有關管理專業(yè)方面的外文翻譯--關于當前中國城市社區(qū)管理現(xiàn)狀的研究

1、<p>　　重 慶 理 工 大 學</p><p>　　文 獻 翻 譯</p><p>　　二級學院 管理學院 </p><p>　　班 級 109050202 </p><p>　　學生姓名 肖瑤 學

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4、　　年 月 日</b></p><p>　　關于當前中國城市社區(qū)管理現(xiàn)狀的研究</p><p>　　摘要:當中國城市社會經濟進入某一階段時，積極推進社區(qū)管理是一個不可避免的要求。目前,中國的社會經濟正處于全面發(fā)展的時期,在城市社區(qū)的管理方面仍不完善，有些問題急需解決。本文通過分析中國城市社區(qū)管理當前所面臨的一些問題,并提出有關相應的對策以加強和完善中國的城市社區(qū)管理。對

5、中國城市社區(qū)管理實踐的層面而言，這些建議有一定的參考價值。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：社區(qū)，城市社區(qū)管理，對策</p><p><b>　　一、引言</b></p><p>　　社區(qū)作為城市的一個基層組織，是城市的一個重要組成部分。隨著中國市場經濟體制的快速發(fā)展和進一步的深化改革，社區(qū)作為一個社會自治的基層組織，其獨特的社會功能和作用也越來越

6、明顯。社區(qū)管理作為城市管理的基石，在充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)群眾的力量,推進經濟社會共同進步方面起著十分重要和不可替代的作用。完善的社區(qū)管理也有助于構建和諧舒適的生活氣氛，進一步提高人們的生活水平和質量。因此，通過提高社區(qū)管理水平來加強和改善城市的現(xiàn)代化管理，正日益成為一個重要的手段。 </p><p>　　自從中國改革開放以來,社區(qū)管理越來越受到重視和關注，已經是城市現(xiàn)代化管理的一個基本特征。 因此,在進一步推進城市現(xiàn)代化

7、的過程中，我們必須積極轉變中心城市的管理方式，依照城市和地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代化水平分解城市管理的一些功能，通過社區(qū)管理這個平臺來提高城市的現(xiàn)代化管理水平。所以，如何改革舊的城市社區(qū)管理體制,建立一個新型的社區(qū)管理系統(tǒng)以滿足社會經濟發(fā)展的需要,使社區(qū)充分發(fā)揮其特有的社會功能對于城市的進一步發(fā)展,已經成為一項緊迫的任務。</p><p>　　二、當前中國城市社區(qū)管理中存在的主要問題</p><p>　　

8、目前,中國城市社區(qū)管理體制的改革,已經有了初步效果。但從構建新型社區(qū)管理系統(tǒng)的實踐中,我們仍然可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些存在于城市社區(qū)管理中的問題。它們主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：</p><p>　?。?）隨著“單位制”的消失，大量的城市工人和居民逐漸轉變?yōu)椤吧鐣恕被蛘叱蔀樽杂陕殬I(yè)者加強了城市的流動性。源自四面八方不斷增加的人口，使城市的人口結構越來越復雜，從而導致社區(qū)管理也越來越困難。</p><p>

9、;　?。?）失業(yè)的風險所帶來的自由就業(yè)導致的事實是：在某些社區(qū)，“貧窮階層”是不斷出現(xiàn)和擴大。他們的社會保障和福利，例如失業(yè)補償、醫(yī)療津貼、貧困家庭的兒童教育和社會撫恤金不能得到有效地保證。</p><p>　?。?）市民參與社區(qū)管理的意識不足。尤其缺乏關于社區(qū)建設的理解。在社區(qū)日常事務的管理方面，參與度也不足。</p><p>　　（4）社區(qū)管理的職能分工模糊。從橫向層面和縱向層面的角度

10、看，社區(qū)管理中存在著工作的不協(xié)調性?；鶎由鐓^(qū)組織的主體是相關的行政管理部門。他們把自己的精力和物質資源都投入到各自的工作中，但卻不能相互合作和相互協(xié)調，從而導致管理力度的分散。</p><p>　　（5）由于管理體制等各方面的原因，社區(qū)居民委員總是在政府部門的護航下，完善自身的建設和開展他們的工作。因此，城市社區(qū)要實現(xiàn)真正的自治，仍然會有很長很艱難的路要走。</p><p>　?。?）社會

