簡(jiǎn)介:植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)與現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù),徐芳森,植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)研究植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)原理與施肥的科學(xué)。,植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)原理研究植物對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的吸收、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、分配和利用,以及植物體與環(huán)境之間營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和能量轉(zhuǎn)化過程及其調(diào)控的科學(xué)。,植物必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素(定義,分類,種類)有益元素每個(gè)必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的吸收(代謝與同化)、體內(nèi)含量、分配、營(yíng)養(yǎng)功能、缺乏(或中毒)癥狀(診斷),每個(gè)必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素所對(duì)應(yīng)的肥料(種類、性質(zhì)和施用技術(shù)等)N,P,K肥料三要素微肥單質(zhì)肥料與復(fù)合肥料有機(jī)與無機(jī)肥含CL肥料與含SO42肥料施肥與環(huán)境配方施肥,尤李比西18031873,LIEBIG1840“ORGANICCHEMISTRYINITSAPPLICATIONTOAGRICULTUREANDPHYSIOLOGY”,MACROELEMENTC,H,O,N,P,K,CA,MG,SMICROELEMENTFE,MN,CU,ZN,B,MO,CL,,,,,,CO2,UPTAKEANDDISTRIBUTIONOFBORONATFLOWERINGSTAGEΜGBINEFFIBEFFIBBBBOLDESTLEAF110217277701370YOUNGESTLEAF002401502450586MAINSTEM1055287223732668FLOWER123567346785BUD1841148196700TOTAL3285893745637821,,,,,,,ENZYMOLOGY,ISOTOPETRACETECHNIQUE,SOILSCIENCE,AGRONOMY,TRADITIONALUNDERSTANDINGONPLANTNUTRITION,,,,PLANTNUTRITION,PLANTPHYSIOLOGY,SOILSCIENCE,CROPPLANT,SOIL,FERTILIZER,,,,,PLANTNUTRIOLOGY,MODERNDISCIPLINEOFPLANTNUTRITION,GENOMICSPROTEOMICSMETABOMICSPLANTNUTRIOMICSIONOMICS,,,,SIGNAL,SIGNAL,TRANSDUCTION,TRANSDUCTION,,REC,REC,,PLANT,PLANT,NUTRIOMICS,NUTRIOMICS,,,SIGNAL,SIGNAL,TRANSDUCTION,TRANSDUCTION,,REC,REC,,PLANT,PLANT,NUTRIOMICS,NUTRIOMICS,MüLLERANDKERSTEN,2003,NRT1FAMILYOFNITRATETRANSPORTERS,,,TWOFAMILIESOFNITRATETRANSPORTERGENESHAVEBEENIDENTIFIEDTODATETHENRT1ANDNRT2FAMILIES,CHL1PARTICIPATESINBOTHLOWANDHIGHAFFINITYUPTAKE,N,NRT2FAMILYOFNITRATETRANSPORTERS,THENRT2FAMILYOFGENESENCODENITRATEINDUCIBLE,HIGHAFFINITYNITRATETRANSPORTERS,AMT1FAMILYOFNH4TRANSPORTERS,MODELFORTHEFEEDBACKREGULATIONOFTHEATAMT11GENEBYNMETABOLITES,,AMODELFORSECONDARYPITRANSPORTACROSSTHEPLASMAMEMBRANE,P,,,,THESENINEPHT1GENESARELOCATEDONCHROMOSOMES1,2,3,AND5,RESPECTIVELYTHEDIAGRAMDEPICTSINTRONSTHINLINESANDEXONSBLACKBOXES,PHYLOGENETICANALYSISOFARABIDOPSISPHOSPHATETRANSPORTERPROTEINSEQUENCES,,,,,,,CITRATE,ACETATE,,,,,,PHOSPHATE,FEPHOSPHATE,,ATP,ADPPI,HATPASE,H,H,H,PHOSPHATEHCOTRANSPORT,CITRATE,ACETATE,,,,PHOSPHATE,FEACETATE,,H,H,,FECITRATE,FE3REDUCTASE,FE2,FE2CHANNEL,,,,,CITRATE,,FE2,CYTOSOL,SOIL,THEFIRSTHIGHAFFINITYKTRANSPORTER,HKT1,WASCLONEDBYCOMPLEMENTATIONOFYEASTTRK1TRK2KTRANSPORTMUTANTWITHACDNALIBRARY,AMASSOF59KDAANDCONTAIN12MEMBRANESPANNINGDOMAINS,EXPRESSIONOFHKT1INXENOPUSOOCYTESGAVERISETOLARGEINWARDCURRENTSINTHEPRESENTOFK,K,克隆到的編碼K轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白的植物基因,H/CA2反向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子主要功能是維持細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)膜保持較低的CA2濃度。,CA,CA通道主要通過與3磷酸肌醇(IP3)或ADP核糖作用維持細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)膜的CA2濃度。,,植物中廣泛的代謝和發(fā)育信號(hào)都可以引發(fā)胞質(zhì)中游離CA2的提高。,游離CA2提高的直接作用目標(biāo)包括離子通道,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子,還包括鈣調(diào)蛋白、含有鈣調(diào)蛋白域的蛋白激酶等。,OVERVIEWOFSULFURUPTAKE,REDUCTION,ANDTRANSPORTINPLANTS,APS5腺苷酰硫酸PAPS3‘-磷酸腺苷-5磷酰硫酸,S,MODELOFAPLANTSTRANSPORTERWITH12REGIONSSPANNINGTHEPLASMAMEMBRANE,B,AT1G15460AT1G74810AT2G47160AT3G06450AT3G62270AT4G32510AT5G25430,雙子葉植物和非禾本科單子葉植物鐵吸收模式圖,FE,,從擬南芥中分離到根三價(jià)鐵還原酶基因FRO2。它負(fù)責(zé)電子跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的黃色細(xì)胞色素超家族中的一員。,擬南芥中分離到鐵轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白IRT1。,IRT1,WT,IRT1WT,抗鹽性一般是多基因控制的,具有數(shù)量遺傳性狀的復(fù)雜性,呈“多因一效”的模式。,NUMBEROFGENESINDUCEDAORREPRESSEDBINLOWPICOMPARISONOFSHORTTERMDIAMONDS,3,6,12H,MEDIUMTERMSQUARES,1,2D,ANDLONGTERMCIRCLES,5ΜMEXPERIMENTSJULIEETAL,PNAS,2005,1021193411939,INVARIOUSMETABOLICPATHWAYSIONTRANSPORT,SIGNALTRANSDUCTION,TRANSCRIPTIONALREGULATION,ANDOTHERPROCESSESRELATEDTOGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENT,轉(zhuǎn)基因植株和對(duì)照的田間表現(xiàn)。A至D,盆載,E水培,F(xiàn)、G和H分別為低氮低磷和正常營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件下田間的結(jié)果A0毫克磷每公斤土,B和D30毫克磷每公斤土,C200毫克磷每公斤土,FROMLIAN2005,植酸酶基因表達(dá)盒,(FROMCHEN2005),WTPLANTSINTHEPRESENCEOF5MMNACLTRANSGENICPLANTSINTHEPRESENCEOF5MMNACLDWTPLANTSGROWNINTHEPRESENCEOF200MMNACLETRANSGENICPLANTSINTHEPRESENCEOF200MMNACL,2001,19765768NATUREBIOTECHNOLOGY,FOCUSONGENESTHATCONTROLUPTAKEANDACCUMULATIONOFSOLUTES,INCLUDINGCA,K,MG,PPLANTMACRONUTRIENTS,CO,CU,FE,LI,B,MN,MO,NI,SE,ZNMICRONUTRIENTSOFSIGNIFICANCETOPLANTANDHUMANHEALTHAS,CD,NAANDPBELEMENTSCAUSINGAGRICULTURALORENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS,PLANTIONOMICS,DAVIDESALTPLANTPHYSIOLOGY,2004,THANKS,
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