周思成考研英語(yǔ)

1、考研強(qiáng)化寫(xiě)作（英語(yǔ)一）,@周思成,Brief introduction,A,Time,Content,Part,B,35m,15m,圖畫(huà)作文,信函類(lèi)、提醒類(lèi),20,10,Points,Model,2009 Part A Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regio

2、ns. “White pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly, and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words ANSWER SHEET 2.Do

3、not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not need to write the address.,2008 Part B Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,

4、 you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.,1. Objective,120\220,數(shù)行數(shù)！,3. Number,閱讀之后做,8+16,2. Order,4. Error Co

5、rrection,一筆劃掉，旁邊勘正,4、Calligraphy,矮胖，飽滿(mǎn)，不要太連,Scoring Criteria P.200,A.不露點(diǎn),小作文按提綱順序?qū)?大作文圖畫(huà)描述很重要！,P.239,B. Varied Vocabulary& Syntactic Variety,詞匯多變化、多同義替換,?圖畫(huà),cartoon,photo,portrayal,illustration,caricature,描繪、展示,illus

6、trate,portray,display,reveal,depict,reflect,demonstrate,句型多變基礎(chǔ)：,?短語(yǔ)的變化,短語(yǔ)：,attach great/adequate importance to,attach importance to,詞：vital critical essentialcrucial indispensable,“重要”的表達(dá),lay emphasis on,play a ro

7、le in,play a key/dominant role in,The portrayal demonstrates that the cooperation plays a progressively dominant role in the contemporary society.,2. 攻受互換,“認(rèn)為”的表達(dá)：,單詞：,maintain deem contend,短語(yǔ)：,point out,be convinced t

8、hat,make the point that,Many people contend that the globalization is an inevitable tendency, which is beneficial for the mutual prosperity.（賓語(yǔ)從句）,It is contended that......,The globalization, it is contended, is an ....

9、..,主被動(dòng)互換,? 變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),? 變插入語(yǔ),C.少錯(cuò)誤,常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤七宗罪,一. We can deduce from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.,一.名詞裸奔,特指、專(zhuān)有、有修飾的名詞前要有冠詞a\the或者所有格our/its/my/their.......,We can de

10、duce from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.,the,the,our,the,二. The caption（提示語(yǔ)）indicate, “ You have only one leg and s

11、o do I. By sticking together, however, can we go anywhere we want.,二. 主謂不一致,a.總忘加第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),b.從句不注意先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù),c. 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞搞不清誰(shuí)是主語(yǔ),According to a survey conducted among a group of young people who were in the same class years ago,

12、 no one who have difficulty in cooperating with their colleagues become executive or boss.,......, no one who has difficulty in cooperating with his or her colleagues becomes an executive or a boss.,The cooperation with

13、 colleagues, partners, even competitors are extremely important for us.,A名詞+介詞+B名詞，要以A來(lái)定謂語(yǔ)形式,of, with, from, to,......,三. I have to quit my job because my parents told me that they will buy me an apartment if I will wor

14、k in my hometown.,三. 時(shí)態(tài)混亂,時(shí),態(tài),en,完成進(jìn)行,完成,進(jìn)行,過(guò)去,一般,過(guò)去將來(lái),將來(lái),現(xiàn)在,be,doing,have,would,用中文拼出時(shí)態(tài)!,a. 什么叫謂語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞+它應(yīng)有的形態(tài)變化,語(yǔ)態(tài)+時(shí)態(tài),If she doesn’t go with me, I will be devastated.,b. 主從句的時(shí)態(tài)在時(shí)間上要保持一致，狀態(tài)可異,He said that he had failed la

15、st year but would make every effort to win this time.,c. 最常用的時(shí)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在,am/is/are/do/does,一般過(guò)去,will do,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行,have/has been doing,have/has done,was/were/did,be doing,現(xiàn)在完成,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行,一般將來(lái),The behaviors of mankind have been causing

16、 severe harm and pollution to the nature, which is overburdened and will collapse（崩潰） if we do not rectify（糾正）our faults and misdeeds immediately and thoroughly （徹底的）.,四. 菊花殘句或腫菊句,無(wú)謂語(yǔ)或者謂語(yǔ)太多,In the daytime, many students

17、doing experiment in the library, so they have no time come to the library.,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句成分中有且只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的一般形式（do/did/will do/would do）做謂語(yǔ)。,?若沒(méi)有，則要有；,?若超過(guò)一個(gè)，則第二+個(gè)要變成非謂語(yǔ)形式（to do/doing/done）,Most of books out of date, so would you plea

18、se buying more new books add to the collection?,Most of books are out of date, so would you please buy more new books to add to the collection?,五. Modern people, especially the younger generation, lay more stress on ear

