外文翻譯----俄羅斯入世對(duì)中國(guó)紡織品貿(mào)易的沖擊與影響

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)論文材料：英文文獻(xiàn)及譯文</p><p>　　課題名稱： 中小企業(yè)品牌戰(zhàn)略研究 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 楷體_GB2312 三號(hào) </p><p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名 </p><p>　　班 級(jí)

2、 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào) </p><p>　　指 導(dǎo) 教 師 </p><p>　　專業(yè)系主任 </p><p>　　完 成 日 期 二零一二年三月 </

3、p><p>　　Russian Accession To The WTO On China Textile Trade Impact</p><p>　　DAVID E. MILLS Texdaily/ Dec /2006</p><p>　　on November 19,2006,Russia and the United States signed a

4、bilateral agreement Russia, after years of efforts, Russia's accession to the WTO on the road to finally remove the greatest obstacle,if all goes well, the year 2007 is expected to become Russia's WTO membership

5、.</p><p>　　Textiles are China and Russia (Soviet Union) trade in traditional commodities, and China's main export commodities one. But after the breakup of the Soviet Union, by Russia gray customs clear

6、ance and other factors, the bilateral textile trade has been in chaos, I most large enterprises entered, the self-employed and SMEs to take a lead-ing role in Russia's business interests insecurity, commodities po

7、or reputation. Russia's accession to the WTO,trade environment willbe improved, I brought la</p><p>　　A Sino-Russian textile trade status </p><p>　　Russian textile exports is one of the majo

8、r markets, with the accelerated pace of Russia's accession to the WTO, I saw a big fluctuations.</p><p>　　According to customs statistics, in 2005 the Sino-Russian trade volume of textiles and garments t

9、o 6.218 billion US dollars, an increase of 35%. Within this total, China's exports to 6.213 billion US dollars, increasing by 35.4% and imports 4.8 million US dollars, down 21.6%.China's textile exports to Russi

10、a 47% of the total.</p><p>　　In 2006, bilateral trade has witnessed rapid growth runs counter to the trend, the bilateral textile trade has been a substantial drop49.8 billion dollars, a drop of 19.9%, basi

11、c for China's exports. Chinese exports to Russia share has dropped to 32%. Russia in 2005 from my first five largest export market retreated No. 7.</p><p>　　2, Russia textile trade the main problems

12、 </p><p>　　(1)Gray clearance</p><p>　　Gray clearance of the Chinese textile and apparel trade disorder causes. This directly caused the main issues include : One, in the interests of the Russian

13、 Chamber can not be guaranteed. The absence of legitimate goods clearance certificates, making the Russian Chamber of Trade as powerful departments arbitrary raids targeted heavy losses.2, the two sides statistics, the

14、differences do not reflect the actual trade. According to Russian experts estimated that will take about a year Russia impor</p><p>　　(2) Russia's unilateral actions have resulted in my training partner,

15、 2006 accompanied Putin on the training of the judiciary and the WTO intensified the pace Russia to rectify the market order has gradually expanded Show. </p><p>　　In 2006, Russia not only in the Moscow regi

16、on, but also in other regions of the big market for a number of raids. Meanwhile, the replacement of the Director of Customs, Customs officials over a gray customs clearance dropped. Due to the normal clearance impeded,

17、irregular clearance adds another surface, leading to direct Russian textile trade drop, some traders were forced to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan by other re-exports.In particular, Russia introduced late last year against fo

18、reigners engaged </p><p>　　(3)Russian accession to the WTO on bilateral textile trade impact </p><p>　　Russia's accession to the WTO, the immediate future, China and Russia will bring about

19、some textile trade shocks and fluctuations. The major reasons are :</p><p>　　1，A Russian trade environment has always been States complained that after WTO entry, to rectify the order of operation will be Ru

20、ssia's accession to the WTO after one of the top priorities. </p><p>　　2,The "China threat theory" and "Chinese immigrant" in Russian society and the officials are certain market, and

21、 foreigners are prohibited in the market for the wholesale business can be viewed as restrictions on Chinese participation in the Russian economy were the first step further measures taken remains to be seen.</p>

22、<p>　　3，Chinese businessmen from the Russian market after the wholesale business, in the short term, both can hardly establish new trade and way to be filled, will lead to direct bilateral textile trade has been shr

