簡(jiǎn)介:實(shí)例分析分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,以INTERLEUKIN24為例,二、基因功能研究1MRNA水平和蛋白質(zhì)水平表達(dá)譜2體外生物學(xué)活性細(xì)胞模型,調(diào)節(jié)表達(dá)水平細(xì)胞活力、細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞周期、抑瘤活性、等等3體內(nèi)生物學(xué)活性抑瘤活性、成血管活性、等等,內(nèi)容,一、基因的基本信息發(fā)現(xiàn)、序列、染色體定位、表達(dá)調(diào)控、同源性分子、修飾、降解、細(xì)胞內(nèi)定位、空間結(jié)構(gòu)等等,三、作用機(jī)制信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑和相互作用分子四、應(yīng)用,235DOCUMENTS,IF597757227650306938435521341525648,ONCOGENE1995,1124772486CANCERBIOLTHER20032S23–S37,MDA5,MDA6P21,MDA7/IL24,MDA9/SYNTENIN,,SUBTRACTIONHYBRIDIZATION,一、MDA7/IL24,PAULBFISHERCOLUMBIAUNI,1發(fā)現(xiàn),雜交產(chǎn)物的克隆、篩選和測(cè)序,除去雜交體、過(guò)量探針、鹽和小片段,CANCERBIOLTHER20032S23–S37,2提交序列,NCBI/GENBANK,,,3染色體定位,DATABASEANALYSIS,CYTOGROWTHFACTORREV2003,1435–51,IL10FAMILY,MOLMED200174271282,4與IL24同源的分子,一致的保守的相似的,CYTOKINEGROWTHFACTORREV20031435–51IMMUNOLOGY2005114216670,NCBIBLAST,KEGG,5基因的表達(dá)調(diào)控,JCELLPHYSIOL200018513646,基因組文庫(kù),IL24CDNA探針,PCR,測(cè)序,啟動(dòng)子GCG啟動(dòng)子搜索轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)引物延伸和作圖,轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,啟動(dòng)子序列,JCELLPHYSIOL200018513646,AP1PKCACTIVATEDTFC/EBPGROWTHARRESTANDTERMINALDIFFERENTIATIONASSOCIATEDTF,,轉(zhuǎn)錄起始前復(fù)合物真核生物RNA聚合酶不與DNA分子直接結(jié)合,而需依靠眾多的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。,轉(zhuǎn)錄前起始復(fù)合物,拼板理論一個(gè)真核生物基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄需要3至5個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。轉(zhuǎn)錄因子之間互相結(jié)合,生成有活性和專一性的復(fù)合物,再與RNA聚合酶搭配而有針對(duì)性地結(jié)合、轉(zhuǎn)錄相應(yīng)的基因。,RNA聚合酶保護(hù)法,LUCIFERASEASSAYSYSTEM,JCELLPHYSIOL200018513646,NDEINHEI是啟動(dòng)子轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的重要區(qū)域,C/EBPB和CJUN/AP1提高轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。,重要區(qū)域,NUCLEARLYSATES,ARROW1C/EBPBARROW2AP1,JCELLPHYSIOL200018513646,EMSA,C/EBPB和CJUN/AP1結(jié)合在MDA7/IL24啟動(dòng)子上。,CELLLYSATES,,,IFNΒ和MEZ單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合處理不能顯著改變啟動(dòng)子活性,LUCIFERASEASSAYSYSTEM,ONCOGENE2000191013628,3’UTR的ARE調(diào)節(jié)該基因在終末分化過(guò)程中的MRNA水平,AREAURICHELEMENTS,LUCIFERASEASSAYSYSTEM,ONCOGENE2000191013628,7分泌蛋白,MOLTHER20049335567,OVEREXPRESSION,WB,,ADIL24CELLLYSATE,ADIL24SUPERNATANT,分泌作用的抑制劑,MOLTHER20049335567,WB,CYTOKINEGROWTHFACTORREV20031435–51,PNGASEFENDOGLYCANASEFENDOO內(nèi)O糖苷酶,6翻譯后修飾,OVEREXPRESSION,WB,JBIOLCHEM2002277973417,MDA7/IL24蛋白可被糖基化修飾,MOLTHER20049335567,GLYCOPEPTIDASEF,LSN,7細(xì)胞內(nèi)定位,MOLTHER20049335567,IFC,MOLTHER20049335567,,QUANTITATIVERECEPTORBINDINGANALYSIS,JBIOLCHEM2002277973417,,,,IL20R2,IL20R1/IL20R2,IL22R1/IL20R2結(jié)合AP的活性高。