19、ning money, the neglect of the elders become common to see.,五. 無(wú)邏輯！,英文的邏輯是通過(guò)連詞和副詞來(lái)體現(xiàn)的！,中文的邏輯是用腦袋意淫出來(lái)的！,a. 逗號(hào)前后都是完整的句子的話，其中一句（常是后句）必須要有連詞！,?并列連詞,并列 and,轉(zhuǎn)折 but while,選擇 or,? 從屬連詞，連接主從句表示兩者之間的關(guān)系,狀語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)；同位語(yǔ)。。。。。。,

20、b. 打句號(hào)的兩句之間，常常要有副詞來(lái)表示邏輯,The competition has become increasingly fierce. The complicated and challenging work can hardly finished by each individual. People in growing number are seeking cooperation from others, such as t

21、heir colleagues, partners, even competitors.,...... Hence,......In fact......,最常出現(xiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系,并列： and Meanwhile, On the one hand, on the other hand,,遞進(jìn)： Moreover, Further, Besides,,因果： Hence, Therefore, Consequently, A

22、ccordingly, Thus,,轉(zhuǎn)折： However, Yet,Conversely, On the contrary, In fact,,六. 詞性糾結(jié),We could not built a society of harmonious without cooperate with each other.,? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后都用動(dòng)詞原形,?介詞后面要接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,We are unlikely to build a so

23、ciety of harmony without cooperating with each other.,七. 小錯(cuò)誤們,1. 比較級(jí)不要只會(huì)加more,2. 分詞不要只會(huì)接-ed,3. 變性手術(shù),分不清he/she/his/her,D. 重邏輯,要有起承轉(zhuǎn)合,連詞和副詞的運(yùn)用,E. 格式正確、語(yǔ)域得體,格式：縮進(jìn)式 段首空格、段間不空行,語(yǔ)域： 偏正式 不縮寫(xiě)、簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)、過(guò)于口語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ),In the cartoon, two guys

24、 abso-fucking-lutely wanna work together to make it better.,P. 246 范文,描述圖表（7分）,2000：商業(yè)捕魚(yú)發(fā)展史,2001愛(ài)心是一盞燈,2002：美國(guó)女孩穿著中國(guó)民族服裝,2003：溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨,2004：終點(diǎn)也是新起點(diǎn),2005：養(yǎng)老足球賽,2006：把崇拜寫(xiě)在臉上,2007：對(duì)手眼中的自己,2008年：合作,2009年：網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠(yuǎn)與近,20

25、10：文化的火鍋,2011：旅途之余,2012：心態(tài)的好與壞,A.分類(lèi),?數(shù)量,一圖雙人題,雙圖題,單圖題,00、03、06,01、02、04、08、09、10、11,05、07、12,?主體,人,非人,非人卻擬人,02、04、05、06、07、08、09、11、12,00、10、,01、03,話題,社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,個(gè)人心理,00、02、05、06、09、10、11,01、03、04、07、08、12,跟體育有關(guān)的圖畫(huà)常出現(xiàn),不會(huì)考時(shí)政特別

26、明顯的題目,模版、規(guī)律強(qiáng)，不需預(yù)測(cè),單圖題首段思路：(3-4句）,1、引入句+圖中主要信息,2、次要信息和細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě),3、提示信息的翻譯（如果有）,主要信息：,人或主體+動(dòng)作,次要信息,表情、環(huán)境、主體周邊物體,細(xì)節(jié),跟主體有關(guān)的具體的事、物、數(shù)量、中文提示,A.引入句的寫(xiě)法,?直白型,1. As is graphically/explicitly/satirically,2. depicted/revealed/demonstrated

27、,3. in the portrayal/illustration/caricature,,主體+動(dòng)作,As is explicitly depicted in the portrayal, two handicapped men, each of whom has only one leg, are supporting each other and walking normally and rapidly.,1.Graphicall

28、y/ Symbolically/Satirically,2.depicted/revealed/demonstrated,3. in the portrayal/caricature/illustration,4. is/are sth./sb, which/who +動(dòng)作,?翻江倒海型,Graphically depicted in the caricature is an American girl, who is dressed

29、 in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.,文豪型,1. The portrayal,,2. vivid and explicit,,symbolic and metaphoric,,satiric and ironic,,3. unfolds a scene to us, in which 主體+動(dòng)作,The portrayal, symbolic and metap

30、horic, unfolds a scene to us, in which an oil lamp, with a pleasant smile rather than a normal flame, is burning brightly.,主體+動(dòng)作的描述方式,1. sb./sth, with ... in...., is doing sth.,...... a young boy, with a confident smile

