英語(yǔ)本科畢業(yè)論文-淺析《瓦爾登湖》中的生態(tài)理念

1、<p>　　Analyzing the Ecological Concept in Walden</p><p>　　Author: Zhu Fengju</p><p>　　Supervisor: Li Ruilin</p><p><b>　　A Thesis</b></p><p>　　Submitted

2、 as a Partial Fulfillment of</p><p>　　The Requirement for the Degree of B.A.in English</p><p>　　Information engineering College</p><p>　　FuYang teachers College, Anhui Province</

3、p><p>　　March, 2013</p><p><b>　　學(xué)位論文</b></p><p>　　淺析《瓦爾登湖》中的生態(tài)理念</p><p><b>　　朱 峰 菊</b></p><p>　?。▽W(xué)號(hào)200902011929）</p><p>　

4、　指導(dǎo)教師姓名 李瑞林 職稱 副教授</p><p>　　單 位阜陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院信息工程學(xué)院</p><p>　　專業(yè)名稱 師范英語(yǔ) 申請(qǐng)學(xué)級(jí)別 學(xué)士</p><p>　　學(xué)位授予單位 阜陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院信息工程學(xué)院</p><p><b>　　2013年3月</b></p><p>　

5、　Analyzing the Ecological Concept in Walden</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　With the development of society, people's lives become more colorful, but the environmental issues a

6、lso are more and more serious. Due to too much emphasis on the superiority of the nature, more concerned about the economic benefits and excessive pillaging of natural, resulting in people natural ecological imbalance, h

7、uman nature and therefore gradually lost. Thoreau as a environmental protector, explored the relationship between the environment and human civilization, and formed his own ecologi</p><p>　　Key words: Thorea

8、u; ecological thought; experiences; influence</p><p><b>　　淺</b></p><p>　　淺淺析《瓦爾登湖》中的生態(tài)理念</p><p><b>　　內(nèi)容摘要</b></p><p>　　隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們的生活越來(lái)越豐富多彩的，但是環(huán)

9、境問(wèn)題也越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，人們過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)自然地優(yōu)越性，更多的關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而過(guò)多的掠奪自然，從而導(dǎo)致人與自然生態(tài)的失衡，人性也因此逐漸喪失。梭羅作為一個(gè)保護(hù)環(huán)境者，探索著環(huán)境與人類文明的關(guān)系，并在《瓦爾登湖》中形成自己的生態(tài)思想。他認(rèn)為人類是自然不可分割地一部分，反對(duì)人類對(duì)自然地過(guò)度掠奪，并通過(guò)自己的選擇踐行自己的生態(tài)觀。他放棄都市里的繁華生活，獨(dú)自來(lái)到瓦爾登湖邊居住。梭羅的生態(tài)思想為為當(dāng)今社會(huì)人類面對(duì)日益惡化的生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來(lái)重要的啟示。鼓勵(lì)人們

10、構(gòu)建自己的精神家園，選擇自己的生活方式，喚醒了人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)，使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到在當(dāng)今生態(tài)危機(jī)日益嚴(yán)重的情況下保護(hù)環(huán)境人人有責(zé)，人類作為自然的一部分，應(yīng)當(dāng)反對(duì)人類對(duì)自然的特權(quán)，提倡人與自然地和諧發(fā)展。鼓勵(lì)人們的積極保護(hù)環(huán)境，親近大自然，以達(dá)到人與自然地和諧相處的美好境界。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：梭羅；生態(tài)思想；經(jīng)歷；影響</p><p>　　Analyzing the Ecological

11、 Concept in Walden</p><p>　　Thesis Statement</p><p>　　The thesis statement of my paper is to provide an important revelation for people in face of the deteriorating ecological environment throug

12、h analyzing the ecological concepts as described in "Walden”, so as to encourage people to build up their own spiritual home, to choose their own way of life, to protect the environment actively , and to promote the

13、 harmonious development of man and nature .</p><p><b>　　Outline</b></p><p>　　Introduction </p><p>　　II． Thoreau’s Ecological Ideas in Walden</p><p

