理論基礎(chǔ) ppt課件

1、活學(xué)活用451-480,我完全不知道那個事情。I am in the dark about it.真理終究會贏的。Truth will win in the long run.他講的大體上是有道理的。In the main/in principle/by and large what he says is reasonable.我以正義的名義向你請求。I ask you in the name of justice.說正

2、經(jīng)的，你打算干什么？Joking apart, what do you wish to be?,活學(xué)活用451-480,不用說，他是一個好學(xué)生。It goes without saying that he is a good student.勿踏草地。Keep off the grass.我們必須跟上時代。We should keep pace with the times.他是一個能見機行事的人。He is a man

3、 who knows the time of day.他們一家人總是早睡早起。The members of his family all keep early hours.,第二章 漢譯英的理論基礎(chǔ),,Introductory Words,Language is the carrier of a culture. It contains rich cultural information. Therefore translation

4、 is not merely to convert one language into another, it is also a communication activity which involves converting one type of culture into another. In the practical translation, the translator should apply effective tra

5、nslation strategies according to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures so as to achieve functional equivalence between the target language and the source language.,主要內(nèi)容,1. 漢英心理文化對比2. 漢英思維方式對語言形態(tài)的影響3. 段

6、落翻譯練習(xí),語言和思維相互依存，相互作用，互為表征。語言是思維的外殼，是思維的直接現(xiàn)實。它是表達、儲存和傳遞思維成果的工具。思維是語言的物質(zhì)內(nèi)容和表達對象。語言和思維方式具有一致性。,語言與思維的關(guān)系,中,西,科學(xué)文化,人文文化,倫理、道德；悟性、直覺、意象；好靜、內(nèi)向、守舊；求同、求穩(wěn)、重和諧等。,自然、科學(xué)、技術(shù)；理性、邏輯、實證；好動、外向、開放；求異、求變，重競爭等。,1.1 中國人重直覺與具象而西方人重理性與邏輯,人雨傘

7、日月從,manrainumbrellasun moonfollow,娃娃頭硬幣百褶裙連衣裙短襪回形針,pageboy style coinpleated skirtoverall skirt sockspaper clip,漢語重形象英語重功能,腳踏實地have a down-to-earth manner;do solid work調(diào)虎離山lure the tiger out of

8、 the mountains;lure the enemy away from the base,勢如破竹like splitting a bamboo; like a knife cutting through butter; with irresistible force如日中天like the sun at the high noonat the apex of one’s power/career,漢語以具體比喻

9、抽象；英譯時可直可意,一張報紙一把椅子一面鏡子一根棍子一盞燈一件外套一位客人一雙筷子,a newspapera chaira mirrora sticka lampa coata guesta pair of chopsticks,漢語量詞豐富生動形象 英語突出客體和數(shù)量,你有筆嗎？Have you got a pen?Have you got pens?Have you got any pen

10、s?Have you got some pens?Have you got the pen?Have you got the pens?,漢語表意較模糊英語表意較準確,單復(fù)數(shù)、虛詞、 詞類、句子成分……,,1.2 中國人重整體，西方人重個體,善欲人見，不是真善；惡恐人知，便是大惡。A good deed is no good deed if it is done for show.An evil deed

11、 is all the worse if it is covered up.,漢語重意合英語重形合,天造地設(shè)天涯海角縮頭縮腦四通八達十拿九穩(wěn)年富力強德高望重,created by nature, idealthe ends of the earthbe timidextend in all directionspractically certainin the prime of lifebe of noble

12、character and high prestige,漢語多用四字格,2.1 譜系,世界七大語系：印歐語系、漢藏語系、阿爾泰語系、閃含語系、德拉維達語系、高加索語系、烏拉爾語系,漢語：漢藏語系英語：印歐語系,2.2 類型,,分析型,漢語,英語,無屈折變化：名詞無單復(fù)數(shù)，動詞無時態(tài)，詞無陰陽變化，無詞綴，詞語組合成句依靠詞序和虛詞。,綜合型,有豐富的屈折變化,Synthetic vs. Analytic,A synthet

13、ic language is “characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships.An analytic language is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs

14、, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.,They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.他們告訴我，到年底，他們在一起工作就有三十年了。,2.3

15、意合與形合,從語言學(xué)角度來說，漢英語言間最重要的區(qū)別特征莫過于意合與形合的區(qū)分。(Nida)意合(parataxis)指詞語或句子間的連接主要憑借語義或語句間的邏輯關(guān)系來實現(xiàn)；形合(hypotaxis)則是指詞語或語句間的連接主要依賴連接詞或語言形態(tài)手段來實現(xiàn)。,我常見許多青年的朋友，聰明用功，成績優(yōu)異，而語文程度不足以達意，甚至寫一封信亦難得通順，問其故則曰其興趣不在語文方面。（梁實秋《學(xué)問與趣味》）譯文1：I have

16、come across a great many young friends, bright and diligent, do exceedingly well in studies, but they are rather weak in Chinese, even can’t write a smooth Chinese letter. When asked why, they’ll say they are not interes

17、ted in Chinese.,譯文2：I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese.

