美國伊利諾斯大學豬病

1、Pig Respiratory Disease Control豬呼吸道病控制的基本點,作者：Dr. L.D. Firkins, DVM, MS, MBAUniversity of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine美國伊利諾斯大學獸醫(yī)學院,Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因,Bacteria- 細菌- Involved in almos

2、t all respiratory disease. 幾乎與所有呼吸道病都有關(guān)- Respiratory tract is warm, moist, and nutrient rich, thus ideal for bacteria.呼吸道溫暖，潮濕，有營養(yǎng)，是細菌理想的生存環(huán)境,Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因,BacteriaMost bacteria rea

3、ch the lungs via the air, but some reach the lungs via the blood, are trapped in the capillary network.多數(shù)細菌通過空氣進入肺部，一些由血液到達肺部后被 毛細血管網(wǎng)吸附,Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因,Virus-病毒Viruses generally enter pig via

4、 airways.病毒通常由空氣進入豬體內(nèi)Viruses are looking for cells to take over.病毒在尋找細胞以取代之,Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因,Viruses damage cells lining the respiratory tract, and damage immune cells in resp. tract.病毒破壞

5、呼吸道內(nèi)的細胞，進而破壞呼吸道內(nèi)的免疫細胞If the pig survives, it becomes immune, but may become a “carrier”.如果豬幸免一死，變得有免疫力，也可能變成攜帶者,Factors Affecting Respiratory Disease,Extreme heat 過熱Chilling 過冷Parasite migration 寄生蟲入侵Toxic gases H2

6、S, NH4 有毒氣體,支原體 Mycoplasma,Slowly developing, chronic infection.緩慢發(fā)病，慢性感染By itself, seldom makes pig obviously sick.支原體本身很少引起豬明顯的表現(xiàn)疾病,支原體 Mycoplasma,Damage to defenses of lung leads to serious bacterial lung disea

7、se, especially if in combination with viruses such as pseudorabies and PRRS.肺部防御系統(tǒng)的破壞，尤其當病毒如偽狂犬病和藍耳病，同時侵入時，引致嚴重的細菌性肺部疾病，Vaccination + All-in/All-out produces best control of this problem. Pulse medication may be need

8、ed免疫+全進全出式管理，控制疾病效果理想。,胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,This bacteria produces a potent tissue-destroying toxin.此細菌產(chǎn)生可能破壞組織的毒素Sudden death with bloody froth at nose is typical.典型癥狀是鼻腔泡沫性出血，突然死亡Death loss

9、 can be more than 10% in growing pigs.生長豬的死亡率可高于 10％,胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,Lung lesions are typical but can be confused with salmonella. Can be in combination with PRV.肺病變是典型癥狀，但易與沙門氏桿菌混淆，

10、可能與偽狂犬病共同發(fā)作 Injectable antibiotics essential in outbreak. 爆發(fā)期間應(yīng)注射抗生素All-in/All-out, Better ventilation, Vaccines全進全出，較好的通風，免疫,Strategies Against Circovirus & Influenza圓環(huán)病毒和流感的防制策略,Increasing problems for prod

11、ucers發(fā)病越來越多Tremendous economic impact on production造成巨大經(jīng)濟損失Tremendous frustration with producers and veterinarians給養(yǎng)豬者和收益帶來巨大挫折Requires farm specific diagnostic and prevention efforts from producers and their veterina

12、rians診斷和預(yù)防措施必須因豬場情況不同而異,Circovirus: PCV2, PMWS圓環(huán)病毒: 斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征,Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome PMWS斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征Porcine Circovius type 2: PCV2 Ⅱ型豬圓環(huán)病毒PCV2First cases in 1991 首例報道于1991

13、年,Circovirus Diagnosis圓環(huán)病毒診斷,Clinical signs: Wasting and weight loss with swollen lymph nodes臨床癥狀: 消耗性瘦弱，體重減輕，淋巴結(jié)腫脹Histologic lesions: Depletion of lymphoid tissues 組織學病變: 淋巴組織衰竭PCV2 infection: Preferably via demonst

14、ration of PCV2 antigen (IHC) PCV2 感染: 最常通過顯現(xiàn)PCV2抗原(IHC),PMWS: Circovirus斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征：圓環(huán)病毒,Material and slides in this presentation provided by two leading researchers in this area:本講座中的材料和投影片由本地區(qū)主要研究人員提供Dr. Xiang-Jin

