簡(jiǎn)介：3350英文單詞，英文單詞，17500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文5300字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處DZIADOSZA,TOMCZYKA,KAPLI?SKIOFINANCIALRISKESTIMATIONINCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTSJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2015,122120128FINANCIALRISKESTIMATIONINCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTSAGNIESZKADZIADOSZ,ANDRZEJTOMCZYK,OLEGKAPLI?SKIABSTRACTRISK,ASAFACTORADVERSELYAFFECTINGTHEPROJECT,ISTAKENINTOACCOUNTASEARLYASATTHEFIRSTSTAGEOFTHEINVESTMENTPROCESSWHENTHETENDERISWONFORACONTRACTTHERISKLEVEL,IDENTIFIEDFORAPARTICULARCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACT,ISASERIOUSFACTORINFLUENCINGTHEDECISIONABOUTACCEPTINGTHECONTRACTORNOTTHEKEYISSUEISPROPERIDENTIFICATIONOFCONTRACTRISKTHERISKFACTORSWHICHHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHESUCCESSOFTHEPROJECT,ANDAREMOSTCOMMONONES,ARETHENANALYZEDTHEMETHODOFVERIFICATIONDEPENDSONTHECOMPANYSEXPERIENCEINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYTHETASKOFTHEARTICLEISTOPRESENTTHERESULTSOFSTUDIESFOCUSEDONSEPARATINGANDDETERMININGTHEFREQUENCYOFFINANCIALRISKFACTORSINCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSANDTHEIRIMPACTONPROJECTIMPLEMENTATIONWEHAVEANALYZED30CONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSOFFICEBUILDINGS,PRODUCTIONHALLS,EDUCATIONALBUILDINGS,DEMOLITIONWORKS,ETCCOMPLETEDINNORTHWESTERNPOLANDTHEDEGREEOFRISKPLANNEDANDREALFORTHECONTRACTWASSETASAPERCENTAGEINRELATIONTOTHESIZEOFCONTRACTCOSTSINMILLIONPLNTHEAIMOFTHESTUDYWASTOVERIFYTHEEXISTENCEOFRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEKINDOFSTRUCTURE,THESIZEOFCONTRACT,ANDTHESCOPEANDDEGREEOFRISKSTATISTICALAPPROACHHASBEENUSEDTHISSTUDYISAPRELUDETODETERMININGTHECONTRACTRISKSIDENTIFICATIONPROCEDUREIE,ESTIMATINGRESERVESTOBEUSEDINUNFORESEENCIRCUMSTANCESSOTHATTHECOMPANYCOULDBECOMPETITIVE,ANDTHEPRICEOFFERTOBEPROVIDEDTOINVESTORSCOULDBEADVANTAGEOUSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTS,RISKMANAGEMENT,FINANCIALRISK,DECISIONMAKINGPROCESSINCONSTRUCTIONPROJECT1INTRODUCTIONPROJECTPLANNING,IFITISTOBEEFFICIENTLYIMPLEMENTED,REQUIRESMAKINGANUMBEROFDECISIONSTHATHAVETHEIRFINALEINTHESMOOTHRUNNINGOFCONSTRUCTIONWORKTHISISPOSSIBLETHANKSTOEXAMININGAPROJECTFROMITSMANYASPECTSANDANGLES,ALSOINTERMSOFLIKELIHOODOFADVERSESITUATIONSIE,RISKFACTORSTHERISK,ASAFACTORADVERSELYAFFECTINGTHEPROJECT,ISWEIGHEDATTHEFIRSTSTAGEOFTHEINVESTMENTPROCESS,NAMELYATTHESTAGEOFWINNINGACONTRACTTHROUGHTENDERINVIEWOFTHESITUATIONINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRY,WHERETHEMAINAIMISTOMINIMIZETHECOSTSOFCONSTRUCTIONWORK,ASWELLASTOGRADUALLYDECREASETHEPRICESFORCONSTRUCTIONWORK,PROCURINGANOFFERFORCONSTRUCTIONWORKISVERYDIFFICULTONTHEONEHAND,ACONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYTRIESTOMAXIMIZETHEPROFITINORDERTOSECUREFUNDSFORNEWINVESTMENTS,ANDCOVERPOSSIBLEEXPENSESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEOCCURRENCEOFRISKFACTORSDURINGCONSTRUCTIONONTHEOTHERHAND,ACONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYTRIESTOBECOMPETITIVEANDTRIESGIVETHEINVESTORTHEBESTPRICEOFFERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONARISES–ATWHATLEVELRISKSHOULDBETAKENINCASEOFAPARTICULARCONTRACTINORDERTOWINTHETENDERANDTOSECUREFUNDINGFORRISKSWHICHAREVERYDIFFICULTTOASSESSINTHECOURSEOFPROJECTIMPLEMENTATION,DIFFERENTSITUATIONSMAYOCCURWHICH,ATFIRSTGLANCE,MAYSEEMUNFAVOURABLEBUT,INCONSEQUENCE,MAYBRINGFINANCIALSAVINGSDUETOTHECHANGESOFCONSTRUCTIONTECHNIQUES,WORKSCOPEORCHANGESINORGANIZATIONCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESUSUALLYANALYZEMOSTCOMMONRISKFACTORS,ANDEXCLUDEDFROMTHEAGREEMENTYOUCANALSOAGREEWITHINVESTORSTHATINCLUDINGRISKSINTHECOSTISANUNNECESSARYMULTIPLICATIONOFCOSTSANDANUNNECESSARYBURDENONTHEBUDGETOFTHEPROJECTITCONCERNSCASESWHERERISKSMAYNOTOCCURATALLORTHEOCCURRENCEOFRISKSCANBEREDUCEDINCOLLABORATIONWITHTHEINVESTORTHEMOSTCOMMONTYPESOFCONTRACTSAREALUMPSUMCONTRACT,AQUANTITYSURVEYCONTRACT,ANDGMPGUARANTEEDMAXIMUMPRICECONTRACTTHEFIRSTISUSEDQUITEOFTENBYPRIVATEINVESTORSANDALMOSTALWAYSBYTHEPUBLICINVESTORSINPRINCIPLE,THECONTRACTORBEARSALLTHERISKSINTHISTYPEOFAGREEMENTAND,THEREFORE,THECONTRACTORSHOULDINCLUDEEVERYTHINGINTHEOFFERITISQUITEDIFFICULTBECAUSENOTEVERYTHINGCANBEPREDICTEDFIRSTLY,ITRESULTSINPRICEINCREASESINCETHECONTRACTORMUST,AFTERALL,PROVIDEADDITIONALFINANCIALRESOURCESTOCOVERTHEUNEXPECTEDCOSTSAND,SECONDLY,IFTHISISNOTDONEPROBLEMSWITHLIQUIDITYDURINGTHEEXECUTIONOFTHECONTRACTMAYOCCURINTHEORY,SUCHPROBLEMSDONOTCONCERNINVESTORS,BUTONLYAPPARENTLYWHENTHEREAREPROBLEMSWITHPROJECTFINANCING,THECONTRACTORSEEKSAREMEDY,USINGDIFFERENTALTERNATIVEPLANSUSUALLY,QUALITYSUFFERSOFTENTHEDEADLINEHASTOBESHIFTEDDESPITETHEUSEOFPENALTIESAGAINSTTHECONTRACTOR,LOSSESASSOCIATEDWITHTHESUBSEQUENTCOMPLETIONOFINVESTMENTSAREDIFFICULTTOESTIMATEANDDISPROPORTIONATETOTHEPENALTIESIMPOSED,OFTENLARGERTHANMAYSEEMFROMTHEPENALTIESACOURTSETTLEMENTASANOPTIONISNOTALWAYSPROFITABLECOURTPROCEEDINGSMAYBELONG,ANDTHEOUTCOMEUNCERTAININACONTRACTBASEDONUNITPRICES,SERIOUSRISKSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEQUANTITIESOFMATERIALSANDLABOURAREMARGINALITGREATLYFACILITATESSUBMITTINGTHEOFFERANDMINIMIZESTHERISKSERRORSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBILLOFQUANTITIESOCCURINAHALFTHESTUDIEDCONTRACTSIN30ANALYZEDCASES,ERRORSOCCURREDIN16REPRESENTING533,WHILEFOR29CONTRACTS,ITWAS5152THELEASTRISKSAREASSOCIATEDWITHAGMPCONTRACTTHERE,WORKINGACCORDINGTOANOPENBOOKPRINCIPLE,THECONTRACTORANDTHEINVESTORCOLLABORATEINORDERTOOPTIMIZECOSTSANDJOINTLYSELECTSUBCONTRACTORS3RISKINACONSTRUCTIONPROJECTRISK,ORMEASURABLEPARTOFUNCERTAINTY,SHOULDBETREATEDASANOPPORTUNITYTODEVIATEFROMTHEDESIREDLEVELTHEREFORE,POSITIVEDEVIATIONACHANCEANDNEGATIVEALOSSMUSTBETAKENINTOACCOUN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簡(jiǎn)介：工程造價(jià)控制（8198）工程造價(jià)控制（形考四）_0003四川電大形成性測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共5道試題，共25分。）