數(shù)控技術及其產業(yè)發(fā)展外文翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文文獻翻譯

1、<p>　　2009屆學生畢業(yè)論文（設計） 存檔編號：__________</p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　題目：數(shù)控技術及其產業(yè)發(fā)展 </p><p>　　部 （系） __</p><p>　

2、　專 業(yè) </p><p>　　姓 名 </p><p>　　學 號 </p><p>　　指導教師 </p><p>　　20**年 月 日</p><p>　

3、　1. About numerical control system design development gauge</p><p>　　As noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countri

4、es such as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open sys

5、tem (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, h</p><p>　　2 .About the numerical control standard</p><

6、p>　　The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt

7、 G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can''t meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern numerical control more and mo

8、re already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system s</p><p>　　The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the

9、 whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, N

10、C processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a directi</p><p>　　At present, American-European countries

11、 pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this

12、 plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exc

13、hange of machine tool</p><p>　　3．Pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country</p><p>　　The technology of numerical control of our country

14、 started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countries bloc

15、kade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow. During " Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Perio

16、d " of the country in sec</p><p>　　Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all h

17、as made following achievements.</p><p>　　a. Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country kno

18、w from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is c

19、ommercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.</p><p>　　a.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundati

20、on that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical contro

21、l etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a batch of servo systems and first machine tool plant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory </p><p>　　b.Have set up research

22、 of a numerical control, development , managerial talent''s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will

23、 realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level e

24、specially in industrialization. Though very fa</p><p>　　a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and s

25、ophisticated technology.</p><p>　　b.At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level

26、of production and form a complete set ability to be lower; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high,the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up one''s own brand effect yet

27、 in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence. </p><p>　　c.At the ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical control research and development of technology, engi

28、neered ability weaker; Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.</p><p>　　It is analyzed that the mai

29、n reason for having disparity described above has the following several respect.</p><p>　　a.Realize the respect. Know to domestic numerical control industry process arduousness , complexity and long-term cha

30、racteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and ability o

31、f numerical control of our country. </p><p>　　b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthet

32、ically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact related system , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.</p><p>　　c.Mechanis

33、m. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned th

34、e ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numeric

35、al control system new standard study enoughly.</p><p>　　4. Strategic thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop</p><p>　　4.1 Strategic considerat

36、ion</p><p>　　Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key te

37、chnology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward " the empty core ". We regard resource , environment , market

38、as cost, possibility got to exchange " assemble the centre ", but not master the status of the m</p><p>　　We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technol

39、ogy of numerical control and industry''s question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing ind

40、ustry not only can improve the people''s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of nationa</p><

41、;p>　　4.2 Development tactics</p><p>　　Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national econo

42、my as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support te

43、chnology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and s</p><p>　　Emphasize market demand is a direction, take terminal products of numerical control

44、 as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized

45、 machinery , key industry key equipment ,etc. ) drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability in (digi</p><p>　　

46、In equipping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of end user, regard " obtaining, using, selling " as

47、the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing tec

48、hnology and products with independent intellectual property right befo</p><p>　　1.關于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設計開發(fā)規(guī)范</p><p>　　開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有更好的通用性、柔性、適應性、擴展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計劃，并進行開放式體系結構數(shù)控系統(tǒng)規(guī)范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界

49、3個最大的經濟體在短期內進行了幾乎相同的科學計劃和規(guī)范的制定，預示了數(shù)控技術的一個新的變革時期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進行中國的ONC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。</p><p><b>　　2.關于數(shù)控標準</b></p><p>　　數(shù)控標準是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。數(shù)控技術誕生后的50年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983標準，即采用G，M代碼描述如

50、何（how）加工，其本質特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術高速發(fā)展的需要。為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC系統(tǒng)標準ISO14649（STEP－NC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性機制，能夠描述產品整個生命周期內的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實現(xiàn)整個制造過程，乃至各個工業(yè)領域產品信息的標準化。</p><p>　　STEP-NC的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術領域的一次革命，對于數(shù)控技術的發(fā)展乃至