31、in his face, is rushing towards the finishing line.,2. sb./sth, who/which....., is doing,The caricature, ironic and satiric, unfolds a scene to us, in which four young men, who act as goal-keepers, are kicking a ball, wh

32、ich symbolizes their old father.,常見(jiàn)表情、情緒,喜：,smile, laugh,,怒：,angry, irate, indignant,furious,,哀：,miserable(misery);depressed(depression);agony,說(shuō)：,say, cry, sigh,remark,皺眉:,frown(vi.),看：,“......”, sb. remarks.,Sb. rema

33、rks that.....,stare at; glance at; glare at,帶細(xì)節(jié)的情緒,a miserable expression,cry loudly,sigh in despair,look at sb. with indifference/contempt,B. 細(xì)節(jié)句的寫(xiě)法(第二句話的寫(xiě)法）,? 細(xì)節(jié)很清楚、豐富時(shí)，例舉描寫(xiě)。,Under scrutiny, we can see that 主體旁邊的細(xì)節(jié)，inc

34、luding A, B, and C (C是一個(gè)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的概括總結(jié)）.,Under scrutiny, we can see that that girl wears many accessories, including a pair of long earrings, a peal necklace, and other decorating things, which are also characteristic of Chine

35、se feature.,Under scrutiny, we can see that the lake has already been covered by various litters, including used bottles of beverages, discarded boxes of instant noodles, fruit peels, fish bones, and other dirty junks.,?

36、主體有次要?jiǎng)幼鲿r(shí)描寫(xiě)該次要?jiǎng)幼鳌?V-ing/V-ed+細(xì)節(jié)1，主體+細(xì)節(jié)二,Perspiring heavily, he demonstrates no intention of having rest but volition of continuing the new lap of race.,可改成：主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作一ing，動(dòng)作二,He, perspiring heavily, demonstrates......,The old

37、father, just kicked away by his eldest son, is rolling on the court, and his daughter, stretching her arms widely, is ready to protect against the intrusion of the “ball”.,?和主體有明顯位置關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)和環(huán)境,位置+主題+is/are+細(xì)節(jié)+展開(kāi)細(xì)節(jié),Under/Abo

38、ve/Around+主體+is/are...,which,Under the young man is a finishing line, which is also marked as the starting line.,Around the oil lamp is the darkness, which makes the light of the lamp brighter.,Behind these two handicapp

39、ed men are two crutches, which used to sustain them to stand and walk.,C. 一段最后一句：字幕翻譯或者大意總結(jié),?直白字幕：,The caption below the portrayal reads, “......”.,?含蓄字幕：,The caption below the portrayal indicates that......,The caption

40、below the portrayal reads, “You have only one leg and so do I, but we still can walk anywhere when we support each other.”,The caption below the portrayal indicates that the Internet has not only brought us closer but a

41、lso alienated us from each other.,?無(wú)字幕，則總結(jié)圖的大意，但不用引申,Apparently/Undoutedly, it is A that ......,We are informed that ......,如已有三句，題目又無(wú)字母，可以不總結(jié)。,Apparently, it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and

42、 beauty.,Undoubtedly, it is the diverse ingredients that make the cultural “hot pot” not only delicate but also nutritious.,We are informed that we ourselves oftentimes exaggerate the difficulties confronting us.,Under s

43、crutiny, we can see that that girl wears many accessories, including a pair of long earrings, a peal necklace, and other decorating things, which are also characteristic of Chinese feature.,Graphically depicted in the ca

44、ricature is an American girl, who is dressed in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.,Apparently, it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and beauty.,單圖題,分清主次、動(dòng)作全面、細(xì)節(jié)到位、字幕總結(jié),不要去推深層含義！要

45、就圖說(shuō)事兒！,雙圖題（一圖雙主體題）,1.描述圖在說(shuō)的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景、事件,2.分別描寫(xiě)兩圖、兩主體、兩個(gè)時(shí)間的細(xì)節(jié)。突出對(duì)比或變化,3.字幕翻譯或者圖表面信息的總結(jié),Version A,The caricature(s), subtle and vivid, depict,a. a scene where......,b. the dramatic change/difference concerning......,c. two peop

46、le, who......,The caricatures, subtle and vivid, depict the drastic change concerning the commercial fishing in the 20th century.,Graphically depicted in the portray are two athletes who are in a football match.,As is co

47、nspicuously demonstrated in the set of photos above, two young man exhibit strong passion for David Beckham, who is one of the most prominent football star in the world.,Version B 文豪版,Upon seeing the set of caricatures a

