cognitive-behavioraltherapy：認(rèn)知行為療法

1、Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy,October 9, 2007,CBT view of depression,Depression is related to the way individuals perceive and think about events in their environment Contribute to a negative view of the self, the world,

2、 and the futureFeelings of self-blame, failure, and hopelessness Impact mood and other behaviorsPeople with depression have cognitive distortions in their views of themselves, the world, and the future,,,,,,,,,,EVENT,

3、THOUGHT,FEELING,BEHAVIOR,Treatment of Depressive Disorders,Psychosocial InterventionsCognitive therapy Identify, challenge, and modify negative thought processesMisattributionsNegative self-monitoringShort-term focu

4、sExcessively high performance standardsFailure to self-reinforce,Cognitive Distortions,All-or-nothing thinkingOvergeneralizationMental filterDisqualifying the positive,Cognitive Distortions,Jumping to conclusions

5、Mind readingThe Fortune Teller error,Cognitive Distortions,Magnification or minimizationEmotional reasoning“Should” statements,Cognitive Distortions,Labeling/mislabelingPersonalization,Learned Helplessness and

6、Depression,Seligman (Seligman, 1974; 1975; 1978)Depression is described in terms of learned helplessness Depression develops in individuals who perceive themselves as having little or no control over rewards and punish

7、ments in their environment,Learned Helplessness,Depression results from the individual's propensity to view negative events in their life as due to:their own characteristics (internal attributions)“it’s all my faul

8、t, I’m just not good with people, that’s just who I am”factors that are unlikely to change (attributions of stability) “I keep getting fired because I’m dumb, so why bother trying to get another job”factors that are l

9、ikely to have an influence on the individual across situations (global attributions),Behavioral Views,Ferster (1974) and Lewinsohn (1974):Depression may result from a lack of sufficient positive reinforcement in the env

10、ironmentLack of reinforcement can be caused by:change in residence failure to display appropriate social skillsEtc.,Treatment of Depressive Disorders,Psychosocial Interventions, cont.Behavior therapyfocuses on incr

11、easing pleasurable activities and events, and providing the youngster with the skills necessary to obtain more reinforcement,Components of CBT,Integration of cognitive and behavioral therapies, and has shown the most suc

12、cess in treating depression in young peopleCognitive restructuringActivity PlanningProblem-solving trainingRelaxation trainingAutogenicsDeep BreathingProgressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)Homework assignments,Cognit

13、ive Behavior Therapy,CBT is designed to change both negative thoughts (cognitions) and behaviorsDepressed children/adolescent learn about the nature of depression and how their mood is linked to both their thoughts and

14、actionsThe focus is on developing better communication, problem-solving, anger-management, relaxation, and social skillsCBT (individual or group), is the most well-studied treatment for children and adolescents with de