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1、按住Ctrl鍵單擊鼠標(biāo)打開配套教學(xué)視頻名師講課播放必修5Unit1JOHHSHOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctinLondonsoexpertindeedthatheattendedQueenVictiaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingdinarypeopleexposedtoch

2、olera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenitscurewasunderstood.Somanythoussofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengesolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontro

3、lleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheiesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggested

4、thatpeopleabsbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodysoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheywascrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondo

5、nin1854hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughponeighbourhoodshebegantogatherinfmation.Intwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.

6、Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16373840).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suc

7、has2021BroadStreet89CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotfeseenthissohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeoplewkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeersohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseem

8、edthatthewaterwastoblame.NextJohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterfthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehlefromthepump

9、sothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondonhefoundsupptingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awomanw

10、hohadmovedawayfromBroadStreetlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollu

11、tedwatercarriedthevirus.TopreventthisfromhappeningagainJohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranyme.Finally“KingCholera“wasdefeated.CO

12、PERNICUS’REVOLUTIONRRYTHEYTotheircreditthefourcountriesdowktogetherinsomeareas(egthecurrencyinternationalrelations)buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.FexampleNthernIrelEnglScotlhavedifferenteducationallegalsystems

13、aswellasdifferentfootballteamsfcompetitionsliketheWldCup!Englisthelargestofthefourcountriesfconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEnglthedlezoneiscalledthelstheonenearesttoScot

14、lisknownastheNth.YoufindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouthbutmostoftheindustrialcitiesinthelstheNthofEngl.AlthoughnationwidethesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChinatheyhavewldfamousfootballteamssomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itis

15、apitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenieenthcenturydonotattractvisits.FhisticalarchitectureyouhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans.ThereyouwillfindoutmeaboutBritishhistyculture.Thegreatesthisticaltreasureofall

16、isLondonwithitsmuseumsartcollectionstheatresparksbuildings.Itisthecentreofnationalgovernmentitsadministration.IthastheoldestptbuiltbytheRomansinthefirstcenturyADtheoldestbuildingbegunbytheAngloSaxonsinthe1060stheoldestca

17、stleconstructedbylaterNmanrulersin1066.TherehasbeenfoursetsofinvadersofEngl.ThefirstinvaderstheRomanslefttheirtownsroads.ThesecondtheAngloSaxonslefttheirlanguagetheirgovernment.ThethirdtheVikingsinfluencedthevocabularypl

18、acenamesoftheNthofEnglthefourththeNmansleftcastlesintroducednewwdsffood.IfyoulookaroundtheBritishcountrysideyouwillfindevidenceofalltheseinvaders.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoya

19、blewthwhile.SIGHTSEEINGINLONDONWriedaboutthetimeavailableZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.ItwasbuiltlongagobytheNmaninvadersofAD1066.Fancy!Thissolidstonesquaretowe

20、rhadremainedstingfonethousyears.Althoughthebuildingshadexpedaroundititremainedpartofaroyalpalaceprisoncombined.TohergreatsurpriseZhangPingyufoundtheQueensjewelsguardedbyspecialroyalsoldierswhoonspecialoccasionsstillwethe

21、fourhundredyearoldunifmofthetimeofQueenElizabethI.TherefollowedStPaulsCathedralbuiltaftertheterriblefireofLondonin1666.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!WestminsterAbbeytoowasveryinteresting.Itcontainedstatuesinmemyofdeadpo

22、etswriterssuchasShakespeare.ThenjustasshecameoutoftheabbeyPingyuheardthefamoussoundoftheclockBigBenringingoutthehour.ShefinishedthedaybylookingattheoutsideofBuckinghamPalacetheQueenshouseinLondon.Ohshehadsomuchtotellherf

23、riends!TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichsawitsoldshipsfamousclockthatsetsthewldtime.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.Itisanimaginarylinedividingtheeasternwesternhalvesofthewldisveryusefulfnavigation.Itpassesthr

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