1工程量清單漏項(xiàng)或設(shè)計(jì)變更引起新的工程量清單項(xiàng)目，其相應(yīng)綜合單價(jià)由（）提出。A承包人B發(fā)包人C監(jiān)理方D審計(jì)人員參考答案A2工程量清單描述內(nèi)容的主要表現(xiàn)形式是（）。A文字B示意圖C表格D影象參考答案C3自中標(biāo)通知書(shū)發(fā)出之日起（）日內(nèi)，招標(biāo)人和中標(biāo)人簽訂書(shū)面合同。A15B28C30D60參考答案C4竣工驗(yàn)收后，因地震、洪水等原因造成了工程質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，應(yīng)由（）承擔(dān)參考答案B3進(jìn)度偏差為已完工程實(shí)際投資與已完工程計(jì)劃投資之差。（）A錯(cuò)誤B正確參考答案A4任何部分工程的標(biāo)高、位置和尺寸改變屬于工程變更的內(nèi)容。（）A錯(cuò)誤B正確參考答案B5表格法的信息量大，可以反映各種偏差變量和指標(biāo)，并且便于計(jì)算機(jī)輔助管理。（）A錯(cuò)誤B正確參考答案B6建設(shè)工程施工合同（示范文本）約定承包人應(yīng)在工程變更確定后28天內(nèi)提出變更工程價(jià)款的報(bào)告。（）A錯(cuò)誤B正確參考答案A7總費(fèi)用法是工程索賠計(jì)算時(shí)最常用的一種方法。（）A錯(cuò)誤B正確參考答案A8

簡(jiǎn)介：工程造價(jià)控制（8198）工程造價(jià)控制（形考二）_0001四川電大形成性測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1我國(guó)進(jìn)口設(shè)備采用最多的一種貨價(jià)是（）。AFOS價(jià)BCIF價(jià)CFOB價(jià)DFIB價(jià)參考答案C2工程造價(jià)可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項(xiàng)（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項(xiàng)目投資決策和編制設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報(bào)告是工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A3下列不屬于企業(yè)管理費(fèi)的是（）。A固定資產(chǎn)使用費(fèi)B辦公費(fèi)C工會(huì)經(jīng)費(fèi)D醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)施工圖預(yù)算的審查方法中（）又叫逐項(xiàng)審查法。A全面審查法B標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)算審查法C對(duì)比審查法D篩選審查法參考答案A8以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問(wèn)題，說(shuō)法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計(jì)原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計(jì)單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負(fù)責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負(fù)責(zé)參考答案B9下列哪項(xiàng)費(fèi)用屬于不可競(jìng)爭(zhēng)措施費(fèi)（）A社會(huì)保障費(fèi)B安全施工費(fèi)C夜間施工增加費(fèi)D財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)參考答案B10

簡(jiǎn)介：工程造價(jià)控制（8198）工程造價(jià)控制（形考一）_0002四川電大形成性測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1標(biāo)底是招標(biāo)人對(duì)建筑安裝工程的（）。A合同價(jià)格B實(shí)際價(jià)格C結(jié)算價(jià)格D預(yù)期價(jià)格參考答案D2材料的二次搬運(yùn)費(fèi)屬于（）。A現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理費(fèi)B企業(yè)管理費(fèi)C措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)D規(guī)費(fèi)參考答案C3材料入庫(kù)后到使用期間的損耗包含在（）內(nèi)。A材料原價(jià)B運(yùn)雜費(fèi)C保管費(fèi)D采購(gòu)費(fèi)C概算指標(biāo)法D單價(jià)法參考答案C8我國(guó)目前建設(shè)工程施工招標(biāo)標(biāo)底的編制，主要采用（）。A單位估價(jià)法和實(shí)物量法B定額計(jì)價(jià)和工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)C預(yù)算定額法和投標(biāo)平均法D單位估價(jià)法和綜合單價(jià)法參考答案B9某企業(yè)從銀行貸款10萬(wàn)元，年利率10，貸款期限為三年，按復(fù)利計(jì)算，到期后本利和為（）。A12B121C13D1331參考答案D10遇到下列哪種情況可以適當(dāng)報(bào)低價(jià)（）。A公司想打入這一市場(chǎng)的工程B專業(yè)要求高的技術(shù)密集型工程C投標(biāo)對(duì)手少的工程D支付條件不理想的工程參考答案A、判斷題（共10道試題，共50分。）