15、Meng (originally from China), Virginia Tech 孟博士(原本來自中國)，弗吉尼亞理工學院Dr. Pat Halbur, Iowa State University Pat Halbur博士，伊阿華州立大學,Trend in total cases of PCV2-associated diseases at ISU-VDL與PCV2有關(guān)疾病總發(fā)病情況的趨勢(伊阿華州立大學),PCV2

16、– Associated PneumoniaPCV2引起的肺炎,Complicated (add PRRSV, SIV, M. hyo., etc…)復(fù)雜(加上豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征，豬流感病毒，豬肺炎支原體)Dyspnea/thumping, coughing, wasting, ulcers at 4-20 weeks of age 4～20周齡呼吸困難、咳嗽、潰瘍Poor response to conventional tr

17、eatment protocols 常規(guī)治療效果不佳,Often the submitting veterinarian suspects proliferative ileitis or salmonellosis 送檢的獸醫(yī)常常懷疑是增生性回腸炎或沙門氏菌病Usually have moderately thickened small intestine that is easil

18、y confused grossly with ileitis 常見小腸有一定程度的增厚，從眼觀病變上看容易與回腸炎混淆Abundant PCV2 antigen in lamina propria and Peyer’s patches associated with the lesions病灶中常見粘膜固有層和派伊爾氏淋巴集結(jié)中有PCV2抗原,PCV2 – Associated EnteritisPCV2引起的腸炎,Most c

19、ommon in gilt litters or new start-up herds 最常見于頭胎仔豬和新建立的豬群中May involve mixing PCV2 negative/positive sources?可能由于PCV2陰性和陽性來源的豬混群飼養(yǎng)Increased mummified fetuses, abortions, stillbirths胎兒木乃伊化、流產(chǎn)、死產(chǎn)數(shù)增加Typically very spora

20、dic and short duration with minimal losses通常呈現(xiàn)非常散發(fā)性，并且持續(xù)期也短，損失很小,PCV2 – Reproductive FailurePCV2所致繁殖障礙,The Role of Co-Infections并發(fā)感染的作用,PCV2 and Parvovirus co-infection increases the incidence and severity of clinical s

21、igns PCV2和細小病毒感染同時發(fā)生，會提高發(fā)病率并加重臨床癥狀PCV2 and Mycoplasma co-infection results in severe disease characterized by coughing, labored breathing, lethargy and decreased growth PCV2和支原體同時感染會加重病情，表現(xiàn)為咳嗽、呼吸困難、嗜睡和生長緩慢,Control o

22、f PCV2-Asscociated Diseases 美國對PCV2所致疾病的防制,Confirm PMWS/PCV2 by histopath, IHC通過組織病理學和免疫組織化學確診斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征/PCV2Identify and control concurrent viral infections 鑒別和控制并發(fā)的病毒感染eliminate/control PRRSV if poss

23、ible 有可能時應(yīng)清除或控制豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征病毒focus on breeding herd stabilization and pig flow注意對種豬群進行穩(wěn)定化以及豬的生產(chǎn)流程work to avoid simultaneous co-infection注意避免混合感染,eliminate/control SIV with vaccinati

24、on of sow herd通過對母豬群進行免疫接種來清除或控制豬流感病毒proper timing of SIV vaccination of pigs在正確的時機進行豬流感免疫接種further explore role of Parvo and use of PPV vaccine進一步探索細小病毒的作用并使用豬細小病毒疫苗models and field trials support a role in some her

25、ds模型和現(xiàn)場試驗證實細小病毒在某些豬群中有作用。,Control of PCV2-Asscociated Diseases in the USA美國對PCV2所致疾病的防制,Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制,Minimize effects of M. hyo. with vaccines and/or antimicrobials用疫苗和/或抗

26、菌藥減輕豬肺炎支原體的危害Further evaluate correlation of PMWS with certain vaccines or timing of vaccination進一步評估斷奶后系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征與某些疫苗以及免疫接種時機的關(guān)系Change products and/or timing of vaccination改換疫苗品種和/或免疫接種時機,Aggressive treatment of bacter

27、ial coinfections加大對細菌性并發(fā)感染的治療力度Use of anti-inflammatories is often beneficial使用抗炎藥物常常很有好處,Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制,Pull sick pigs清除病豬Long term shedding in essentially all body fluid

28、s長期通過幾乎所有的體液排出病毒Back up 1-2 stages on diet in sick penPlasma protein supplements補充血漿蛋白質(zhì),Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制,Focus on pig comfort!!!注重豬的舒適!!!Appropriate pig density and AIAO fl