48、bove, what arrest my attention most is the....../that......,Upon seeing the set of caricatures above, what arrest my attention most is the drastic distinction of people’s attitude and reaction when in front of the same c

49、ircumstance.,2. 分別描寫(xiě)兩幅圖、兩個(gè)主體、或者兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的情況。,In the left photo is a person who......, while in the right one, a man......,The man on the left......, while the man on the right......,In the left is a person who wrote the nam

50、e of Beckham on his face and smiled with pride, while in the right one, another young man, who was reading a sports magazine, spent 300 RMB on a haircut that resembles that of Beckham.,時(shí)間變化型,In 時(shí)間A，there was.......; ho

51、wever, in 時(shí)間B，......,On 1990, there was only on boat fishing on the sea which abounded with fish; however, on 1995, compared with the dramatic ascent of the number of commercial boats, only one fish survived the commerci

52、al fishing.,第三句 字幕翻譯或者總結(jié)現(xiàn)象、變化,變化總結(jié)句型,時(shí)間段+witnessed/saw a +趨勢(shì)、變化,Apparently, the last century witnessed a dramatic change in commercial fishing industry.,We are informed that people more often than not exaggerate the dif

53、ficulties of challenges confronting them.,Undoubtedly, they are representative of numerous young people who worship idols in a unreasonable and irrational way.,“ There are still some!” , the man on the right remarked wit

54、h satisfaction, rushing to get the bottle up, while the left man sighed in despair: “It is all over!”,Vividly depicted in the caricature are two man, in front of whom are a bottle, whose water splashed all over the floor

55、.,Apparently, people’s behaviors and reactions differ dramatically even when confronted with the same occasion.,第二段 深層含義闡釋段,描述、寓意、分析、評(píng)論,——————,1. 圖畫(huà)的目的是什么,反映出的問(wèn)題（-）、想提倡的觀念（+）、想折射的矛盾（|）,2. 展開(kāi),社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)、舉例（有時(shí)第三段）、數(shù)據(jù)支撐、正反論證、因果

56、、假設(shè)、寓意闡述,6-7句,A. 目的句的寫(xiě)法,The illustrator, who might be a ____, conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of ______.,a. “作者現(xiàn)身”法,Apparently, the cartoonist endeavors to arouse our awareness of ____by his draw

57、ing.,The illustrator, who might be a enthusiastic environmental protector, conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of severe pollution and all-pervasive contamination.,Apparently, the cartoonist endeavor

58、s to arouse our awareness of environmental protection by his drawing.,The illustrator, who might be an advocate for the fusion of multi-cultures, conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of how to blend l

59、ocal culture with international ones.,Apparently, the photographer endeavors to convey the message that even the local and national culture can become international and fashionable in the context of globalization.,不能死套

60、模板，要靈活,靈活來(lái)自于見(jiàn)識(shí)、積累和操作,b. 以圖傳情法,Apparently, the purpose of the caricature is to reveal the fact that _______,Simple as the drawing seems, it transmits a thought-provoking message that_______ .,The purpose of the caricatur

61、e is to reveal the fact that the unrestricted commercial activities have been exerting tremendous negative effects on the nature.,深層含義不能只就圖論事，要化成大類(lèi),The purpose of the caricature is to reveal the fact that the neglect and

62、 the mistreatment of the elders have become far from rare in our so-called civilized society.,適合較直白的題目,Simple as the drawing seems, it transmits a thought-provoking message that in order to survive and thrive in this com

63、petitive world, we should never stop making progress even when we reach a goal set up before.,Simple as the drawing seems, it transmits a thought-provoking message that like the light in the darkness, our love and care c

64、an ignite this cold and realistic world.,適合較抽象的題目！,c. 暗潮涌動(dòng)法,After further reflection, we can deduce that the cartoonist attempts to convey a paradoxical message that ______,The fact ______ indicates that ____,which is fa

65、r from rare (pervasive and prevalent) in the contemporary society.,After further reflection, we can deduce that the cartoonist attempts to convey a paradoxical message that the Internet has brought both merits and demeri

66、ts in various aspects of our life.,The fact that these two young man worship Beckham proudly but crazily indicates that numerous young people chase their idols in an unreasonable or even absurd way, which is pervasive an

67、d prevalent in the contemporary society.,The fact that every individual is imperfect indicates that cooperation plays a key role in surviving this competitive society.,靈活地加減模板。,展開(kāi)句的寫(xiě)法,a. 社會(huì)背景、現(xiàn)實(shí)描述法,1. “隨著”。。。“怎么樣”。。。,Wit

68、h the quickening pace of the modern society, an increasing number of people......,With our society quickening its pace of development, people in mounting numbers......,?,With the process of globalization quickening its p