中西方家庭德育之孝親觀的比較研究

1、中西方家庭德育之孝親觀的比較研究 1 內(nèi)容摘要 內(nèi)容摘要 中西方文化存在著很多差異，在世界文化交流日益加強(qiáng)的今天，研究中西方的文化差異有著重要意義。孝親觀作為文化差異的重要內(nèi)容之一，也正在這種交流中相互影響和相互借鑒。孝是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)倫理的元德，俗話說(shuō)“百善孝為先” ，孝是在中華禮樂(lè)文明中有著不可替代的核心地位。 在不同的文化背景下，中西方家庭中的父母與子女關(guān)系也存在著差異。中國(guó)的子女們大多對(duì)父母的命令持有“不違”的態(tài)度，而在西方，父母與

2、子女之間的關(guān)系往往是平等的,甚至以朋友關(guān)系相處,這種相處模式在中國(guó)人看來(lái)似乎有些不可思議， 而中國(guó)的父母子女關(guān)系在西方人眼里也難以理解， 兩種不同的家庭成員之間的相處模式引起了許多社會(huì)學(xué)家的關(guān)注。 本文試圖通過(guò)中國(guó)古代先賢們對(duì)孝的不同闡述，概括出孝德的核心內(nèi)涵，可概括為四個(gè)字： “善事父母”①，對(duì)父母要做到既“養(yǎng)”且“敬” ，它包括崇拜、敬仰祖宗和奉養(yǎng)、尊敬父母兩個(gè)主要方面。而西方孝親觀則與中國(guó)孝親觀的表現(xiàn)形式不同,西方人所謂的孝敬父母

3、更多的是“尊敬”,其孝文化并沒(méi)有很復(fù)雜的社會(huì)意義,主要是宗教意義。這兩種不同孝親觀形成的原因很多,首先,在文化根源方面, 中國(guó)早在周朝就實(shí)行禮制，人們自古崇尚禮儀,有著“尚禮”的精神，人們一直把禮視為中華文化和華夏民族的象征，禮儀是中華文化區(qū)別于異域文化的重要標(biāo)志。而西方人則具有“尚力”精神，所謂“尚力”精神,就是指對(duì)人的力量的崇拜，包括人的武力、智力，以及后來(lái)的“知識(shí)就是力量”等等。其次,在自然因素和社會(huì)因素方面,中國(guó)古代是農(nóng)耕社會(huì),

4、與耕種的相關(guān)知識(shí)需要傳承, 要傳承就離不開(kāi)老人和孩子，于是尊老愛(ài)幼的風(fēng)氣便被強(qiáng)調(diào)起來(lái)。而西方受地理環(huán)境的影響，很早的就發(fā)展起了商業(yè)，我們通常說(shuō)在商言商，商人看重利益，與農(nóng)耕社會(huì)中的人相比，在感情方面是要淡漠一些。在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史演進(jìn)中，西方人形成了注重個(gè)性、向往自由的心理，因此，在西方的主流文化中, “孝”作為概念就很少被提及。 由于歷史與地理的原因，中西方這兩種孝親觀本來(lái)互不干擾，并沒(méi)有交集，但隨著① 《說(shuō)文解字》 中西方家庭德育之孝親觀

5、的比較研究 3 Abstract There are a lot of differences between Chinese culture and western culture. Today, with the world cultural exchanges are becoming increasingly frequent, it is quite important to study the cultural diffe

6、rences. The views of filial piety, which are also exchanging between Chinese culture and western culture, hold an important status in cultural differences. Filial piety is the core of Chinese traditional ethics, and as a

7、n old saying goes, “Among all the good deeds, filial piety comes first.” It plays an irreplaceable role in Chinese traditional civilization. Most of Chinese children are quite obedient to their parents. While in western

8、countries, the relationship between parents and their children are often equal, sometimes they even can be good friends. This kind of relationship seems to be unbelievable to Chinese. The two different relationships amon

9、g family members have caused a great attention from many socialists. At the very first of this essay, the writer defines the core definition of filial piety, which is “ be good to parents”, that means children should no

10、t only raise their parent, but also honor them. Honor includes two aspects, to worship ancestors and to care parents. The western views of filial piety have different manifestation, in western counties, the people honor

11、their parents more. And the filial piety culture there has more religious meaning than social meaning. Why there are two kinds of views of filial piety? There are many reasons. First of all, it is the cultural aspect. Si

12、nce ancient times, the Chinese people admire etiquette, which is recognized as the sign and also the important symbol of Chinese culture. While the western people admire power, which meanings force, intelligence and know

13、ledge, etc.. Second, it is the differences of the natural and social aspects. Ancient China was agricultural society, the knowledge of how to farm needs to be passed from one generation to another. During this process, p

14、eople have to honor the elders and care the children. But the western countries were commercial countries. The tradesman paid more attention on the gains and profits. So compared to Chinese people, the westerners are mor

15、e like freedom and personality. As a result, in western cultural system, the filial piety is barely mentioned. As the development of times, Chinese culture and western culture crashed regularly. At the background of glo