23、inking.</p><p>　　4, the Russian Customs policy changes at the implementation of standards throughout. After accession to the WTO will be increased adjustment and restructuring efforts. Foreign enterprises to

24、 adapt to the changes in Russian customs needs a certain period. </p><p>　　5, Russia's textile exports to mainly SMEs and the self-employed, in the face of Russia's accession to the WTO after th

25、e change, low adaptive capacity of enterprises will be forced to withdraw.</p><p>　　China textile trade in order to completely informal, and realize sustained and steady development in the long run, Judgment

26、 to the following factors :</p><p>　　1, The political situation in Russia and to maintain long-term stability and thrive, and severely punish corruption;</p><p>　　2, Russia will abide by WTO com

27、mitments to reduce import tariffs, the elimination of unreasonable fees; </p><p>　　3, Russia changes with the WTO standards and improve the customs and commercial laws and regulations to enhance transparency

28、. to ensure impartial law enforcement. </p><p>　　4, Russia trade environment rectification measures in place, reducing the size of the market trade, foreign trade to become normal. </p><p>　

29、　5, The Chinese and Russian customs, quality control, banking and transportation management and service trade cooperation between the departments to further deepen, create better it will be beneficial to bilateral trade

30、 environment. </p><p>　　6, Standardize border trade between China and Russia, to reduce its negative factors and implications. </p><p>　　7, Bilateral government departments to take positive mea

31、sures to promote timely strength of large enterprises to establish contacts direct trade cooperation. </p><p>　　(4) China and Russia are complementary to each other textile industry will exist for a long t

32、ime</p><p>　　Russia's existing textile enterprises 3000,but the scale of more than 60 enterprises only. The majority of small-scale, aging equipment, and three-quarters of the equipment over 20 years, l

33、ow productivity and high costs,far from being competitive products arrived in similar foreign products. Although the Russian government has issued 110 preferential policies for the development of the industry, but ha

34、s never been effectively implemented. Currently, the annual investment in the upgrading </p><p>　　According to incomplete statistics, there are Russian garment production of more than 200 enterprise

35、s, the main production midrange suits fashion police and the special tooling, clothing and other basic apparel imports. </p><p>　　By raw materials and labor resource constraints, coupled with a weak

36、foundation, the Russian textile industry is unlikely to rapid development. Meanwhile, as economic development, people's living standards improve, the demand for textile products will keep increasing. According to Rus

37、sian experts forecast that in 2010 the need 200-250 billion dollars of imports to meet domestic demand for textiles. </p><p>　　Chinese textiles because of the quality, grade, and so the prices are suitable f

38、or the needs of ordinary Russian people, Russia has long been the largest supplier of the market.From the Russian market my main competitors Turkey and Vietnam production, the short term can replace China. In addition, t

39、he two good political relations,intersectoral cooperation has been enhanced,to promote the sustained and rapid development of bilateral trade is the common aspiration of both active border trade an</p><p>

40、;　　China’s apparel industry has an intimate relation with theAsianmarket. 47.26% of the apparel export volume goes inside Asia,and91.02% of its import volume also comes from Asian countries.Thecooperation between China a

41、nd Asian countries has alsobeenstrengthened. The theme for the Asia Fashion Federation thisyearis the very focus Chinese apparel industry eyes on. Theculturalsource and creativity shared by all Asian countries istheimpor

42、tant precondition of the development of Asian Fashionindustryan</p><p>　　The textile industry in various countries in the national economy has always been a very important position in China's textile and

43、 apparel years to maintain high momentum of growth is still the world textile production and export's biggest. Since the 1980s, China's textile and apparel exports has been ranked first in its import and export t

44、rade surplus has become China's foreign exchange earnings and an important source of capital accumulation. However, we are not textile and garment export of s</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯：</b></p>

45、<p>　　俄羅斯入世對(duì)中國(guó)紡織品貿(mào)易的沖擊與影響</p><p>　　大衛(wèi) E .麥爾斯 </p><p>　　《紡織日?qǐng)?bào)》2006年12月刊</p><p>　　2006年11月19日，俄美簽署俄羅斯入世雙邊協(xié)議后，經(jīng)多年努力，俄羅斯入世道路上的最大障礙終于清除，如一切順利，2007年內(nèi)俄羅斯有望成為WTO正式成員。&l