,8受體,JBIOLCHEM2002277973417,CELLSURFACESTAININGASSAY,RTPCR,EXPDERMAT200615991–1004,CANCERBIOLTHER20032S23–S37,RTPCR,PCNC,CYTOKINE20084116–23,FACS,IFC,IL22R1/IL20R2IL20R1/IL20R2,IMMUNOLOGY2005114216670,CYTOGROWTHFACTORREV2003,1435–51,3前列腺4睪丸5卵巢6小腸7結(jié)腸,1MRNA表達(dá)譜分布在人的免疫系統(tǒng),NB,二、基因功能的研究,ONCOGENE2001207051–7063,CYTOGROFACREV20031435–51,?UNTREATEDIFNΒMEZ,24H,NB,ONCOGENE2001207051–7063,REALTIMERTPCR,在黑色素瘤惡性發(fā)展過(guò)程中,MDA7/IL24的MRNA表達(dá)水平逐漸降低,直至完全喪失。,PHARMACOLTHER20061113596628,KAPLANMEIERSURVIVALANALYSIS,CANCERCELLINTER20101029,2蛋白水平,IHC,CYTOKINE20084116–23,類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)滑膜,NC,SUBLININGMONONUCLEARCELLS,ENDOTHELIALCELLSOFBLOODVESSELS,CYTOKINE20084116–23,ELISA,免疫系統(tǒng)脾、胸腺、外周血白細(xì)胞特定細(xì)胞黑色素細(xì)胞、痣、早期黑色素瘤細(xì)胞、平滑肌細(xì)胞、皮膚成纖維細(xì)胞、皮膚傷口邊緣和基底類成纖維細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞腫瘤細(xì)胞50多種,無(wú)內(nèi)源性MDA7/IL24蛋白表達(dá)。,分布局限性,基因在靶細(xì)胞中的過(guò)表達(dá),ADENOVIRUS,JCELLPHYSIOL2007210254959,CAR檢測(cè)COXSACKIEADENOVIRUSRECEPTORS,FACS,WB,,,人正常卵巢上皮細(xì)胞,卵巢癌細(xì)胞,靶細(xì)胞中重組蛋白的檢測(cè),WB,卵巢癌細(xì)胞,MOLCANCER20076111,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756205–215,,7D,3細(xì)胞活力,CRYSTALVIOLETSTAINING,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,TRAIL腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)的凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體,MOLMED200174271282,TRYPANBLUEEXCLUSIONASSAY,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756205–215,TRYPANBLUEEXCLUSIONASSAY,,ADMDA7能夠降低腫瘤細(xì)胞的活力。,特異性抑制多種腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),4體外抑瘤活性細(xì)胞增殖,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,MTT,3HTHYMIDINEASSAY,MOLMED200174271282,,,CANCERRES2006661681828191,COLONYFORMATION,缺失信號(hào)肽的突變體SPMDA7具有抗瘤活性,CANCERRES2004642988–2993,WB,MTT,MATRIGELINVASIONASSAY,COLONYFORMATION,C8161,C8161,CANCERRES2004642988–2993,XENOGRAFTTUMORSINNUDEMICE,5體內(nèi)抑瘤活性,,SW620,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,CANCERBIOLTHER20032S23–S37,,SW620,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,XENOGRAFTTUMORSINNUDEMICE,IHC,NOAB1,IL24,CANCERGENETHER2006131011–1022,SUBCUTANEOUSSW620TUMORS,抗瘤活性源自MDA7/IL24蛋白的表達(dá),MOLCANCER20076111,MDAH2774TUMORBEARINGANIMAL,PHARMACOLTHER20061113596628,特異性抑制多種腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),MDAMB453,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756205–215,HUVEC,ONCOGENE20022129455866,5細(xì)胞周期分析,FACS,使腫瘤細(xì)胞G2/M期阻滯,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756205–215,WB,6細