14、>　　A．Being a Part of Nature.</p><p>　　B．Criticizing Human Dominance over Nature </p><p>　　C．Staying Harmoniously with Nature.</p><p>　　III． Thoreau’s Own Experience in Walden<

15、/p><p>　　A．The Reasons He Gave up His Modern Life. </p><p>　　B．The Real Practices in Walden Lake.</p><p>　　1. Living a very Simple Life, Near to Nature.</p><p>　　2. Having

16、 Rich Spirit and Colorful Inward Life.</p><p>　　IV． Thoreau’s Influence on Us</p><p>　　A．Environment Protection Awareness </p><p>　　B．Self-realization and Living Near to Natur

17、e</p><p>　　V．Conclusion</p><p>　　Analyzing the Ecological Concept in Walden</p><p>　　I. Introduction</p><p>　　Henry David Thoreau, American Transcendentalism writer, wa

18、s one of the world’s most influential writers and philosophers in 19th century. On July 12, 1817, Henry Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts .In 1837,he graduated from Harvard University .After graduation , he retu

19、rned to his hometown to teach industry . Since 1841, he gave up teaching and turned into writing. Under the support of Emerson, Thoreau settled down in Concord and began his practice about Transcendentalism . During this

20、 p</p><p>　　man flashed the philosophy of Emmanuel and another mountain stream that realm .</p><p>　　II. Thoreau’s ecological idea in Walden.</p><p>　　A. Being a Part of Nature.<

21、/p><p>　　At Walden Lake， Thoreau was thinking about the relationship between man and nature . In that lake, he began to try a new way of life . Thoreau walked into Walden, depending Walden as a partner and his

22、life with the nature as a whole thus opened a prologue. Thoreau sought for the harmony between man and nature. In his view, Nature is the birthplace of the harmony .Therefore, he chosen to live with the moon and stars ,

23、enjoying the goodness of nature ,approach to the wilderness to re - establish h</p><p>　　All day long the red squirrels came and went, and afforded me much entertainment by their maneuvers. One would approac

24、h at first warily through the shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with

25、his "trotters," as if it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a l</p><p>　　As a nature lover, Thorea

26、u reckoned that mankinds are a part of nature. He deemed that the relationship between human and nature should be “part in whole” rather than “I-You” relationship. Thoreau chosen to be a participant instead of an observe

27、r in nature. In Walden, Thoreau did not visit a shore or a forest as an explorer, but came back and forth to the same Walden Pond, the same nature. There he enjoyed being a part of nature whenever in the morning or the a

28、fternoon, wherever in the fields or</p><p>　　In the eyes of Thoreau, nature is a living individual, the relationship between man and nature, is the exchanges and dialogue of soul between man and nature. Show

29、ing from the natural feelings of poetic beauty. He wrote," A lake is the most beautiful, most expressive looks of landscape, the eyes of the earth; looking at it can measure their own nature shades. Lake lake trees

30、eyelashes like trim, the ridges of the mountains surrounding forest and cliff it prominent bushy eyebrows. " Few words, res</p><p>　　Thoreau revels in spring flowers and autumn harvest, fishing kinds of

31、 beans, boating on the lake on the leisurely, revels in God for the gift of the delicious berries, ice and snow of midwinter in a cool lake; There, he saw " red snow " and " green sun " and so on. In

32、the poet 's pen, everything appears to be as meticulous as the real, natural world bring the people's feelings and personality, and even the cabins chimney smoke also such a holy God Bird and incense : The wings

33、light show smoke ah</p><p>　　bird rising up your feathers necessary ablation, the quietly silent lark, messenger of dawn, hovering over the village houses, when you nest; otherwise you lose dream, midnight m

34、agic figure, finishing your skirt Sang; cast a veil to the stars at night, during the day, to discredit the bright, obscured the sunlight; incense go, this stove rising, saw gods, please forgive this brightly lit the fir

35、e.</p><p>　　“His love of nature in his pen, rose to a heartfelt gratitude and awe, read here, the spirit and life of each individual will all prance. Everything here, have the figure of the author, emotions