46、t;/p><p>　　紡織品是中俄（蘇）貿(mào)易的傳統(tǒng)商品，也是中方出口的主要商品之一。但由于蘇聯(lián)解體后，受俄羅斯灰色清關(guān)等因素影響，雙邊紡織品貿(mào)易一直處于混亂無(wú)序之中，我大型企業(yè)絕大部分未進(jìn)入，個(gè)體戶和中小企業(yè)充當(dāng)主角，在俄羅斯企業(yè)利益無(wú)保障，商品聲譽(yù)欠佳。</p><p>　　俄羅斯加入世貿(mào)組織，貿(mào)易環(huán)境將有所改善，為我大型企業(yè)進(jìn)入帶來(lái)了曙光。</p><p>　　一、

47、中俄紡織品貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　俄羅斯是我紡織品出口主要市場(chǎng)之一，隨著俄羅斯入世步伐加快，我出口出現(xiàn)了較大波動(dòng)。</p><p>　　據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2005年中俄紡織品服裝貿(mào)易額為62.18億美元，增長(zhǎng)35%。其中，中方出口62.13億美元，增長(zhǎng)35.4%，進(jìn)口480萬(wàn)美元，下降21.6%。紡織品占中國(guó)對(duì)俄羅斯出口總額的47%。2006年，與兩國(guó)貿(mào)易快速增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)背道而馳，雙邊紡織品

48、貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)大幅下降，為49.8億美元，下降19.9%,基本為中方出口。在中國(guó)對(duì)俄羅斯出口中所占份額也下降到32%。俄羅斯從2005年我第5大出口市場(chǎng)退到第7位。</p><p>　　二、中俄紡織品貿(mào)易中存在的主要問(wèn)題</p><p><b>　?。ㄒ唬┗疑尻P(guān)</b></p><p>　　灰色清關(guān)是中俄紡織品服裝貿(mào)易秩序混亂的根源。由此直接引發(fā)的

49、最主要問(wèn)題包括：</p><p>　　1、在俄華商的利益無(wú)法得到保障。</p><p>　　由于得不到商品合法清關(guān)憑證，使得華商商品成為俄羅斯強(qiáng)力部門任意查抄的對(duì)象，損失慘重。</p><p>　　2、雙方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字差異巨大，未能反映實(shí)際貿(mào)易情況。據(jù)俄羅斯有關(guān)專家估計(jì)，目前俄羅斯每年大約需進(jìn)口150億美元的紡織品服裝滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求。但俄羅斯海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2005年統(tǒng)計(jì)進(jìn)

50、口僅12.3億美元，其中服裝8億美元，并且全部從中國(guó)進(jìn)口，從其它國(guó)家進(jìn)口基本未有統(tǒng)計(jì)。2006年1－9月，進(jìn)口紡織品服裝12.3億美元（其中服裝10億美元）。</p><p>　　3、 中國(guó)大型企業(yè)不敢直接進(jìn)入俄羅斯市場(chǎng)。由于無(wú)法進(jìn)行外匯核銷和對(duì)俄羅斯貿(mào)易環(huán)境引發(fā)的市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)擔(dān)心，大型企業(yè)大多通過(guò)邊貿(mào)批發(fā)，或通過(guò)在俄羅斯個(gè)體戶銷售，一直無(wú)法成為雙邊紡織品貿(mào)易的主體。</p><p>　　4、

51、 商品信譽(yù)受到影響。由于沒(méi)有合法清關(guān)憑證，中國(guó)紡織品只能在市場(chǎng)上銷售，不能進(jìn)入專賣店或正規(guī)商場(chǎng)。同時(shí)，還常常被扣上“走私貨”的帽子。導(dǎo)致中國(guó)商品的形象和信譽(yù)一直不高。</p><p>　　5、 華商成為受攻擊對(duì)象。在俄羅斯打擊非法清關(guān)公司過(guò)程中，在俄羅斯華商容易受到牽連，成為走私的幫兇和被打擊的對(duì)象。</p><p>　?。ǘ┒砹_斯單方面整治行為導(dǎo)致我出口受阻</p>&l

52、t;p>　　2006年伴隨著普京對(duì)司法部門的整治力度加大和入世步伐加快，俄羅斯對(duì)市場(chǎng)秩序的整頓也逐漸擴(kuò)展。</p><p>　　2006年，俄羅斯不僅在莫斯科地區(qū)，而且在其他地區(qū)對(duì)大市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了多次查抄。同時(shí)，更換了海關(guān)署長(zhǎng)，多名海關(guān)官員因灰色清關(guān)而落馬 。由于正常通關(guān)不暢，非正常通關(guān)又多面遇阻，導(dǎo)致中俄直接紡織品貿(mào)易下降，一些商人被迫經(jīng)哈薩克和吉爾吉斯等地轉(zhuǎn)口。 特別是2005年底俄羅斯出臺(tái)禁止外國(guó)人從事零

