外文翻譯--用氯三嗪（mct）β-環(huán)糊精衍生物對(duì)天絲與棉的表面進(jìn)行化學(xué)分析和處理（英文）

1、J MATER SCI 41 (2006) 2195–2200Surface chemical analysis of tencel and cotton treated with a monochlorotriazinyl (MCT) β-cyclodextrin derivativeN. KISTAMAH, C. M. CARR ?Textiles and Paper, The University of Manchester, M

2、anchester, M60 1QD, UK E-mail: naraindra.kistamah@manchester.ac.uk E-mail: chris.carr@manchester.ac.ukS. ROSUNEE Department of Textile Technology, University of Mauritius, Reduit,, Mauritius E-mail: s.rosunee@uom.ac.muPu

3、blished online: 3 March 2006The interaction and durability to laundering of a reactive β-cyclodextrin derivative, applied to Tencel fabric and bleached cotton fabric, was investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectrosco

4、py (XPS). The N(1s) XPS spectra of the MCT β-cyclodextrin treated substrates revealed the presence of the applied finish on the fibre surface and that the surface concentration increased with increasing level of the appl

5、ied finish. The bleached cotton had a relatively greater level of fixation of the chemical finish in comparison to the treated Tencel. The reactive β-cyclodextrin fixed onto Tencel and bleached cotton was durable to ISO

6、CO6/C2S washes. C ? 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.1. Introduction Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides, with the major cyclodextrin being the seven membered ring derivative β-cyclodextrin. Cyclodextrin

7、s are bulky ring molecules, capable of forming inclusion complexes with a great number of organic compounds and have found wide applications in many areas [1–7]. In textiles, cyclodex- trins are a relatively new class of

8、 dyeing and finishing auxiliaries capable of influencing both the processing of the textile materials and their serviceability properties [1, 6–15]. Cyclodextrins maybe bound onto the fibre surface by two distinct intera

9、ctions: (a) where no covalent bonds exists between the cyclodextrin molecules and the textile material, and physical bonding is the major force of interaction; (b) where the cyclodextrin molecule is permanently fixed to

10、the textile material through covalent bonding. Due to their structure and ability to form inclusion com- plexes cyclodextrins have been evaluated with a view to either slowly releasing perfume or absorbing unpleasant odo

11、urs on textiles or other materials [11]. They are poten- tially useful in detergents and other textile care products, but due to their relatively weak adsorption would be lost?Author to whom all correspondence should be

12、addressed.during garment laundering and therefore their effects are not permanent. An alternative approach to improve dura- bility has been to covalently fix a “reactive” cyclodextrin derivative to the textile fibre surf

13、ace and the serviceability properties of the textile product may be renewed with- out reapplication of the finish. For cellulosics, the most promising approach has been the use of a monochloro- triazinyl (MCT) β-cyclodex

14、trin derivative, which can be covalently fixed to nucleophilic substrates by a substitu- tion reaction and contains two to three reactive triazinyl groups per cyclodextrin ring [1, 12–15]. The percentage fixation of the

15、reactive cyclodextrin derivative to the sub- strate can be determined by fabric weight gain (gravimet- ric method) [7] or the Kjeldahl method [13] and although both methods are reported to be satisfactory neither is surf

16、ace sensitive nor shows how the fibre surface may be adversely affected by textile processing. In this study, the fibre surfaces are examined to monitor the deposition and interaction of the MCT β-cyclodextrin derivative

17、s and its durability to laundering. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique has been used to characterize the nature of the surface species (outer 10 nm) on both Tencel and cotton fibres treated with MCT0022

18、-2461 C ? 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-7183-6 2195NN NCl Na+ O -CDFigure 2 Chemical structure of the monochlorotriazinyl functional group of MCT-cyclodextrin molecule.from a flood

19、gun. To ensure reproducibility, the samples were analysed in duplicate or triplicate. Where appropri- ate curve fitted spectra are presented to clearly define the peak for qualitative analysis.3. Results and discussion 3

20、.1. XPS analysis of untreated and MCT β-cyclodextrin treated tencel Tencel is a regenerated cellulosic fibre, which is free of natural impurities such as nitrogen-based proteins, pectins and waxes typically associated wi