36、and experiences. Thoreau advocates of natural, but a very relaxed and natural relationship has nothing to do with any moralizing .”(陳慧 156-158)</p><p>　　In nature, he sought,a childlike, pastoral pleasure, a

37、n unfettered freedom of a climate conducive to the physical and mental health panacea, an external simple, heart lifestyle. Natural in front of him, filled with great, pure, beautiful, spectacular, charming, timeless qua

38、lities. In early 19th century German poet Hölderlin once said , "Man , poetic dwelling above the earth " .</p><p>　　Thoreau was the first practicer in Walden , who lived a simple , transparent

39、 , free , and enjoy the warmth of nature life . That is without the slightest pollution and extremely pure life , religious and artistic life , it is also a philosophy of questioning the existence of the German philosoph

40、er Martin Heidegger wrote that " life for the people in the land of poetic dwelling "(胡友紅46-47 ) it is the practice of a soul . Days in Walden , Thoreau accurate calculation of own consumption of goods ev</p

41、><p>　　In two years and more than two months time , he was a day to listen to the Voice of Nature Wan Lai , a quiet starry sky and night nature , nature dawn with thinking in the early morning to obtain the pur

42、ity of the soul , the natural life soothe and settle . And Thoreau contemporaries famous U.S. Senator George Evans said in an evaluation of Walden , " Whenever the light of civilization in a destructive shadow hangi

43、ng over you ...”</p><p>　　Lakes will put you into the arms. It will give you inject fresh blood ; it will take you from a weak to a strong man and soon , you will be concerned about the world with a calm sta

44、te of mind . "Thoreau in Walden environment had their own every day , without the presence of any obstacles in the affinity between man and nature . </p><p>　　Because of the broad nature of the broad-mi

45、nded , natural selfless and transparent due to natural beauty rather have a lofty soul .</p><p>　　At Walden Pond , he lives alone to meet . In Walden Thoreau 's love of nature is a high degree of awarene

46、ss of the universality of human emotions and the realm of life , implies caring for all life . Thoreau ‘s pursuit of the highest meaning of life , the pursuit of harmony between man and nature , the yearning for the simp

47、le life , adhere to independent thinking and personality . Thoreau on all the good things of the natural world is full of heartfelt love and respect , loving those beautiful d</p><p>　　B.Criticizing Human Do

48、minance over Nature.</p><p>　　Thoreau loves nature very much and he regards himself as a part of nature, so he criticizes human dominance over nature. When Thoreau began his life at Walden, the Industrial Re

49、volution was in full force. Its influence upon life is best illustrated in Walden by the locomotive which passes daily by the pond, its whistles and rumbling contrasting with the natural sounds of the birds. Village life

50、 now runs at a faster pace, "railroad time," leaving even less time for the contemplation of self and n</p><p>　　Humans are not the natural conquerors and administrators, but natural and other biol

51、ogical equality of a ecological crisis now threatens the survival of human beings and the Earth's biosphere is the origin in Western society for a long time , even in the whole of human society dominated by anthropoc

52、entrism , its origins can be traced back to the Bible . " Bible " in the positioning of the human is the center of the whole of nature .Nature all the service of humanity , by human management and gov</p>

53、<p>　　Jewish - Christian doctrine to them as the natural center of the concept of rule of our thoughts , “ humanity to see itself as the master of all substances on Earth , that everything on the Earth --- life an

54、d non- life animals, plants and minerals --- even the Earth itself is specially created for human beings . " the human central idea leads to uncontrolled exploitation and plundering of the human society on the earth

55、's resources .</p><p>　　The the human central idea is the ideological roots of the global ecological crisis , if we really want to reverse the trend of ecological deterioration and destruction of Earth,

56、the fate of the reflection of human thought themselves masters of the earth , must fundamentally , no longer acts as a conqueror and administrator of the Earth abandon the natural desire to conquer the possession , given

57、 the natural subjectivity , allowing humans to restore their original role --- nature an equal to oth</p><p>　　Period of rapid development in the capitalist industrial civilization , when extreme swelling in

