外文資料翻譯---利用多重單片集成電路的液位監(jiān)測(cè)儀

1、<p>　　附錄C：外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　Uses the multi-monolithic integrated circuit's fluid position monitoring meter</p><p>　　Uses the monolithic integrated circuit design fluid position monitoring

2、 meter is the very general procedure. If must survey the fluid position has many groups (above 16 groups), each group request can roll demonstrates in 1 year each class, every day, each month's input output total qua

3、ntity (on 1st 3 classes), normal or the accident power cut data does not lose, man-machine interaction ability striving to excel (must establish suitable quantity pressed key and uses the LCD demonstration), and e</p&

4、gt;<p>　　special-purpose I/O chip and the monolithic integrated circuit serve as the I/O chip the contrast:</p><p>　?、賁pecial-purpose I/O connection chip's I/O mouth quantity are not more than the

5、 monolithic integrated circuit (the author to use monolithic integrated circuit model is 89C52).</p><p>　?、赥he special-purpose I/O connection chip use is not flexible, several use ways have been established

6、by the chip designer, cannot surpass this scope change, but the monolithic integrated circuit receives limits is small, uses nimbly.</p><p>　?、跿he special-purpose I/O connection chip independence is bad, int

7、elligence difference, regardless of being receives the input signal or the output control signal, the I/O special-purpose chip adds color to the signal input output cannot make the decision, must by the monolithic integr

8、ated circuit decision making, only play relay or the transition signal role, has not monitored ability, cannot the independent processing question, but the monolithic integrated circuit is not so, may use many kinds</

9、p><p>　　④Uses I/O to expand the special-purpose chip to probably be familiar with it, the engineers and technicians must be more than generally to monolithic integrated circuit's familiar degree to it, comp

10、aratively, uses it to waste the time, another I/O expands the special-purpose chip the price to be higher than the monolithic integrated circuit, considers from the cost accounting not economically.</p><p>　

11、　⑤Special-purpose I/O chip timeliness is bad, because I/O expands the special-purpose chip only to play the receiving and dispatching signal the role, itself has not processed the processing signal ability, such signal w

12、ill undergo its transmission back and forth to create the detention inevitably, will thus have the timely bad problem.</p><p>　?、轚ses the monolithic integrated circuit to make the I/O connection, is advantag

13、eous for the software and hardware design modulation, the division of labor is clear, for the design, the debugging, the maintenance brings enormously convenient.</p><p>　?、遀sed the monolithic integrated cir

14、cuit to make the I/O connection to strengthen for the connection supervision dynamics, lightened the main monolithic integrated circuit's burden.</p><p>　　Hardware architecture and division of labor:<

15、/p><p>　　The hardware design is divided the following several parts: Monolithic integrated circuit; A/D conversion fraction; Control signal output unit; The nonvolatile storage (makes the RAM expansion); Presse

16、s a key the part; Demonstrates the part; Prints the I/O port part; Analog switch part.</p><p>　　The monolithic integrated circuit selects 89C52, its characteristic is internal includes 8KB ROM, does not need

17、 outside the piece to expand ROM; A/D switch selects MC14433, its characteristic is the conversion accuracy is high, antijamming ability, each second may transform about 20 times, because the fluid position change is not

18、 very quick, therefore may satisfy the monitor fluid position change the need; The control signal output uses the monolithic integrated circuit to control the 74LS373 la</p><p>　　Because 89C52 are most may o

19、utside expand 64KB RAM, to guarantee that has the enough storage space to be possible AT29LV040A A16, A17 and a18 address wire and the 1# monolithic integrated circuit's some port connection, like this through contro

20、ls these 3 address wires the change to be possible to achieve uses AT29LV040The 512KB space goal. Presses a key the part to use conventional the non-code keyboard way then. In order to enhance the man-machine interactive

21、 ability, demonstrated that the part</p><p>　　Because has selected 3 monolithic integrated circuits, has solved the I/O port insufficient problem effectively, also caused in the design to simplify many, so l

22、ong as according to the conventional connection chip way, has then omitted many transition chips, like 74LS244, 74LS245, 74LS73 and so on, also caused the software design becomes simple easy. Because the hardware connect

23、ion becomes simple moreover is the conventional connection, therefore this article has not provided the detailed line c</p><p>　　利用多重單片集成電路的液位監(jiān)測(cè)儀</p><p>　　采用單片集成電路設(shè)計(jì)液位監(jiān)測(cè)儀是非常一般的程序。如果必須檢測(cè)很多組液位（16組

24、以上），每一組要求可以滾動(dòng)顯示一年中的每一類，每一天，每個(gè)月的輸入輸出總量（顯示這三個(gè)其中的一個(gè)） ，正?；蛞馔鈹嚯姅?shù)據(jù)不會(huì)丟失，人機(jī)交互能力爭(zhēng)取優(yōu)化（必須設(shè)立適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)量按鍵，并使用液晶顯示屏） ，而且每個(gè)LU液位要求對(duì)應(yīng)2組控制輸出信號(hào)（流體電位器液體輸入控制和輸出控制），微型打印機(jī)端口的配置，語(yǔ)音報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)立，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，所有的這些都需要很多的I/O端口來(lái)支持，單一的單片集成電路是不能完成的，需要擴(kuò)充I/O端口。在這種設(shè)計(jì)中，作者認(rèn)

