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1、ONTHEKNOCKINGATTHEGATEINMACBETHbyThomasDeQuinceyFROMmyboyishdaysIhadalwaysfeltagreatperplexityononepointinMacbeth.Itwasthis:theknockingatthegatewhichsucceedstothemurderofDuncanproducedtomyfeelingsaneffectfwhichInevercoul
2、daccount.TheeffectwasthatitreflectedbackuponthemurdererapeculiarawfulnessadepthofsolemnityyethoweverobstinatelyIendeavouredwithmyunderstingtocomprehendthisfmanyyearsInevercouldseewhyitshouldproducesuchaneffect.HereIpause
3、fonemomenttoexhtthereadernevertopayanyattentiontohisunderstingwhenitstsinoppositiontoanyotherfacultyofhismind.Themereunderstinghoweverusefulindispensableisthemeanestfacultyinthehumanmindthemosttobedistrustedyetthegreatma
4、jityofpeopletrusttonothingelsewhichmaydofdinarylifebutnotfphilosophicalpurposes.OfthisoutoftenthousinstancesthatImightproduceIwillciteone.Askofanypersonwhatsoeverwhoisnotpreviouslypreparedfthedembyaknowledgeoftheperspect
5、ivetodrawintherudestwaythecommonestappearancewhichdependsuponthelawsofthatscienceasfinstancetorepresenttheeffectoftwowallsstingatrightanglestoeachothertheappearanceofthehousesoneachsideofastreetasseenbyapersonlookingdown
6、thestreetfromoneextremity.Nowinallcasesunlessthepersonhashappenedtoobserveinpictureshowitisthatartistsproducetheseeffectshewillbeutterlyunabletomakethesmallestapproximationtoit.YetwhyFhehasactuallyseentheeffecteverydayof
7、hislife.Thereasonisthatheallowshisunderstingtooverrulehiseyes.Hisunderstingwhichincludesnointuitiveknowledgeofthelawsofvisioncanfurnishhimwithnoreasonwhyalinewhichisknowncanbeprovedtobeahizontallineshouldnotappearahizont
8、allinealinethatmadeanyanglewiththeperpendicularlessthanarightanglewouldseemtohimtoindicatethathishouseswerealltumblingdowntogether.Accdinglyhemakesthelineofhisinterestexclusivelyuponthenaturalbutignobleinstinctbywhichwec
9、leavetolifeaninstinctwhichasbeingindispensabletotheprimallawofselfpreservationisthesameinkind(thoughdifferentindegree)amongstalllivingcreatures:thisinstincttherefebecauseitannihilatesalldistinctionsdegradesthegreatestofm
10、entothelevelofthepobeetlethatwetreadonexhibitshumannatureinitsmostabjecthumiliatingattitude.Suchanattitudewouldlittlesuitthepurposesofthepoet.WhatthenmusthedoHemustthrowtheinterestonthemurderer.Oursympathymustbewithhim(o
11、fcourseImeanasympathyofcomprehensionasympathybywhichweenterintohisfeelingsaremadetounderstthemnotasympathyofpityapprobation002).Inthemurderedpersonallstrifeofthoughtallfluxrefluxofpassionofpurposearecrushedbyoneoverwhelm
12、ingpanicthefearofinstantdeathsmiteshimwithitspetrificmace.Butinthemurderersuchamurdererasapoetwillcondescendtotheremustberagingsomegreatstmofpassionjealousyambitionvengeancehatredwhichwillcreateahellwithinhimintothishell
13、wearetolook.InMacbethfthesakeofgratifyinghisownenmousteemingfacultyofcreationShaksperehasintroducedtwomurderers:asusualinhishstheyareremarkablydiscriminated:butthoughinMacbeththestrifeofmindisgreaterthaninhiswifethetiger
14、spiritnotsoawakehisfeelingscaughtchieflybycontagionfromheryetasbothwerefinallyinvolvedintheguiltofmurderthemurderousmindofnecessityisfinallytobepresumedinboth.Thiswastobeexpressedonitsownaccountaswellastomakeitameproptio
15、nableantagonisttotheunoffendingnatureoftheirvictimthegraciousDuncanadequatelytoexpoundthedeepdamnationofhistakingoffthiswastobeexpressedwithpeculiarenergy.Weweretobemadetofeelthatthehumannaturei.e.thedivinenatureofloveme
16、rcyspreadthroughtheheartsofallcreaturesseldomutterlywithdrawnfrommanwasgonevanishedextinctthatthefiendishnaturehadtakenitsplace.asthiseffectismarvellouslyaccomplishedinthedialoguessoliloquiesthemselvessoitisfinallyconsum
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