11、公共管理和服務的作用并未在日常生活中充分發(fā)揮出來，加上基礎設施發(fā)展的不健全，沒有形成一個完整的體系。社區(qū)管理普遍存在著服務功能劣質、地址布局不合理和不便于民的問題。</p><p>　　上述提及的一些問題已經變成中國城市社區(qū)管理發(fā)展的障礙了。</p><p>　　三、中國城市社區(qū)管理發(fā)展的對策</p><p>　　中央政府已經為城市社區(qū)管理設定了相應的目標。要求如下

12、：</p><p>　?。?）符合城市現(xiàn)代化的需要，加強社區(qū)黨的建設和居民自治組織的建設，基于情感的歸屬，構建新的社區(qū)組織體系。</p><p>　?。?）為了滿足社區(qū)居民日益增長的物質文化需要，以社區(qū)服務的擴展為突破點，促進社區(qū)服務的網絡化和現(xiàn)代化。</p><p>　?。?）從根本上改革城市管理體制，建立符合社會主義市場經濟體制的社區(qū)管理體制和運行機制。<

13、/p><p>　?。?）堅持政府的指導和公民參與的結合，充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)的力量，合理分配社區(qū)資源，提高整個社區(qū)居民的素質和社區(qū)的文明程度。與此同時，努力構建新型現(xiàn)代化的社區(qū)。</p><p>　　為了達到上述目標的要求，提出以下幾點建議來解決中國城市社區(qū)管理發(fā)展過程中的相關的問題：</p><p>　　3.1嚴格依據民主的原則管理社區(qū)</p><p>

14、;　　建立最高權力機構——社區(qū)成員的代表大會，它的成員有社區(qū)所有居民選舉產生。它是一個決策機構，有權處理社區(qū)的重大事件，有決策和監(jiān)督的職能。通過自薦或者民主推薦，選舉產生主席和社區(qū)居民委員會的成員。社區(qū)居民委員會負責管理社區(qū)具體事務，并受到社區(qū)成員代表大會的監(jiān)督。而社區(qū)的協(xié)商組織機構是由著名的人物,全國人民代表大會、中國人民政治協(xié)商會議全國委員會的成員,社區(qū)的代表單位和居民組成的。通過談判議程，民主監(jiān)督，提出意見和建議，它能影響重大決策

15、和管理活動；另外，社區(qū)也應該設置一些詳細的規(guī)章制度來保障處理事務的公開性、服務的可信性、公眾的支持度等等。當條件成熟的時候，社區(qū)自治規(guī)則也應該保證社區(qū)依法自治的健康運行。</p><p>　　3.2完善社區(qū)組織管理的法律體系</p><p>　　建立具有法人資格的機構,比如按照法律法規(guī)成立的社區(qū)管理委員會，并給與它相應的權利和義務,明確劃分它的行為與政府的界限。</p>&l

16、t;p>　　通過法律法規(guī)成立各種各樣的委員會或社區(qū)的行政機構,為了讓社區(qū)充分發(fā)揮其有效作用，使相應的功能性組織行使權管理、檢查、監(jiān)督、懲罰的權力。</p><p>　?。?）設置相應組織的最大權限，通過法規(guī)使社區(qū)的各種組織相互牽制，并建工作的內部和外部的監(jiān)控體系以確保維護大多數居民的利益。</p><p>　　3.3 提高居民的自我管理意識的方法</p><p&g

17、t;　　政府應該尊重像居民委員會這樣的具有法律地位的基層自治組織，支持和保障居民他們的自治活動權力,引導代表居民討論社區(qū)居民關心的主題,并加強民主決策的權利。關于住宅區(qū)的建設等重大問題，應該提交給居民委員會或居民會議進行討論和執(zhí)行實施。此外,政府應該提高和加強社區(qū)的職責，并逐漸將這些職責轉移給社區(qū)。這不僅能增強社區(qū)成員對社區(qū)事務的注意力程度，也能減少政府不必要的負擔。</p><p>　　3.4積極促進社會福利的

18、社會化和培養(yǎng)社區(qū)的服務行業(yè)</p><p>　?。?）實現(xiàn)投資主體的多元化。采取國家,集體和個人的多渠道投資,建立一套擁有多種所有權形式的發(fā)展模式。</p><p>　?。?）實現(xiàn)服務對象的公共化。社區(qū)服務行業(yè)應該面對所有社區(qū)居民和不斷地擴大服務領域,服務范圍和覆蓋率。</p><p>　?。?）實現(xiàn)多樣化的服務方法。以一個更具成本效益的方式開發(fā)服務設施和社區(qū)福利的