18、When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language. （張培基譯）,欣賞,孟子曰：“魚，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍魚而取熊掌者也。生，我所欲也；義，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取義者也?！盡encius said, “ I like fish and I also like bear’s paws. I

19、f I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go and take the bear’s paws. In a similar way, I like life, and I also like righteousness. If I cannot have the two together, I will give up my life to preserve right

20、eousness.”,水能載舟，亦能覆舟。As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.謙虛使人進步，驕傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit mak

21、es one lag behind.,車未停穩(wěn)，請勿上下。Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。Study hard, and make progress everyday.,2.4

22、 主觀與客觀,我突然想到了一個主意。An idea suddenly struck me.我從來沒有想過他這么不誠實。It never occurred to me that he was so dishonest.我們必須改進高校的教學(xué)方法。Teaching methods in colleges and universities should be improved.,2.5 動態(tài)與靜態(tài),我倒了一杯茶給他喝。I off

23、ered him a cup of tea.他能吃能睡, 就是不做事。He is a good eater and a good sleeper, but a bad doer.他既偷東西，又騙人。我要是你，就不跟他來往了。He is a thief and a liar. I would have nothing to do with him, if I were you.,2.6 具體與抽象,他通曉多種不常使用的外語，這使我

24、們大家感到驚訝。His familiarity with many rarely used foreign languages surprised us all.他們的生活遠不止政治、社會和經(jīng)濟問題，也遠不止一些柴米油鹽問題。There is more to their life than political, social and economic problems; more than daily necessities.,

25、2.7 螺旋與直入,巴菲特11歲時就開始炒股。Buffet began to speculate in stocks when he was only 11.全世界的科學(xué)家都在尋找凈化空氣、防治空氣受到各種有害工業(yè)廢氣污染的有效方法。The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean a

26、nd protect it from the pollution by all kinds of harmful industrial waste gases.,2.8 重復(fù)與替換,人與人之間、國與國之間離心離德，便產(chǎn)生了這些問題，人與人之間、國與國之間齊心協(xié)力，定能解決這些問題。Men and nations working apart create these problems; men and nations working t

27、ogether must solve them.,2.9 禮貌原則和合作原則,貴國尊府令堂高見高足敝校拙見,your countryyour residenceyour motheryour opinionyour studentmy schoolmy opinion,語用失效,2.10 篇章——主題突出與主語突出,憑窗站了一會兒，微微的覺得涼意侵人。轉(zhuǎn)過身來，忽然眼花繚亂，屋子里的別的東西，都隱在光云里。（

28、冰心 《笑》）Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Every thing in the room was blurred by a haze of

29、light.（張培基譯）,欣賞,We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but less time; we have more degrees, but less common senses; more knowledge, but less judgment; more experts, but more questions; more medic

30、ine, but less wellness.,欣賞,房子越來越大，家庭卻越來越??；便利的設(shè)施越來越多，自由的時間卻越來越少；學(xué)位越來越高，生活常識卻越來越薄；獲得的知識越來越豐富，對事物的判斷卻越來越缺少；所謂的專家一個接一個，問題卻層出不窮；發(fā)明的藥物一種賽一種，健康卻每況愈下。,NewsTranslation,According to a recent statistics, China's male populatio

31、n now outnumbers the female population by 36 million.The unbalanced gender population ratio nowadays is the accumulative result of Chinese people's gender preference and gender selection before birth, especially in

32、rural areas.Traditionally Chinese people have preferred to have boys to girls so as to carry on the family name. After the family planning policy was implemented in the 1980s, many families chose abortion so their only

33、child would be a son. This has resulted in the great gender imbalance after three decades.,最近的一份統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的男性人口已經(jīng)比女性人口多出了3600萬。 這種不平衡的性別比現(xiàn)象是由中國人長久以來的性別偏好以及在孩子出生前的性別選擇所導(dǎo)致的，這種情況在農(nóng)村地區(qū)更為嚴重。 傳統(tǒng)上，中國人重男輕女，喜歡男孩來繼承姓氏。自從20世紀80年代實