汽車導(dǎo)航外文翻譯中英--汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　Automotive navigation system</p><p>　　An automotive avigation system is a satellite navigation system designed for use in automobiles. It typically uses a GPS navigation d

2、evice to acquire position data to locate the user on a road in the unit's map database. Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database.&#

3、160;Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain, a gyroscope and an accelerometer can be used for greater reliability, as GPS signal loss and/or </p>

4、;<p>　　Some sorts can be taken out of the car and used hand-held while walking.</p><p><b>　　History</b></p><p>　　Automotive navigation systems were the subject of extensive ex

5、perimentation, including some efforts to reach mass markets, prior to the availability of commercialGPS.</p><p>　　Most major technologies required for modern automobile navigation were already established wh

6、en the microprocessor emerged in the 1970s to support their integration and enhancement by computer software. These technologies subsequently underwent extensive refinement, and a variety of system architectures had been

7、 explored by the time practical systems reached the market in the late 1980s. Among the other enhancements of the 1980s was the development of color displays for digital maps and of CD-RO</p><p>　　However, t

8、here is some question about who made the first commercially available automotive navigation system. There seems to be little room for doubt that Etak was first to make available a digital system that

9、used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Etak's systems, which accessed digital map information stored on standard cassette tapes, arguably made car navigation systems practical for t

10、he first time.[2] However, Japanese efforts on both digital and analog systems preda</p><p>　　Steven Lobbezoo developed the first commercially available satellite navigation system for cars. It was

11、 produced in Berlin from start 1984 to January 1986. Publicly presented first at the Hannover fair in 1985 in Germany, the system was shown in operation on the evening news from the first German television channel in tha

12、t year. It used a modified IBM PC, a large disc for map data and a flat screen, built into the glove compartment. It was called Homer Alpine claims to have created the first aut</p><p>　　Honda clai

13、ms[4] to have created the first navigation system starting in 1983, and culminating with general availability in the 1990 Acura Legend. The original analogElectro Gyrocator system used an acceleromete

14、r to navigate using inertial navigation, as the GPS system was not yet generally available. However, it appears from Honda's concessions in their own account of the Electro Gyrocator project that

15、Etak actually trumped Honda's analog effort with a truly practical digital system, albeit one </p><p>　　Technology</p><p>　　Visualization</p><p>　　Navigation systems may (or ma

16、y not) use a combination of any of the following:</p><p>　　top view for the map</p><p>　　top view for the map with the map rotating with the automobile (so that "up" on the map always

17、corresponds to "forward" in the vehicle)</p><p>　　bird's-eye view for the map or the next curve</p><p>　　linear gauge for distance, which is redundant if a rotating map is use

18、d</p><p>　　numbers for distance</p><p>　　schematic pictograms</p><p>　　voice prompts</p><p>　　Road database</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p>

19、<p>　　The road database is a vector map of some area of interest. Street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded as geographic coordinates so that the user can find some desired destinati

20、on by street address .</p><p>　　Points of interest will also be stored with their geographic coordinates. Point of interest specialties include speed cameras, fuel stations, publicparking, and

21、 "parked here".</p><p>　　Contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up-to-date map.</p><

22、p>　　Physical Storage Format</p><p>　　The Physical Storage Format (PSF) initiative is an industry grouping of car manufacturers, navigation system suppliers and map data suppliers whose objective is the st

23、andardization of the data format used in car navigation systems, as well as allow a map update capability. Standardization would improve interoperability, specifically by allowing the same navigation maps to be used in n

24、avigation systems from 19 manufacturers. Companies involved include BMW, Volkswagen, Daimler,Renault, ADIT, Aisin</p><p><b>　　Media</b></p><p>　　The road dat

25、abase may be stored in solid state read-only memory (ROM), optical media (CD or DVD), solid state flash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map

26、 permanently stored in ROM that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, downloaded

27、0;from a CD or DVD via a computer or wireless connection (bluetooth, Wi-Fi), or directly</p><p>　　Some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their

28、 customers. These updates are often obtained from the vendor's website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a PC.</p><p><b>　　汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)

29、供汽車使用的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。它通常使用一個(gè)GPS導(dǎo)航設(shè)備獲取定位數(shù)據(jù)在單位的地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)找到道路上的用戶。使用道路數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，系統(tǒng)也可以使用這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)給沿公路的其他地點(diǎn)指點(diǎn)方向。在其數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中。因?yàn)槌鞘袓{谷或隧道可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致GPS信號(hào)丟失和/或多重路徑，這時(shí)使用來(lái)自連接到傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的傳感器發(fā)出遠(yuǎn)程信號(hào)的航位推算和一個(gè)陀螺儀、加速計(jì)可以提高可靠性。一些種類可以從汽車上拿下來(lái)，走路時(shí)拿在手中使用。</p><p><b&g

30、t;　　歷史</b></p><p>　　汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是廣泛的實(shí)驗(yàn)的產(chǎn)物，包括一些達(dá)到大眾市場(chǎng)的努力，以前商用GPS的可用性。</p><p>　　當(dāng)二十世紀(jì)七十年代通過(guò)電腦軟件支持他們的集成和增強(qiáng)的微處理器出現(xiàn)時(shí)，運(yùn)用到現(xiàn)代汽車導(dǎo)航的大多數(shù)主要技術(shù)已經(jīng)建立了。這些技術(shù)隨后進(jìn)行了廣泛的細(xì)化，并在20世紀(jì)80年代末通過(guò)時(shí)間探索多種系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的許多建筑系統(tǒng)到達(dá)了市場(chǎng)。在20世紀(jì)80年

