軟體生命周期模型瀑布

1、Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,Chapter 2軟體程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,學習目標,軟體程序簡介ETVXM架構 軟體程序的輪廓

2、預先開發(fā)程序 軟體開發(fā)程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,學習目標,軟體生命周期模型 同步與穩(wěn)定模型 無塵室程序模型 將通用軟體程序模型特殊化,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters &

3、Witold Pedrycz,軟體程序簡介,通用等級 精練等級 基元等級,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.1　軟體程序的等級與架構,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold P

4、edrycz,圖2.2　軟體程序的回饋系統(tǒng),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,ETVXM架構,最早由Watts Humphrey於1989年所提出 圖2.2中的裁定因子、效應因子與測量，定義出一個伴隨著回饋的「ETVXM程序架構」（Entry、Task、Verify、Exit、Measure）,So

5、ftware Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.3　回饋與ETVXM間的關聯(lián),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.4　預先設計的效應因子程序,Software Engineer

6、ing – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.5　設計的效應因子程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體程序的輪廓,軟體的驗證與確認 軟體進化 軟體生命周期程序,Software Engineer

7、ing – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.8　V&V程序的應用,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.9　軟體文件的進化,Software Engineering – An Engineerin

8、g Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.10　進化樣式的框架,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.12　SLCM的範例,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. P

9、eters & Witold Pedrycz,預先開發(fā)程序,概念探索 系統(tǒng)配置 分析功能 定義架構 取得欲開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的硬體與軟體需求,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體開發(fā)程序,需求：決定系統(tǒng)必須的功能、活動、風險與測試計劃 設計：確定系統(tǒng)的運算方式、明確的功能及結構 實作：

10、產生程式碼（source code）、文件及測試；確認與驗證,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體生命周期模型,瀑布、增量及螺旋式模型 系統(tǒng)風險評估 雙贏的螺旋模型 進化式模型 塑型式模型 物件導向模型 嵌入式系統(tǒng)程序模型,Software Engineering – An Enginee

11、ring Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.13　瀑布模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.14　增量式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F.

12、 Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.15　螺旋式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,表2.3　風險評估表,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pe

13、drycz,風險評估時考量的因子,不當事件可能發(fā)生的機率 p （0 <= p <= 1） 不當事件發(fā)生時，預估的損失 L（如：軟體瑕疵造成的損失、喪失生命的數(shù)量）,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.16A　雙贏的螺旋模型,Software Engineering – A

14、n Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.16B　雙贏的協(xié)商模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.17　進化式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Appro

15、ach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.18　軟體開發(fā)的塑型方法,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.19　物件導向生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Pet

16、ers & Witold Pedrycz,同步與穩(wěn)定模型,計劃階段 設計階段 穩(wěn)定化階段,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.23　同步與穩(wěn)定模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters &

17、; Witold Pedrycz,無塵室程序模型,Entry（進入）：展開工作前須符合的條件 Feedback（回饋）：對於一個工作，來自其它程序的輸入；工作的輸出作為其它程序之輸入 Task（工作）：須完成的是什麼，由誰、如何及何時去完成,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,無塵室程序模型,Veri

18、fication（驗證）：確認工作的完成，檢查工作產品是否符合規(guī) Exit（離開）：結束工作前須符合的結果、格式及準則 Measurement（測量）：必要的工作測量、輸出與回饋,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,將通用軟體程序模型特殊化,能引導軟體增量工作依序進行揭示展開工作所需要的細節(jié)