(xì)胞凋亡,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,FACSANALYSIS,PISTAINING,,ANNEXINVSTAINING,MOLMED200174271–282,,FO1CELLSSB203580P38MARK的抑制劑,DNALADDER,PNAS20029910054–10059,TUNEL,PBS,IL24,CANCERGENETHER2006131011–1022,SUBCUTANEOUSSW620TUMORS,H1299TUMORBEARINGANIMAL,ONCOGENE2002214558–4566,IHC,TUNEL,PCR,RTPCR,IHC,TUNEL,TUNEL,MCF7,MOLMED200174271282,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756205–215,CASPASE3ANALYSIS,MDAMB453,人正常卵巢上皮細(xì)胞,卵巢癌細(xì)胞,CASPASE3、CASPASE8和PARP被切割,MOLCANCER20076111,腺病毒感染結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞48H后,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,,,,肺癌細(xì)胞,JCELLPHYSIOL2007210254959,具有劑量依賴效應(yīng),ZVADFMKCASPASE的廣譜抑制劑,CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,,,保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受凋亡,與BCL2家族基因相關(guān),CANCERGENETHER20061311101122,刺激特定細(xì)胞凋亡,參與CASPASE9活化和自切割,腺病毒感染結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞48H,HUVECADMDA7,HUVECADMDA7MATRIGEL,ONCOGENE20022129455866,TUBEFORMATION,7抗血管形成作用,抑制內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞形成管狀結(jié)構(gòu),ONCOGENE20022129455866,血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物表達(dá)降低,H1299TUMORBEARINGANIMALS,1P38MAPK途徑,三、作用機(jī)制,MOLCANCER20076111,WB,PKRDOUBLESTRANDEDRNAACTIVATEDPROTEINKINASE,,PNAS20029915100549,SBP38MARK抑制劑P38DNP38負(fù)顯性突變體,黑色素瘤細(xì)胞FO1,,,,,PNAS20029915100549,NB,WB,GADD生長(zhǎng)阻滯和DNA損傷誘導(dǎo)的基因,,,,,NB,WB,3D,PNAS20029915100549,ANTISENSE,MTT,PNAS20029915100549,ADVECWHITEBARSADMDA7BLACKBARS,P38MAPK途徑和GADD家族成員的關(guān)系,PNAS20029915100549,2PI3K信號(hào)途徑,MOLTHER20038220719,H1299/ADMDA72400CDNA,MICROARRAY,MOLTHER20038220719,WB,H1299,TRYPANBLUEEXCLUSIONASSAY,MOLTHER20038220719,,,BIOTECHNIQUES2002SUPPL30–39,3選擇性誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡具有多種機(jī)制,CANCERRES2004642988–2993,CANCERRES200363238138–8144,MDA7蛋白誘導(dǎo)前列腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的可能機(jī)制,CANCERRES200565221012810138,四、臨床應(yīng)用研究,CANCERRES200565221012810138,CYCLE1DAY30,Ⅰ期臨床試驗(yàn)證明MDA7/IL24使用安全、有臨床療效。,INGN241重組腺病毒INTROGEN公司,Ⅰ期28例Ⅱ期進(jìn)行中,INGN241ADMDA7TREATMENTOFAMELANOMAMETASTASISINARIGHTSUPRACLAVICULARLYMPHNODE,MOLTHER2005;11,149–159,2ADMDA7/IL24與化療藥物聯(lián)合使用,抗體4D5,TRASTUZUMAB,HERCEPTIN,HER2HUMANEPIDERMALGROWTHFACTORRECEPTOR2,HER2轉(zhuǎn)移乳腺癌,30HER2有效,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,FACS,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,TRYPANBLUEEXCLUSIONSTAINING,LADLUC,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,ADMDA7/IL24HERCEPTIN,,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,HERCEPTIN1AND2MG/ML,TRYPANBLUEEXCLUSIONSTAINING,MCF7,MDAMB453,MDAMB453,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,與HERCEPTIN聯(lián)合使用,抗瘤效果更好,并擴(kuò)大抗瘤譜。