53、售業(yè)的政策后，大部分在俄羅斯華商對(duì)前景茫然，不敢貿(mào)然再進(jìn)貨。</p><p>　　三、 俄羅斯加入世貿(mào)組織對(duì)雙邊紡織品貿(mào)易的影響</p><p>　　俄羅斯加入世貿(mào)組織，近期內(nèi)，將對(duì)中俄紡織品貿(mào)易帶來(lái)一些沖擊和波動(dòng)。主要原因是：</p><p>　　1、俄羅斯貿(mào)易環(huán)境歷來(lái)被各國(guó)抱怨，入世后，整頓經(jīng)營(yíng)秩序?qū)⑹嵌砹_斯入世后的首要任務(wù)之一。</p><

54、p>　　2、“中國(guó)威脅論”和“中國(guó)移民論”在俄羅斯社會(huì)和官員中有一定市場(chǎng)，禁止外國(guó)人在市場(chǎng)上從事批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)可看作是限制中國(guó)人參與俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)的第一步，進(jìn)一步采取什么措施還有待觀察。</p><p>　　3、中國(guó)商人退出俄羅斯市場(chǎng)批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)后，短期內(nèi)，雙方恐難以建立起新的貿(mào)易方式和途徑予以彌補(bǔ)，將導(dǎo)致雙邊紡織品直接貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)萎縮。</p><p>　　4、俄羅斯海關(guān)政策變化不定，各地執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不

55、一。入世后，將加大調(diào)整和整頓力度。外國(guó)企業(yè)要適應(yīng)俄羅斯海關(guān)的變化需要一定時(shí)期。</p><p>　　5、由于對(duì)俄羅斯出口紡織品以中小企業(yè)和個(gè)體戶為主，面對(duì)俄羅斯入世后出現(xiàn)的變化，適應(yīng)能力低的企業(yè)將被迫退出。</p><p>　　中俄紡織品貿(mào)易要想完全走向正規(guī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)和穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，將主要取決以下因素：</p><p>　　1、俄羅斯政治局勢(shì)保持長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定，做到

56、政令暢通，嚴(yán)懲腐??；</p><p>　　2、俄羅斯能信守入世承諾，降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，取消不合理收費(fèi)；</p><p>　　3、俄羅斯按世貿(mào)組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn)修改并完善有關(guān)海關(guān)、商業(yè)等法律法規(guī)，提高透明度，保證公正執(zhí)法。</p><p>　　4、俄羅斯整頓貿(mào)易環(huán)境的措施到位，壓縮市場(chǎng)貿(mào)易的規(guī)模，使對(duì)外貿(mào)易走向正常。俄羅斯現(xiàn)有紡織企業(yè)3000家左右，但成規(guī)模的企業(yè)只有60多家。&l

57、t;/p><p>　　5、中俄兩國(guó)海關(guān)、質(zhì)檢、銀行和運(yùn)輸?shù)荣Q(mào)易管理和服務(wù)部門之間的合作進(jìn)一步加深，創(chuàng)造更好有利于開(kāi)展雙邊正常貿(mào)易的環(huán)境。</p><p>　　6、規(guī)范中俄邊境貿(mào)易，減少其不利因素和影響。</p><p>　　7、雙邊政府部門采取有利措施，適時(shí)推動(dòng)兩國(guó)有實(shí)力的大企業(yè)建立聯(lián)系，開(kāi)展直接貿(mào)易合作。</p><p>　　四、 中俄紡織業(yè)互

58、補(bǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)將長(zhǎng)期存在</p><p>　　俄現(xiàn)有紡織企業(yè)3000家左右，但成規(guī)模的企業(yè)只有60多家。大多數(shù)規(guī)模小，設(shè)備老化，四分之三的設(shè)備超過(guò)20年，生產(chǎn)效率低，成本高，產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力遠(yuǎn)不抵國(guó)外同類產(chǎn)品。盡管俄羅斯政府曾出臺(tái)輕紡業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)惠政策，但一直未得到有效落實(shí)。目前，每年用于設(shè)備更新的投資僅1億多美元。此外，除亞麻和少量化纖外，其余基本上依賴進(jìn)口，也制約了俄羅斯紡織業(yè)的發(fā)展。依據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，有超過(guò)200多家俄羅斯服