51、整個制造業(yè)，將產生深遠的影響。首先，STEP-NC提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在單個計算機上。而在新標準下，NC程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術開放式、網(wǎng)絡化發(fā)展的方向。其次，STEP-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還可大大減少加工圖紙（約75％）、加工程序編制時間（約35％）和加工時間（約50％）。</p><p>　　目前，歐美國家非常重視STEP-NC的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了STEP-NC的I

52、MS計劃(1999.1.1～2001.12.31)。參加這項計劃的有來自歐洲和日本的20個CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用戶、廠商和學術機構。美國的STEPTools公司是全球范圍內制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機床加工信息交換的超級模型(SuperModel)，其目標是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經在配備了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及歐洲OSACA-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機上進行了驗證。

53、</p><p>　　3.對我國數(shù)控技術及其產業(yè)發(fā)展的基本估計 </p><p>　　我國數(shù)控技術起步于1958年，近50年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為3個階段：第一階段從1958年到1979年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術封鎖和我國的基礎條件的限制，數(shù)控技術的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期，即引進技術，消化吸收，初步建立起國產化體系階段。在

54、此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善，我國數(shù)控技術的研究、開發(fā)以及在產品的國產化方面都取得了長足的進步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間，即實施產業(yè)化的研究，進入市場競爭階段。在此階段，我國國產數(shù)控裝備的產業(yè)化取得了實質性進步。在“九五”末期，國產數(shù)控機床的國內市場占有率達50％，配國產數(shù)控系統(tǒng)（普及型）也達到了10％。</p><p>　　縱觀我國數(shù)控技術近50年的發(fā)

55、展歷程，特別是經過4個5年計劃的攻關，總體來看取得了以下成績。</p><p>　　a.奠定了數(shù)控技術發(fā)展的基礎，基本掌握了現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術。我國現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅動、數(shù)控主機、專機及其配套件的基礎技術，其中大部分技術已具備進行商品化開發(fā)的基礎，部分技術已商品化、產業(yè)化。</p><p>　　b.初步形成了數(shù)控產業(yè)基地。在攻關成果和部分技術商品化的基礎上，建立了諸如華中數(shù)控、航

56、天數(shù)控等具有批量生產能力的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產廠。蘭州電機廠、華中數(shù)控等一批伺服系統(tǒng)和伺服電機生產廠以及北京第一機床廠、濟南第一機床廠等若干數(shù)控主機生產廠。這些生產廠基本形成了我國的數(shù)控產業(yè)基地。</p><p>　　c.建立了一支數(shù)控研究、開發(fā)、管理人才的基本隊伍。</p><p>　　雖然在數(shù)控技術的研究開發(fā)以及產業(yè)化方面取得了長足的進步，但我們也要清醒地認識到，我國高端數(shù)控技術的研究開發(fā)，尤

57、其是在產業(yè)化方面的技術水平現(xiàn)狀與我國的現(xiàn)實需求還有較大的差距。雖然從縱向看我國的發(fā)展速度很快，但橫向比（與國外對比）不僅技術水平有差距，在某些方面發(fā)展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的數(shù)控裝備的技術水平差距有擴大趨勢。從國際上來看，對我國數(shù)控技術水平和產業(yè)化水平估計大致如下。</p><p>　　a.技術水平上，與國外先進水平大約落后10～15年，在高精尖技術方面則更大。</p><p>　　b

58、.產業(yè)化水平上，市場占有率低，品種覆蓋率小，還沒有形成規(guī)模生產；功能部件專業(yè)化生產水平及成套能力較低；外觀質量相對差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；國產數(shù)控系統(tǒng)尚未建立自己的品牌效應，用戶信心不足。</p><p>　　c.可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力上，對競爭前數(shù)控技術的研究開發(fā)、工程化能力較弱；數(shù)控技術應用領域拓展力度不強；相關標準規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后。</p><p>　　分析存在上述差距的主要原