29、ow豬的飼養(yǎng)密度要適當，實行全進全出Good air quality and appropriate temp保持優(yōu)良的空氣質(zhì)量和適中的溫度Use effective disinfectants (Virkon-S) between groups每飼養(yǎng)一批豬之后用有效的消毒劑(Virkon-S)進行消毒PCV2 vaccines on the horizon PCV2疫苗即

30、將誕生,Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制,Swine Influenza Virus Historically歷史上的豬流感病毒,3 – 6 days and its over 3～6天即結(jié)束Everyone is sick at one time每頭豬都同時發(fā)病Fall and Spring秋季和春季Lateral trans

31、mission水平傳播It’s the same every time每次都相同,,Swine Influenza Virus 豬流感病毒,Currently 當前Chronic or long duration disease 慢性，持續(xù)時間長Days to weeks in group 一群豬可病數(shù)天至數(shù)周Vertical Transmission 垂直傳播Young and old pigs 幼豬和年長豬都可受到感染V

32、ariation 病情多變,What Changed? The Virus 是什么變了？是病毒變了,H1N1 since 1930 1930年以來是H1N1H2N3 in 1998 1998年是H2N3H1N2 recently 最近是H1N2Atypical H1N1 非典型的H1N1Unique strains 獨特的毒株,,Go

33、als of SIV Control Strategy 豬流感病毒防制策略的目標,Create consistent level of herd immunity to:Minimize the risk of continued transmission 減小持續(xù)傳播的風險Minimize clinical effects if the sow herd is exposed to SIV如果母豬群接觸了豬流

34、感病毒，可減輕臨床癥狀,Produce a consistent level of maternal antibody in piglets at weaning resulting in: 使仔豬在斷奶時具有一致的母源抗體水平，導(dǎo)致：Decay of maternal antibody in a majority of piglets to below protective levels in a narrow period

35、post weaning.大多數(shù)仔豬的母源抗體在斷奶后短時間內(nèi)減少到低于保護力的水平以下Reduced risk of weaning SIV infected piglets減少斷奶時仔豬感染豬流感病毒的機會,Goals of SIV Control Strategy 豬流感病毒防制策略的目標,Vaccination Protocols免疫程序,Vaccination of breeding herd twice a

36、 year 種豬群每年免疫接種二次Use of bivalent commercial vaccines 采用二價商品苗Use of autogenous vaccines 采用自家疫苗Determining the rate of maternal antibody decay 測定母源抗體衰減速度Vaccination of the finisher

37、pig對肥育豬進行免疫,SIV Challenges豬流感病毒的難題,Cross protection from commercial vaccines 商品疫苗的交叉保護力Effectiveness of autogenous vaccines 自家疫苗的有效性Virus moving away from vaccine pressure 病毒在

38、疫苗的壓力下被清除Recombination of virus strains不同毒株的重組Human role in transmission/interaction 人在病毒傳播/相互作用中的作用,Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,Isolation of New Breeding Stock for 30-60 days新

39、到種豬隔離30－60天Strategic Antibiotic Therapy策略性抗生素療法Pulse Medication沖擊量用藥Pre/Post-weaning Medication 斷奶前后用藥Subtherapeutic levels have no effect.亞治療水平用藥無效,Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,2.

40、 Environmental Management 全進全出Temperature control溫度控制heat熱cold冷Pen Stocking, Mixing, Moving圈養(yǎng)密度，混群，轉(zhuǎn)移Ventilation -通風Moisture control濕度控制Reduce airborne pathogens減少空氣傳播的病原,Strategies for Respiratory Dise

41、ase Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,3. Vaccination免疫注射Prepare pig defenses for pathogens that he may encounter.提高豬對可能遇到的病原的抵抗力Autogenous products for Strep, PRRS.對鏈球菌，藍耳病的自價苗Commercial products for most other diseases.對多數(shù)的其它

42、疾病，使用商品疫苗 Mycoplasma vaccine支原體疫苗,Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,4. Nutrition營養(yǎng)Vit E /Se維生素E/硒Protein / Amino acids / Lysine / Balance蛋白質(zhì)/氨基酸/賴氨酸/平衡Avoid Immunosuppresive Mycotoxins避免免疫抑制

43、的真菌毒素,Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,5. Effective early treatment of problems.有效的早期治療Use a thermometer. Normal is 39.2°C用溫度計量體溫，正常溫度為39.2 °CTreat all of the sick pigs.治療所有病豬Avoid

44、underdosing the pig. 避免用低治療量治療Treatment at least 3 days.至少連續(xù)治療3天,Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略,Get a diagnosis, culture and sensitivity test.進行診斷，培養(yǎng)和敏感性試驗Sick pigs might not eat and might not