58、 the humanistic , Thoreau can recognize human insignificance and the greatness of nature , which is very valuable . Today, we should realize that it is human ignorance and arrogance led to the wanton destruction of human

59、 beings on the planet's ecosystems . Only the return of the the inherent human role , as the Earth's biosphere and other species an equal them as equals , be possible to save the commo</p><p>　　Again

60、st industrial civilization, science and technology as the forerunner of the over-exploitation and plunder of natural Thoreau hold opposing views on the development of industrial civilization is that not only failed to pr

61、ogress positive significance for the development of industry and commerce of the human , but hindered the true spirit of human taste the meaning of life . For commercial telegraph train kind of things called a symbol of

62、social progress and the development of civilization , T</p><p>　　Thoreau also sees these so-called progress after heavy and bloody price --- " If a group of people who happily drove past on the rails ,

63、there might t be another group of unfortunate people below ride is pushed past for the excessive development of science and technology , Thoreau also think that there is no need . Henry David Thoreau said : "Our inv

64、ention is often pretty toys, just to attract our attention , so we leave the serious things ."</p><p>　　C.Staying Harmoniously with Nature..</p><p>　　Thoreau at Walden living in the nature

65、and experience the natural beauty of the Smart , explores the harmonious blend of nature and people . Thoreau to build houses of wood in the forest and the Beast is adjacent to the natural beauty of the Smart , the five

66、senses . Forest harmonious and pleasant voice , the night forest thrush singing early morning rooster crowing sound , the sound of frogs calling evening Preval Lake </p><p>　　played songs harmonious notes .

67、People in the labor poetic pleasure .</p><p>　　When my hoe hit the stone , the sound of music spread to the woods and the sky , my servitude with accompaniment , immediately produced a harvest can not be mea

68、sured " ( 徐遲257 ). Forest with colorful scenery , the dendrite yellow , red cranberries , white cod , green peaks , revel in the mood colorful .Look Thoreau eyes of Walden , "the point of view from the top of t

69、he hill , it reflects the color of the sky , but closer look , where you can see the fine sand of the shore , water color first gl</p><p>　　It is earth’s eye; looking at it you can measure his nature shades

70、( 徐遲 282 ) . Lake full of spirituality and people mingle with each other , " refreshing sip a refreshing lake " ( 徐遲 287 ) , people in the natural feel more relaxed and happy. Thoreau Rewards naturally colorful

71、 of color in the forest , listening to the natural harmony of the sound , the product of natural flavors berries , Smart felt natural and diverse , and into the natural happiness and harmony .</p><p>　　III.T

72、horeau’s Own Experience in Walden.</p><p>　　A．The Reasons He Gave up His Modern Life. </p><p>　　Relegated to the shores of Lake Thoreau in "Walden" the book says : " I came to the

73、 woods because introspection of life want to live a life the most essential problem to face , to see if there what life would teach me , and I did not realize , and would like to know if I were not here when I was dying

74、, would have not experienced life unaware . "</p><p>　　As can be seen from here , Thoreau advocates natural is the true nature . “In nature , he sought an unfettered freedom , a climate conducive to the

75、 physical and mental health panacea , an external simplicity , inner wealthy lifestyle . For him , to nature , that is, toward the heart . Measurement Walden is measured meals themselves”. (黃幼 59-60)Observation of the na

76、tural seasons , the four seasons of the soul is actually observed . Authoress George Evans said , Walden is an extraordinary person h</p><p>　　American society in the 19th century began to transition from an

77、 agricultural </p><p>　　society down industrial society , the rapid development of the capitalist economy , with the arrival of the mechanical T industry , destroying traditional Tian with cultural , natural

78、 , ecological destruction , in the modern industrial civilization , people suffer from a variety of tangible and intangible pressure , human instinct was repressed , people do not become a person , people lost their true

79、 self , people split Thoreau personally of this inner spiritual experience cross blend of natural</p><p>　　B.The real practices in Walden Lake.</p><p>　　1.Living a very Simple Life, near to Natu