59、裝企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)中檔正裝及流行服裝和其他專業(yè)服裝以及基本的服裝進(jìn)口貿(mào)易。</p><p>　　受原料和勞動(dòng)力資源限制，加之基礎(chǔ)薄弱，因此俄羅斯紡織服裝業(yè)不大可能快速發(fā)展。同時(shí)，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，居民生活水平提高，對(duì)紡織品的需求還會(huì)不斷增加。據(jù)俄羅斯專家預(yù)測(cè)，2010年需進(jìn)口200－250億美元紡織品滿足國(guó)內(nèi)需求。</p><p>　　中國(guó)紡織品由于在質(zhì)量、檔次和價(jià)格等方面正好適合俄羅斯普通民眾需求，

60、長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是俄羅斯市場(chǎng)最大供應(yīng)者。從俄羅斯市場(chǎng)上我主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者土耳其和越南的產(chǎn)能來(lái)看，短期內(nèi)都無(wú)法取代中國(guó)。此外，中俄政治關(guān)系良好，部門間合作日益加深，促進(jìn)雙邊貿(mào)易持續(xù)快速發(fā)展是雙方的共同愿望，邊境貿(mào)易活躍、運(yùn)輸便利、人員往來(lái)頻繁等優(yōu)勢(shì)也是確保我長(zhǎng)期作為俄羅斯紡織品服裝最大供應(yīng)者地位的重要因素。</p><p>　　中國(guó)衣著產(chǎn)業(yè)與亞洲市場(chǎng)有著密切的關(guān)系。中國(guó)在2005年出口總額中47.26%在亞洲區(qū)內(nèi)，進(jìn)口總額中

61、91.02%來(lái)自亞洲國(guó)家，中國(guó)衣著產(chǎn)業(yè)正在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展同亞洲各國(guó)的合作關(guān)系。這次亞洲時(shí)尚大會(huì)探討的主題，正是中國(guó)衣著產(chǎn)業(yè)非常關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。亞洲各國(guó)間的文化淵源，以及當(dāng)代的創(chuàng)造力是發(fā)展亞洲衣著時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)，造福亞洲人民的重要條件。只要亞洲各國(guó)進(jìn)一步彰顯亞洲文化的魅力，加強(qiáng)交流合作，努力在產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步、設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新和培養(yǎng)亞洲本土品牌方面創(chuàng)造出不負(fù)時(shí)代的新業(yè)績(jī)，亞洲的衣著產(chǎn)業(yè)一定會(huì)為亞洲人民和世界人民做出新的歷史貢獻(xiàn)。</p><p&

62、gt;　　紡織行業(yè)在各個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中歷來(lái)占據(jù)非常重要的地位，我國(guó)紡織品服裝連年保持較高的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭，至今仍是世界紡織品生產(chǎn)和出口的第一大國(guó)。自上世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)，紡織品服裝在我國(guó)的出口商品中一直位列首位，其進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的順差成為我國(guó)外匯收入和資金積累的重要來(lái)源。但是，我們并不是紡織服裝出口的強(qiáng)國(guó)，長(zhǎng)期的低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使我國(guó)的紡織品沒(méi)有在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上站穩(wěn)腳跟。 2005年1月1日，配額制全部取消，這將有利于紡織品服裝進(jìn)一步拓展國(guó)際市場(chǎng)減少進(jìn)口國(guó)對(duì)

63、我國(guó)出口的種種限制。雖然我國(guó)在勞動(dòng)力上有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位，但在生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理和生產(chǎn)成本方面還處于劣勢(shì)，加上世界經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的不明朗以及全球紡織品服裝貿(mào)易格局的變化，無(wú)配額時(shí)代中國(guó)的紡織品服裝出口將面臨國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的重壓和嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。如何迎接挑戰(zhàn)把握機(jī)遇，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大紡織品服裝出口，這是直接影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和外匯平衡的重要又迫切的問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)紡織業(yè)的近幾年的現(xiàn)狀及面臨新問(wèn)題的分析，探討中國(guó)紡織業(yè)應(yīng)該如何把握機(jī)遇、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，做出合理的