19、網站,建立社區(qū)福利服務體系以滿足社區(qū)居民的多樣化需求。</p><p>　　3.5加強社區(qū)管理的人員隊伍建設以滿足城市現(xiàn)代化的需要</p><p>　　在城市社區(qū)的建設和管理中，人是最關鍵的因素。因此，在推進城市社區(qū)管理改革和構建城市社區(qū)的管理模式的過程中，管理團隊的建設是至關重要的。目前，城市社區(qū)的管理團隊與現(xiàn)代化的城市發(fā)展需求仍有很大的差距。主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：年齡結構、文化結構、

20、思想品質、服務和協(xié)調的能力等。因此，為了提高他們的整體素質，一方面，要加強現(xiàn)有管理人員的專業(yè)培訓；而另一方面，我們也可以通過引進人才來調整社區(qū)管理團隊，從而確保社區(qū)管理與城市的社會經濟發(fā)展相符合。</p><p><b>　　四、結論</b></p><p>　　伴隨著中國整個社會經濟的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,城市的現(xiàn)代化水平不斷提高。根據民主原則，城市社區(qū)的管理在政府在采取綜合協(xié)

21、調的基礎上，會逐漸形成一種自助和自我管理的模式。這種模式在未來的中國城市社區(qū)管理將是一個必然的發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1] Study on Current Situation of China’s Urban Community Management,Baoding, P.R.China,2005 Intern

22、ational Conference on Public Administration</p><p>　　[2]Facilitating Community, Enabling Democracy: New Roles for Local Government Managers .John Nalbandian.Public Administration Review.Vol. 59, No. 3 (May -

23、 Jun., 1999), pp. 187-197[3]David. H. The Future Role and Organization of Local Government. Birmingham: The Institute of Birmingham University, 1986: 89-90</p><p>　　[4]Mite Ethicon. The Spirit of Community:

24、 Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda. New York: Crown Publishers Inc, 1993: 77-79</p><p>　　[5]Urban Aging Community Building Problems, Causes and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Beibei Di

25、strict, Chongqing, China,2011 International Conference on Public Administration</p><p>　　Study on Current Situation of China’s Urban </p><p>　　Community Management</p><p>　　Abstract

26、 :It is an inevitable demand for actively advancing community management when China’s urban social economy enters certain stage. At present, while China's social economy is all-round developing, there are still some

27、urgent problems to be solved in urban community's management. Based on the analysis of current problems faced by China’s urban communities, this paper proposes some relevant countermeasures in order to strengthen and

28、 perfect the urban community management in China. The sugges</p><p>　　Key words : Community, Urban community management, Countermeasure</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　A community

29、is a cell and an important component of the city. With further deepening of the reform of urban economic system and the fast development of market economy of China, community, as a social autonomy organization at the bas

30、ic level, its unique social function is becoming more and more prominent. Community management, the foundation of city management, plays an extremely important and irreplaceable function to give full play to the strength

31、 of the community masses, advancing the economic</p><p>　　Since China’s reform and opening-up, the community management was being more and more regarded as the important and basic characteristic of urban mod

32、ernization management. So,we must shift down the center of city management progressively while continuing advancing city modernization, separate some functions of city management from city and district level in order to

33、raise the level of modernization management of cities based on community management. So how to reform the old urban community manag</p><p>　　2 Main problems existed in current urban community management of C

34、hina</p><p>　　At present, the reform of urban community management system of China has already had preliminary effect, but from the practice of constructing new-type community management system, we could sti

35、ll find some problems in urban community management. They are mainly shown in the following aspects:</p><p>　　As "system of unit" fades, large quantities of urban workers or residents have already

36、been transited to "social people" or freemen and the urban mobility is strengthened, the population from other places increases, the urban population structure is more and more complicated and the difficulty of

37、 community management is increased day by day.</p><p>　　The risk of unemployment brought by free employment led to the fact that in some communities, “under-privileged stratum” is appearing and expanding con

38、stantly. Their social security and social welfares like unemployment compensation, medical treatment subsidiary, aids for education of poor family's children and social pension could not be assured efficiently.</p

39、><p>　　People's consciousness of community is faint. They especially lack the understanding of community building and it is still insufficient for them to participate in the community's affairs.</p&g

40、t;<p>　　Functional demand is unclear in community management and it has caused incongruous work both on horizontal and vertical level. Communities at the basic level are directed by relevant administrative departm

41、ents. They put their energy and material resources into their own work only but fail to cooperate and coordinate with each other. Therefore, it has led to the scattering of strength.</p><p>　　Community resid

42、ent committees still have the tendency of administration in their self-building and carrying out of their work, so there is still a long way for them to go to be real autonomy.</p><p>　　(6) The functions of

43、social public management and public service are not given a full play and the infrastructure does not form a complete set. The problems of inferior service function, the unreasonable overall arrangement in the site and