80、re.</p><p>　　Thoreau’s life at Walden is filled with all kinds of natural sounds. Birds are singing, wagons rattle on the road occasionally, bells ring from far away on Sundays, </p><p>　　Thorea

81、u at Walden living in the nature and experience the natural beauty of the Smart , explore the harmonious blend of nature and people . Thoreau to build houses of wood in the forest and the Beast is adjacent to the natural

82、 beauty of the Smart , the five senses . Forest harmonious and pleasant voice , the night forest thrush singing early morning rooster crowing sound , the sound of frogs calling evening Preval Lake played songs harmonious

83、 notes . People in the labor poetic pleasure .</p><p>　　When my hoe hit the stone , the sound of music spread to the woods and the sky , my servitude with accompaniment , immediately produced a harvest that

84、can not be measured " Forest with colorful scenery , the dendrite yellow , red cranberries , white cod , green peaks , revel in the mood colorful .</p><p>　　“ Look at Thoreau eyes of Walden , point of v

85、iew from the top of the hill , it reflects the color of the sky , but closer look , where you can see the fine sand of the shore, water color first glistening yellow, and light green 's, then gradually deepened, and

86、render the whole lake until the water waves always consistent dark green. She is the most beautiful scenery in the expression looks.”(蘇賢貴57-60)</p><p>　　“It is earth 's eye; looking at it you can measure

87、 his nature shades. Lake is </p><p>　　full of spirituality and people mingle with each other," refreshing sip a refreshing lake ", people in the natural feel more relaxed and happy. Thoreau Rewards

88、 naturally colorful of color in the forest , listening to the natural harmony of the sound , the product of natural flavors berries , Smart felt natural and diverse , and into the natural happiness and harmony.”(呂志君23-24

89、.)</p><p>　　2.Having Rich Spirit and Colorful Inward Life.</p><p>　　Thoreau stays all his life with nature, he observes nature, describes nature, and study nature, keeps a very close relationshi

90、p with nature. He has a very simple life in material but very rich spirit in Walden. In his eyes nature is simple but can enlighten humans. As he said, “A lake is the landscape’s most beautiful and expressive feature. It

91、 is earth’s eye. The fluviatile trees next the shore are the slender eyelashes which fringe it, and the wooded hills and cliffs around are its overhanging</p><p>　　Thoreau thinks that living in nature is one

92、 of the ways to become spirit-rich man and he also advises that reading can enrich our mind and gives us strength. Whether someone is rich or not can not be judged by his money but his thought. Just as he said:</p>

93、<p>　　When the illiterate and perhaps scornful trader has earned by enterprise and industry his coveted leisure and independence, and is admitted to the circles of wealth and fashion, he turns inevitably at last t

94、o those still higher but yet inaccessible circles of intellect and genius, and sensible only of the imperfection of his culture and the vanity and insufficiency of all his richen, and further proves his good sense by the

95、 pains which be takes to secure for his children that intellectual cultur</p><p>　　He recommends people to read and enjoy reading, “It is worth the expense of youthful days and costly hours, if you learn onl

96、y some words of an ancient language, which are raised out of the trivialness of the street, to be perpetual suggestions and provocations.”</p><p>　　IV. Thoreau’s Influence on Us.</p><p>　　What W

97、e Should Do to Protect Environment.</p><p>　　Thoreau sets us an example putting protecting the environment into practice. He lives beside the Walden Pond and be harmoniously with the animals, the plants, the

98、 water. He never does things destroying nature. It makes us to think what we can do to protect our planet.</p><p>　　Nowadays, most of us know that these threats exist and that humans have caused them. Many o

99、f us are very worried about the future of our planet and unless we can find a way of solving the problems we have made then the environment will suffer even more. It all sounds so depressing, but we certainly mustn't

100、 despair! Every one of us, whatever age we are can do something to help slow down and reverse some of the damage. We cannot leave the problem-solving entirely to the experts - we all have a res</p><p>　　As p

101、opulations expand and lifestyles change, we must keep the world in a good condition so that future generations will have the same natural resources that we have. So move up guys. Protect our planet today and everyday!<