31、代的其他增強(qiáng)的數(shù)字地圖是彩色顯示器和CD-ROM的數(shù)字地圖存儲(chǔ)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　然而,到底是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了第一個(gè)商用汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)仍存在一些質(zhì)疑。Etak通過(guò)地圖匹配來(lái)提高航位推算精確度數(shù)字系統(tǒng)首次做成了可用的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)，似乎沒(méi)有懷疑的余地。Etak的系統(tǒng),就是存儲(chǔ)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)盒式磁帶的數(shù)字地圖信息系統(tǒng),可以說(shuō)是使汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)第一次成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。然而,日本對(duì)數(shù)字和模擬系統(tǒng)努力都高于Etak的經(jīng)費(fèi)。</p>

32、<p>　　Steven Lobbezoo研制出第一臺(tái)商品化衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)車輛。它產(chǎn)生于1984年柏林開(kāi)始到1986年1月。第一次公開(kāi)展出是在在1985年德國(guó)漢諾威博覽會(huì)上，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的操作是在同年德國(guó)第一頻道晚間新聞上播出的。它使用一個(gè)改進(jìn)的IBM個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī),一個(gè)大的地圖數(shù)據(jù)和一個(gè)平坦的熒屏建成了儀表板，它被稱為荷馬。在1981年Alpine聲稱已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了第一個(gè)汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。不過(guò),根據(jù)公司自身的歷史時(shí)間表,該公司聲稱和本田汽車合

33、作已經(jīng)取得一種模擬汽車導(dǎo)航產(chǎn)品稱為Electro Gyrocator。在1985年這個(gè)工程的影響消除了。雖然有報(bào)道聲稱在1981年Electro Gyrocator已經(jīng)被經(jīng)銷商選用到本田雅閣,但是還不清楚是否實(shí)際的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)公布了,是否有顧客提到了裝備Electrio Gyrcator的雅閣車,甚至是否出現(xiàn)在任何單位經(jīng)銷商陳列室,本田的官方歷史似乎沒(méi)有聲明Electrio Gyrocator已經(jīng)被實(shí)用。</p><p&

34、gt;　　從1983年開(kāi)始本田聲稱已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了第一個(gè)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),并在二十世紀(jì)九十年代的Acura Legend上通過(guò)商業(yè)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)到鼎盛。因?yàn)镚PS系統(tǒng)尚未普遍使用，原模擬電子系統(tǒng)使用一個(gè)加速度計(jì)為慣性導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)航。然而,起于本田的在他們自己的帳戶Gyrocator電子工程上的讓步,Etak實(shí)際上夸大本田analog 與一個(gè)真正實(shí)用的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)模擬的作用,盡管其有效范圍的操作被適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)字化地圖數(shù)據(jù)所限制。</p><p>&l

35、t;b>　　技術(shù)</b></p><p><b>　　可視化</b></p><p>　　導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)可能使用（或沒(méi)有）下列任意組合:</p><p><b>　　.地圖的俯視圖</b></p><p>　　.隨著汽車旋轉(zhuǎn)的地圖俯視圖</p><p>　　.對(duì)地

36、圖或是下個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎像鳥(niǎo)一樣的視覺(jué)</p><p>　　.如果使用的是旋轉(zhuǎn)地圖，那么直線測(cè)量就是多余的</p><p><b>　　.里程數(shù)</b></p><p><b>　　.象形原理圖</b></p><p><b>　　.語(yǔ)音提示</b></p><p&g

37、t;<b>　　.道路數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)</b></p><p><b>　　.內(nèi)容</b></p><p>　　道路數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是某一關(guān)注區(qū)域的矢量地圖。街道名稱或編號(hào)和房屋編號(hào)作為地理坐標(biāo)編碼,使用戶通過(guò)街道地址發(fā)現(xiàn)目的地。</p><p>　　興趣點(diǎn)也通過(guò)他們的地理坐標(biāo)儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)。這些興趣點(diǎn)包括:速度攝像頭,加油站,公共停車場(chǎng),“停在這

38、里”.</p><p>　　這些內(nèi)容可以由用戶根據(jù)他們的車現(xiàn)有街道開(kāi)車和通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)的交流,還有免費(fèi)和持續(xù)更新的地圖為依據(jù)產(chǎn)生的。</p><p><b>　　.物理存儲(chǔ)格式</b></p><p>　　物理存儲(chǔ)格式(PSF)倡議是一個(gè)工業(yè)集團(tuán)的汽車制造商,供應(yīng)商和地圖導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商,其目標(biāo)是那些數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的數(shù)據(jù)格式用于汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),以及允許地圖

39、更新的能力。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化將改善互用性,特別是通過(guò)允許相同的導(dǎo)航地圖用于導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。參與公司包括寶馬、大眾、戴姆勒、雷諾、硐,Aisin亞歷山大-伍爾茲,Alpine Electronics、Navigon、博世、電裝、三菱、貝克?哈爾曼、松下、PTV,大陸航空公司, Clarion,Navteq、Tele Atlas 和Zenrin。</p><p><b>　　.媒體</b></p>

40、<p>　　道路數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可能是儲(chǔ)存在固態(tài)只讀存儲(chǔ)器(ROM)、光學(xué)媒體(CD或DVD)、固態(tài)快閃記憶體、磁性媒體(硬盤),或者兩者兼有。一個(gè)共同的計(jì)劃是有一個(gè)基地圖永久儲(chǔ)存在ROM中，這樣可以為用戶感興趣的地區(qū)增強(qiáng)詳細(xì)的信息。ROM是在工廠中編程的;其他媒體可能是預(yù)編程序,通過(guò)電腦或無(wú)線連接(藍(lán)牙技術(shù)、無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò))從CD或DVD下載,或者直接利用一個(gè)讀卡器。</p><p>　　一些導(dǎo)航設(shè)備制造商為他們的