簡(jiǎn)介：工程造價(jià)控制（8198）工程造價(jià)控制（形考二）_0005四川電大形成性測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1在項(xiàng)目建設(shè)過(guò)程中，如果決策正確，（）是工程造價(jià)控制關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。A設(shè)計(jì)階段B招標(biāo)投標(biāo)階段C施工階段D竣工驗(yàn)收階段參考答案A2進(jìn)口設(shè)備運(yùn)雜費(fèi)中運(yùn)輸費(fèi)的運(yùn)輸區(qū)間是指（）。A出口國(guó)的邊境港口或車站至工地倉(cāng)庫(kù)B進(jìn)口國(guó)的邊境港口或車站至工地倉(cāng)庫(kù)C出口國(guó)的邊境港口或車站至進(jìn)口國(guó)的邊境港口或車站D出口國(guó)的供貨地至進(jìn)口國(guó)的邊境港口或車站參考答案B3設(shè)備購(gòu)置費(fèi)的組成為（）。A設(shè)備原價(jià)＋采購(gòu)與保管費(fèi)B設(shè)備原價(jià)＋運(yùn)費(fèi)＋裝卸費(fèi)C設(shè)備原價(jià)＋運(yùn)費(fèi)＋采購(gòu)與保管費(fèi)DFIB價(jià)參考答案C7工程造價(jià)可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項(xiàng)（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項(xiàng)目投資決策和編制設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報(bào)告是工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A8施工圖預(yù)算的審查方法中（）又叫逐項(xiàng)審查法。A全面審查法B標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)算審查法C對(duì)比審查法D篩選審查法參考答案A9以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問(wèn)題，說(shuō)法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計(jì)原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計(jì)單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負(fù)責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負(fù)責(zé)

簡(jiǎn)介：工程造價(jià)控制（8198）工程造價(jià)控制（形考二）_0002四川電大形成性測(cè)評(píng)系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1工程造價(jià)可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項(xiàng)（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項(xiàng)目投資決策和編制設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報(bào)告是工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A2按照工程造價(jià)的第一種含義，工程造價(jià)是指（）。A建設(shè)項(xiàng)目竣工結(jié)算B建設(shè)項(xiàng)目固定資產(chǎn)投資C建設(shè)項(xiàng)目流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)投資D建筑安裝工程預(yù)付款參考答案B3下列不屬于企業(yè)管理費(fèi)的是（）。A固定資產(chǎn)使用費(fèi)B辦公費(fèi)C工會(huì)經(jīng)費(fèi)參考答案A7設(shè)備購(gòu)置費(fèi)的組成為（）。A設(shè)備原價(jià)＋采購(gòu)與保管費(fèi)B設(shè)備原價(jià)＋運(yùn)費(fèi)＋裝卸費(fèi)C設(shè)備原價(jià)＋運(yùn)費(fèi)＋采購(gòu)與保管費(fèi)D設(shè)備原價(jià)＋運(yùn)雜費(fèi)參考答案D8以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問(wèn)題，說(shuō)法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計(jì)原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計(jì)單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負(fù)責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負(fù)責(zé)參考答案B9我國(guó)進(jìn)口設(shè)備采用最多的一種貨價(jià)是（）。AFOS價(jià)BCIF價(jià)CFOB價(jià)DFIB價(jià)參考答案C10