44、 incomplete handy service for the people still exist generally.</p><p>　　Some above-mentioned problems have already become the obstacles for the development of urban community management of China.</p>

45、<p>　　3 Countermeasures for urban community management development of China </p><p>　　The central government has set corresponding goals for urban community management as the follows.</p><p&

46、gt;　　Meeting the needs of urban modernization, strengthening the construction of party and resident's autonomy organizations in communities, setting up new-type communities based on an emotion tie and structuring a n

47、ew community organization system;</p><p>　　Regarding the community service expansion as the tap, promoting community service networking and industrialization in order to satisfy the increasing material and c

48、ulture demands of community residents constantly;</p><p>　　Reforming urban management system at the basic level, setting up the community management system and operating mechanism in conformity with socialis

49、t market economy system;</p><p>　　Insisting the combination of government’s guidance and participation of the society, giving full play to community's strength, disposing community resources rationally,

50、improving the whole quality of the community residents and civilization degree of the community. Meanwhile, making great efforts to build the new-type modernized community. </p><p>　　At the request of above-

51、mentioned goals, suggestions should be put forward to some relevant problems of the development of urban community management in China:</p><p>　　3.1 Operating community according to the principle of democrat

52、ic autonomy strictly </p><p>　　Establish the highest authority- community's member's representative assembly which is elected directly by all residents of the community. It is a policy-making body of

53、 dealing with community's great affairs and has the decision and supervision function. Produce the director and members of resident committee of the community by representative assembly via self-recommendation, democ

54、ratic recommendation. The resident committee of the community is the organization which carries out community's conc</p><p>　　3.2 Perfect the legal system of community's organizational management<

55、/p><p>　　Establish the status of legal person of newly-set-up decision organization like community management committee in the form of law and give it corresponding rights and obligations and delimit a boundary

56、 line between the behaviors of it and the government.</p><p>　　Provide all kinds of committees or executive bodies of the community with certain power through the regulations and rules, make corresponding fu

57、nctional organizations exercise power of management, examination, supervision, punishment in order to make the community give full play to its effects efficiently.</p><p>　　Establish the limits of functions

58、and powers, and inter-reaction of all kinds of organizations in the community through the regulations; and set up the internal and external supervisory system of working to every organization in order to uphold the inter

59、ests of most residents.</p><p>　　3.3 Improve the consciousness of self management of community residents</p><p>　　The government should respect the legal statuses of such grassroots' autonom

60、y organizations as the resident committees, support and ensure the residents to launch their autonomy activities, lead representatives of residents to discuss the topics that the residents care about and enforce democrat

61、ic decision-making rights. The important issues related to the construction of residential block should be submitted to resident committees or resident's meetings to be discussed and carried out in the co</p>

62、<p>　　3.4Promote the socialization of community welfare actively and develop the service trade of the community</p><p>　　Implement the pluralism of investment subject. Take multi-channel of investment o

63、f the country, collective and personal and set up a development pattern of ownership form of many kinds.</p><p>　　(2) Implement the public of the service object. The community service trade should face all c

64、ommunity residents and expand the service field, the service range and coverage rate constantly.</p><p>　　(3) Implement the diversification of serving method. Develop the service facility and site of communi

65、ty welfare in a more cost-effective manner and set up the service system of community welfare to meet the multi-levelly, diversified demands of community residents.</p><p>　　3.5 Strengthen the building of co

66、ntingent of community's management to meet the need of city's modernization</p><p>　　In urban community's construction and management, people are the most crucial element. So, during the process

67、of advancing the reform of the urban community management and structure urban community's management mode, the construction of the management team is essential. </p><p>　　At present, the management team

68、of urban community still has greater disparity with the demand for modernized city development in such respects as age composition, culture structure, idea quality, ability of service and coordination, etc. So, on one ha

69、nd, it is necessary to strengthen the professional training of existing administrative staff in order to improve their whole quality; while on the other hand, we should adjust community management team constantly through

70、 introducing talent so as to</p><p>　　The above are some corresponding countermeasures put forward to the overall situation of urban community management of China. Consider that the concrete conditions of ea

71、ch city of China are not the same, it is not necessary to require all the cities to set up the same mode of urban community management. Hence, different cities can proceed from their own concrete conditions and take grea

72、t efforts to explore the community management modes according to their own characteristics.</p><p>　　4 Conclusion</p><p>　　Accompanied by the overall and steadily development of social economy i

73、n China, city's modernization level improves constantly. The management of urban communities should become a self-service and self-management mode on the basis of synthesized coordination brought by the government ac