25、為，使用專用I/O擴(kuò)充芯片有許多不足之處，權(quán)衡利弊后，選擇單片集成電路聯(lián)結(jié)芯片的方法取代專用I/O。</p><p>　　專用I / O芯片和單片機(jī)作為I / O薄片形成了鮮明的對(duì)比：</p><p>　　專用I / O連接芯片的I / O口數(shù)量不會(huì)超過(guò)單片機(jī)集成電路(作者采用89C52單片機(jī)集成電路模型)。</p><p>　　專用的I / O連接芯片使用不靈活，

26、幾種使用方法已經(jīng)被設(shè)計(jì)師確定，不能超過(guò)這個(gè)范圍的變化,但整體集成電路受限是小,使用靈活。</p><p>　　專用的I / O連接片獨(dú)立性較差,智力有差異, 無(wú)論是接受輸入信號(hào)和輸出的控制信號(hào)，I / O專用芯片增添色彩的信號(hào)輸入輸出不能作出決定， 必須由單片機(jī)集成電路的決策，只扮演角色的轉(zhuǎn)換或者信號(hào)傳遞，沒(méi)有監(jiān)測(cè)能力，不能獨(dú)立處理問(wèn)題，但是單片機(jī)集成電路不是這樣,可以用多種方式靈活處理的問(wèn)題。</p>

27、;<p>　　使用的I / O擴(kuò)大專用芯片大概會(huì)是很熟悉，工程師和技術(shù)員們必須大于一般對(duì)單片機(jī)的熟悉程度,，相比較而言，用它來(lái)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，另一個(gè)I / O擴(kuò)展了專用芯片價(jià)格高于單一集成電路，認(rèn)為從成本核算不經(jīng)濟(jì)。</p><p>　　專用I / O芯片時(shí)間性是壞的，因?yàn)镮 / O擴(kuò)展只打了專用芯片收發(fā)訊號(hào)的角色，本身并沒(méi)有能力處理信號(hào)的處理,這樣的信號(hào)將接受它來(lái)回傳遞創(chuàng)造拘留不可避免，從而有隨時(shí)壞的問(wèn)

28、題。</p><p>　　采用單片機(jī)集成電路的I / O連接,便于硬件和軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，分工明確，為設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)試、維修帶來(lái)極大的方便。</p><p>　　7）使用單片機(jī)對(duì)使I / O連接加強(qiáng)了監(jiān)管力度，減輕了主要的整體集成電路的負(fù)擔(dān)。</p><p>　　硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)和分工： </p><p>　　硬件的設(shè)計(jì)分為以下幾個(gè)部分：?jiǎn)纹呻娐? A/

29、D轉(zhuǎn)換部分;控制信號(hào)輸出設(shè)備，非易失性存儲(chǔ)器（擴(kuò)展隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器）;按鍵部分;顯示器部分; I/O端口打印部分;模擬開(kāi)關(guān)部分。</p><p>　　該單片集成電路選用89C52單片機(jī)，其特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)部包含8KB的只讀存儲(chǔ)器，不需要對(duì)其再進(jìn)行外部擴(kuò)充; A/D轉(zhuǎn)換部分選用MC14433 ，其特點(diǎn)是轉(zhuǎn)換精度高，能抗干擾，每秒鐘能轉(zhuǎn)換大約20次，由于液位的變化并非很快，因此可滿足監(jiān)測(cè)液位變化的需要;控制信號(hào)輸出采用了單片集

30、成電路來(lái)控制74LS373鎖存器的方式，這可能由于變動(dòng)鎖存器整數(shù)的方式導(dǎo)致控制輸出端口數(shù)量的變動(dòng)。因?yàn)槊恳唤M要求可以滾動(dòng)顯示一年中的每一類，每一天，每個(gè)月的輸入輸出總量（顯示這三個(gè)其中的一個(gè)），正常或意外斷電數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)丟失，因此，我們使用了AT29LV040A （512KB）來(lái)避免快速存儲(chǔ)（也有可能使用FRAM）。</p><p>　　由于89C52單片機(jī)最有可能對(duì)64KB RAM進(jìn)行外部擴(kuò)充，以保證有足夠的存儲(chǔ)空

31、間實(shí)現(xiàn)AT29LV040AA16 ，A17，A18地址線和1 ＃單片集成電路的一些端口聯(lián)結(jié)，像這樣通過(guò)控制這3個(gè)地址線的變化有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)使用AT29LV040的 512KB空間的目標(biāo)。然后按鍵部分使用常規(guī)的非代碼鍵盤(pán)的方式。為了加強(qiáng)人機(jī)交互能力，顯示器部分使用了GXM12864SL大屏幕液晶顯示器，在這個(gè)屏幕上可以顯示一系列漢字，數(shù)字，等式和簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì); 然后I/O端口打印部分可根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)配置；模擬開(kāi)關(guān)選用多個(gè)CD4051 ，

32、它們具有協(xié)調(diào)的單片集成電路，用于選擇多通道液位模擬量中的1組液位模擬量，然后進(jìn)行a/D轉(zhuǎn)換。</p><p>　　由于已經(jīng)選擇了3個(gè)完全統(tǒng)一的集成電路，有效地解決了輸入/輸出極不足的問(wèn)題，這也使設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單了許多，只要按照常規(guī)的連接集成電路的方式，然后省去許多的轉(zhuǎn)換芯片，像74LS244, 74LS245, 74LS73等，因此也使軟件設(shè)計(jì)變的簡(jiǎn)單了許多。因?yàn)橛布倪B接簡(jiǎn)單而且是常規(guī)的連接方法，所以這篇文章沒(méi)有提供詳