2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題(含答案詳解+作文范文)_第1頁
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1、1Chapter1IYES,Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.II流動性過剩自給自足經(jīng)濟(jì)資源直接投資國際收支易貨交易出口退稅傾銷出口型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長東道國貿(mào)易差額貿(mào)易順差/貿(mào)易逆差歐盟國際收支順差/國際收支逆差有形貿(mào)易無形貿(mào)易貨物貿(mào)易服務(wù)貿(mào)易excessliquidityselfsufficienteconomicresourcesdirectinvestmentbalanceofpaymentsba

2、rterexpttaxrebatedumpingexptdriveneconomicgrowthhostcountrybalanceoftradefavableunfavablebalanceoftradeEuropeanUnionfavableunfavablebalanceofpaymentsvisibletradeinvisibletradetradeingoodstradeinservicesIIIThetaboveshowst

3、heU.S.imptsfromChinaU.S.exptstoChinathetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChinaithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003imptsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexptstoChinahavegrown221%indicatingthatthetradedef

4、icitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.IV1.Exptgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthose

5、derivedfromtheexptingimptingoftangiblegoods.3.Imptgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwomecountries.5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestacontrollinginterestinafeigncompany.6.In

6、vestmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansfacompanytoearnmemoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.V1.Internationaltradeisthefairdeliberateexchangeofgoodsservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimptexptinc

7、ludesthe3II1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseencouragementofrestrictionsonimptstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithfeignproducers.保護(hù)主義是指蓄意使用或鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)口限制,以此使本國相對效率低的產(chǎn)品能成功地和外國產(chǎn)品競爭。.2.IftheRu

8、ssiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintothewldmarketthepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughtheflo.一旦俄羅斯人將其持有的錫礦股票投放于國際市場之中,那么該市場中金屬的價(jià)格會跌破最低限價(jià)。3.Protectivetariffmeansadutytaximposedonimptedproductsfthepurposeofmakingthemmeexpensiveinc

9、omparisontodomesticproducerstherebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.保護(hù)性關(guān)稅表示對進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅,旨在讓它們相比起本國商品更貴,從向使得本國商品具有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢。4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalemspecificvariablecompound.IntheUnitedStatestheimpositionoftariffsis

10、madeonimptedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimptedgoodsthusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimptingcountry.Afterseven“Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreducti

11、onstariffsarelessimptantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.關(guān)稅的種類包括從價(jià)稅,從量稅,可變稅與復(fù)合稅。在美國,只對進(jìn)口商品征稅。關(guān)稅抬高了進(jìn)口貨物的價(jià)格,從而使得它們在進(jìn)口國商品市場競爭優(yōu)勢下降。繼關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定七個(gè)回合主要關(guān)于降低稅價(jià)的貿(mào)易協(xié)定之后,稅收所起的保護(hù)作用日趨下降。III1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernm

12、entonimptsexpts.2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernmentbutitmustbetakenundercontrol.3.Toexptgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimptingcountry.4.Atariffmaybea

13、ssessedonaperunitbasisinwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheiteminwhichcaseitisknownasanadvalemduty.5.Impttariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimptgoodssothatcom

14、petitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.Chapter3IAPECAsiapacificEconomicCooperationFTAAPFreeTradeAgreementofAsiathePacificEUEuropeanUnionNAFTANthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementMERCOSURMercadoComundelCon

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