,CANCERGENETHER2006131095868,MCF7HER18HER2OVEREXPRESSING,EGFREPIDERMALGROWTHFACTORRECEPTOR,EGFRWILDTYPE,ADMDA7+GEF,JCELLPHYSIOL2007210254959,,,MTT,GE?TINIBANORALLYACTIVESELECTIVEREVERSIBLEINHIBITOROFTHEEGFRTYROSINEKINASE,JCELLPHYSIOL2007210254959,與GEFITINIB聯(lián)合使用,抗瘤效果提高。,JCELLPHYSIOL2007210254959,SMDA7/IL24,1抑制血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞成管能力,CANCERRES20036316510513,3基因工程重組MDA7/IL24蛋白藥物,CANCERRES20036316510513,CANCERRES20036316510513,CANCERBIOLTHER20032S23–S37,裸鼠,CANCERRES20036316510513MOLTHER200511572433,MDAMB4543,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756220515,具有體內(nèi)抑瘤活性,CANCERRES20036316510513,SMDA7/IL24的抗瘤活性與其受體相關(guān),CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756220515,SMDA7/IL24能夠抑制多種腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖,并誘導(dǎo)凋亡,CANCERIMMUNOLIMMUNOTHER200756220515,小結(jié),思考題,在日常生活中,你遇到哪些感興趣而又不知道答案的生命科學(xué)相關(guān)問(wèn)題請(qǐng)用假說(shuō)演繹法對(duì)其中的一個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析和探討。你如何理解研究思路和實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)之間的關(guān)系你認(rèn)為在公共實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該注意哪些問(wèn)題請(qǐng)從正、反兩方面說(shuō)明。在進(jìn)行PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)之前,你應(yīng)該做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)將MDA7基因CDS插入到真核表達(dá)載體PSECTAG2A中的上下游引物。,FIG1,7FIG2是PCR結(jié)果,每個(gè)泳道的模板不同,你如何改進(jìn)PCR條件使得AE樣品能得到特異性好的目的條帶,6你如何評(píng)價(jià)PCR電泳結(jié)果FIG1為什么如有問(wèn)題如何解決,FIG1,8你用熱激法將連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化到細(xì)菌中,LBAMP平板沒(méi)有克隆,請(qǐng)分析可能的原因。9WESTERNBLOT實(shí)驗(yàn)中的影響因素有哪些如果你得到的是沒(méi)有任何條帶的白板,你準(zhǔn)備怎么辦10一位同學(xué)未能將PCR產(chǎn)物連入表達(dá)載體,請(qǐng)分析可能是哪些環(huán)節(jié)出問(wèn)題,11實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有的試劑如下1MTRISHCL,1MKCL,TRITONX100,305MGCL2MW203;已知1反應(yīng)BUFFER中各試劑的濃度分別是10MMTRISHCL,50MMKCL,1TRITONX100,15MMMGCL2?,F(xiàn)在要配5ML的10反應(yīng)BUFFER,如何用現(xiàn)有試劑配制請(qǐng)列出計(jì)算過(guò)程。,12對(duì)于一個(gè)分子生物學(xué)的關(guān)鍵詞/術(shù)語(yǔ),你有哪些想法13就這次課的內(nèi)容,你認(rèn)為還可以從哪些角度進(jìn)行MDA7/IL24的研究請(qǐng)說(shuō)明你的理由。14如果你做某個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),三次都未得到你想要的結(jié)果,你準(zhǔn)備下一步怎么辦15我們實(shí)驗(yàn)課用過(guò)哪些儀器設(shè)備使用時(shí)最需要注意的分別是什么16請(qǐng)從講課內(nèi)容、時(shí)間安排和授課方式上,談?wù)勀銓?duì)“生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)”這門課程的建議。,謝謝,
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