21、th raw unscoured cot- ton. The N1(s) XPS spectrum for untreated “clean” Tencel substrate revealed that nitrogen species were absent from the fibre surfaces, Fig. 1 Since the MCT β-cyclodextrin contains nitrogen-based tri

22、azinyl functionalities, its ni- trogen “l(fā)abel” could be utilised as an elemental tag to establish the presence of the applied finish at the fibre surfaces, Fig. 2In a typical N1(s) XPS spectrum, nitrogen bound to car- bo

23、n in primary, secondary or tertiary amines or amides, occurs at a BE value of 399.0–400.2 eV [16, 17]. The N1(s) spectra of unwashed and washed (× 5) treated Tencel clearly indicate the obvious presence of surface n

24、itrogen species at approximately a BE value of 399.5 eV which may be assigned to the presence of a triazinyl system of MCT β-cyclodextrin, Figs 3 and 4. Nitrogen species located in C3N3 aromatic ring systems would typ- i

25、cally occur at BE values around 399.2 and 399.4 eV [18]. The presence of nitrogen on the fabric surface indicates strong covalent bonding between the MCT β-cyclodextrin and the cellulosic fibre surface, even after five w

26、ashes.3.2. XPS analysis of tencel treated with varying levels of MCT β-cyclodextrin Tencel fabrics were treated with increasing levels of the MCT β-cyclodextrin derivative to demonstrate the build- up properties of the f

27、inish onto the surface of the fibre. The treated fabrics were then subjected to multiple ISO 105 C06/C2S wash cycles in order to assess the durability of the surface finish. The % atomic nitrogen content, as determined b

28、y XPS, was used as a measure of the sur- face concentration of the finish. It is evident that the per- centage atomic nitrogen content concomitantly increases with concentration of MCT β-cyclodextrin applied and the incr

29、ease is a reflection of the greater availability of the cyclodextrin molecules available for reaction with the cellulose hydroxyl groups, Table I [13]. There is little in-TABLE I Surface XPS percentage atomic composition

30、 of tencel fabric treated with varying levels of MCT β-cyclodextrinSample treatment (% o.m.f.) % Atomic compositionC O N C/N ratioUntreated 67.6 32.4 0.0 – 2% 61.7 37.2 1.0 62 5% 63.3 35.7 1.1 58 8% 63.9 34.6 1.5 43 10%

31、63.7 34.7 1.6 40crease in % atomic nitrogen content at the fibre surface as the MCT-CD concentration increases from 8 to 10% omf and suggests that the optimum application concen- tration is approximately 8% omf. Although

32、 it is unlikely the bulky MCT-β-cyclodextrin derivative will penetrate easily into the fibre sub-surface for further reaction un- der these application conditions, further work is currently underway to confirm this propo

33、sal. Also the carbon to nitrogen, C/N, atomic ratio of pure MCT-β-cyclodextrin molecule is about 6:1 (with an average of 2.8 MCT groups per β-cyclodextrin molecule [4]) and it is observed that as the concentration of the

34、 applied finish increases, the C/N atomic ratio similarly decreases from 62 at 2% omf concentration to 40 at 10% omf concentration where it appears to plateau.3.3. XPS analysis of untreated and MCT β-cyclodextrin treated

35、 tencel subjected to repeat wash tests, ISO 105 CO6/C2S Table II shows the % atomic compositions of Ten- cel treated with 10% o.m.f. MCT β-cyclodextrin and subjected to repeated ISO 105 CO6/C2S wash tests. It was again o

36、bserved that after three washes the % atomic composition of nitrogen is still significant al- though it is lower than that of the unwashed treated sample. This suggests the formation of stable cova- lent bonds between th

37、e MCT β-cyclodextrin and the cellulosic fibre surface and that these bonds offer some resistance to laundering conditions even after five washes.TABLE II Surface XPS percentage atomic composition of tencel fab- ric treat

38、ed 10% o.m.f. MCT β-cyclodextrin and repeat washed, ISO 105 CO6/C2S wash testSample treatment % Atomic compositionsC O N C/N ratioUntreated 67.6 32.4 0.0 – 0 × wash 63.7 34.7 1.6 40 1 × wash 63.9 35.0 1.1 58 3