59、因有以下幾個方面。</p><p>　　a.認識方面。對國產數(shù)控產業(yè)進程艱巨性、復雜性和長期性的特點認識不足；對市場的不規(guī)范、國外的封鎖加扼殺、體制等困難估計不足；對我國數(shù)控技術應用水平及能力分析不夠。</p><p>　　b.體系方面。從技術的角度關注數(shù)控產業(yè)化問題的時候多，從系統(tǒng)的、產業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數(shù)控產業(yè)化問題的時候少；沒有建立完整的高質量的配套體系、完善的培訓、服務網(wǎng)絡等支撐體

60、系。</p><p>　　c.機制方面。不良機制造成人才流失，又制約了技術及技術路線創(chuàng)新、產品創(chuàng)新，且制約了規(guī)劃的有效實施，往往規(guī)劃理想，實施困難。</p><p>　　d.技術方面。企業(yè)在技術方面自主創(chuàng)新能力不強，核心技術的工程化能力不強。機床標準落后，水平較低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)新標準研究不夠。</p><p>　　4.對我國數(shù)控技術和產業(yè)化發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略思考</p&g

61、t;<p><b>　　4.1戰(zhàn)略考慮</b></p><p>　　我國是制造大國，在世界產業(yè)轉移中要盡量接受前端而不是后端的轉移，即要掌握先進制造核心技術，否則在新一輪國際產業(yè)結構調整中，我國制造業(yè)將進一步“空芯”。我們以資源、環(huán)境、市場為代價，交換得到的可能僅僅是世界新經濟格局中的國際“加工中心”和“組裝中心”，而非掌握核心技術的制造中心的地位，這樣將會嚴重影響我國現(xiàn)代制造

62、業(yè)的發(fā)展進程。</p><p>　　我們應站在國家安全戰(zhàn)略的高度來重視數(shù)控技術和產業(yè)問題，首先從社會安全看，因為制造業(yè)是我國就業(yè)人口最多的行業(yè)，制造業(yè)發(fā)展不僅可提高人民的生活水平，而且還可緩解我國就業(yè)的壓力，保障社會的穩(wěn)定；其次從國防安全看，西方發(fā)達國家把高精尖數(shù)控產品都列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物質，對我國實現(xiàn)禁運和限制，“東芝事件”和“考克斯報告”就是最好的例證。</p><p><b>

63、;　　4.2發(fā)展策略</b></p><p>　　從我國基本國情的角度出發(fā)，以國家的戰(zhàn)略需求和國民經濟的市場需求為導向，以提高我國制造裝備業(yè)綜合競爭能力和產業(yè)化水平為目標，用系統(tǒng)的方法，選擇能夠主導21世紀初期我國制造裝備業(yè)發(fā)展升級的關鍵技術以及支持產業(yè)化發(fā)展的支撐技術、配套技術作為研究開發(fā)的內容，實現(xiàn)制造裝備業(yè)的跨躍式發(fā)展。</p><p>　　強調市場需求為導向，即以數(shù)控終

64、端產品為主，以整機（如量大面廣的數(shù)控車床、銑床、高速高精高性能數(shù)控機床、典型數(shù)字化機械、重點行業(yè)關鍵設備等）帶動數(shù)控產業(yè)的發(fā)展。重點解決數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和相關功能部件（數(shù)字化伺服系統(tǒng)與電機、高速電主軸系統(tǒng)和新型裝備的附件等）的可靠性和生產規(guī)模問題。沒有規(guī)模就不會有高可靠性的產品；沒有規(guī)模就不會有價格低廉而富有競爭力的產品；當然，沒有規(guī)模中國的數(shù)控裝備最終難以有出頭之日。 </p><p>　　在高精尖裝備研發(fā)方面，要強調