質(zhì)量功能展開

1、Quality function deployment,Industrial engineering,1,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,The origin and development of quality function deployment,Quality Function Deployment(QFD) is a method of quality assurance based o

2、n the maximum to meet customer requirements in the product development process of systematic and collaborative users.,2,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,QFD, which was put forward by Japanese quality management expert

3、 Yoji Akao in the 1960s, is a origin management theory that saw customers as guild.,3,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,At present, the QFD has become the most popular research areas of quality assurance in the advance

4、d production mode and the concurrent engineering(Concurrent Engineering, CE) environment. It emphasizes that we are supposed to consider the requirements of quality assurance and quality assurance measures at the same ti

5、me when we started design the product.It is the most powerful tool in CE environment for Design For Quality (Design For Quality, DFQ)，it has a great help for the enterprise to improve product quality, shorten the develop

6、ment cycle, reduce production cost and increase customer satisfaction.,4,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Toyota used the QFD in 70s, and made great economic benefits, its new product: Development costs fell by 61%，

7、Development cycle cut down a third，The quality of the product also got corresponding improvement.,5,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,The world famous companies, such as:,Ford Company、 GM、 Chrysler Corpora

8、tion、 Hewlett-Packard Development Company、 McDonnell-Douglas Corporation、 Xerox、 NTT、 adopted QFD one by one.,6,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,In the forty ye

9、ars from the creation of QFD to now , its application has involved in automobile, home appliances, clothing, integrated circuits, synthetic rubber, construction equipment, agricultural machinery, ships, automatic merchan

10、dising systems, software development, education, medical and other fields.The development cycle 30—60%Cost 20—40%Number of design change 40—60%,,,,7,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,8,2024/3/10,E-mail:

11、cunrong_li@163.com,technology development,productdesign,processdesign,the production process,fault,repair,quality,higher qualitylower cost,The principle of quality function deployment,Quality function deployment follo

12、w the principle of concurrent engineering. After making key quality characteristics set (i.e., the output of quality characteristic set), then it can be spread to the key process.As shown in figure：,9,2024/3/10,E-mail:c

13、unrong_li@163.com,quality table,key customer demand,key qualitycharacteristics （CTQ）,,Technical requirement development,quality table,key process output variable（KPOV）,Key processinput variable （KPIV）,,key p

14、rocess,,Customerdemanddevelopment,Process output variable,10,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Principle of QFD in parallel: Identify key process input and output variables,1. The definition of QFD,1. The most str

15、iking feature of QFD is require companies to constantly listen to customers' opinions and needs, and through the appropriate method, take the appropriate measures in the whole process of product form for these requir

16、ements .,11,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,2. QFD is in the process of implement customer needs, to help various functional departments of enterprise involved in the process of product form, to work out their corres

17、ponding technical requirements of the implementation of the measures, collaborative work, and make the department jointly take measures to ensure and improve the quality of products.,12,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.co

18、m,3. QFD application involves all phases of the product formation process, especially the design of the product and the production planning stage. It is regarded as a method of quality assurance of product development st

19、age.,13,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,2. QFD waterfall decomposition model,The key of implementing QFD is to divide customers' requirements into the each process of product form, to convert customer requiremen

20、ts into the specific technical requirements and quality control requirements for product development process. To meet our customers' needs by implementing these techniques and quality control requirements.,14,2024/3/

21、10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,,,,,,,,process/quality plan,technical requirements,component feature,process steps,process/quality control parameters,switch,,15,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,user needs,Strictly speak

22、ing, QFD is just a thought, a kind of methodology of product development management and quality assurance. As for how to decompose step by step and configurat customers' requirements into the each pcess of product de

23、velopment, it has no fixed pattern and decomposition model, we can decompose and configurat it according to different purpose and different routes, mode decomposition and decomposition model.,16,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_

24、li@163.com,Typical QFD model for the waterfall decomposition,Key process/quality control parameter,17,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Several typical QFD waterfall decomposition model,1. Decomposed into 5 quality hou

25、se matrices;,,,,,,Subsystem detailed technical requirements,Supplier detailedtechnicalrequirements,System detailed technical requirements,Manufacturing process detail technical requirements,Component detail technical r

26、equirements,,,,,,,,,18,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Customer needs,QFD waterfall decomposition model,2. According to customer demand（Decomposed into 5 quality house matrices ） →Technical requirements (importa

27、nt, difficult and new performance requirements) →Subsystem / component characteristics (important, difficult and new subsystem / component technology requirements) →Manufacturing process requirements

28、 (important, difficult and new manufacturing process technical requirements) →Statistical process control (important, difficult and new process control parameters).,19,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Q

29、FD waterfall decomposition model,3. According to customer requirements (It is decomposed into four hoq matrix) →Product demand →Component feature →Process steps →Technology

30、and quality control parameters.,20,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,QFD waterfall decomposition model,4. According to customer requirements (It is decomposed into six hoq matrix) →Engin

31、eering technical characteristics →Application technology →Manufacturing process steps →Manufacturing process quality control steps →Online stati

32、stical process control →The technical characteristic of finished product，,21,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,3. Decomposition steps of QFD,Customer demand

33、 is the most basic input of QFD. The obtain of customer demand is the most critical and most difficult job in QFD inplementation. We should collect, analyze and organize the diverse needs of customers through all kinds o

34、f advanced methods, means and channels, and describe its with mathematical methods.,22,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,1.Determine the needs of their customers,Market researchers choose reasonable customer object, us

35、ing various methods and means, through the market survey, comprehensive collect customer requirements on products, then summarize, arrangement and classification, then we can obtain correct and comprehensive customer nee

36、ds, and the weight of various needs (relative important degree). When determining customer requirements, we should avoid subjective imagination, pay attention to comprehensive and authenticity.,23,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunron

37、g_li@163.com,2.Product planning,The structure of product planning matrix is very important in QFD, the first step to meet customer requirements is, to convert the customer demand into the physical feature as accurately a

38、s possible, which can be met by manufacture.,24,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,The main task of product planning is converting customer requirements into the technical characteristic used for design. And based on th

39、e competitive evaluation for customer requirements and technical requirements, determine the target of technical requirements.,25,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,The task QFD need to complete in product planning proc

40、ess,· To complete the conversion from customer requirements to the technical requirements ;· To evaluate similar products on the market from the perspective of customers ;· To evaluate similar products o

41、n the market from the perspective of technology ;· To determine the relationship and related degree between customer requirements and technical requirements;· To analyze and determine the constraint relations

42、hip between each technical demand;· To determine the target of technical requirements.,26,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,3.The plan in the product design,According to the target of product technical demands id

43、entified in last step, to do the conceptual design and preliminary design of product, then choose a best overall product design. These works mainly up to the product design department and its staff, other link in the pro

44、duct life cycle need each other department staff to participate in,to work together.,27,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,4. Component planning,Based on the optimizing overall design scheme of the products, and accordi

45、ng to the product technical requirements identified in the product planning matrix, determine the characteristics of the component/subsystem and component which have important influence on overall product composition, us

46、ing the failure model and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA) method to analyze the possible faults and problems on the quality of our products, in order to take preventive measures.,28,2024/3/10,E-mail:cun

47、rong_li@163.com,5.Component design and process design,According to the characteristics of the identified key component in component planning and preliminary design results of finished product , etc. Carrying on the detai

48、led design of product, completing product design work of each part/subsystem and components, choosing appropriate process implementation plan complete product process design, including the manufacturing process and assem

49、bly process.,29,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,6. Process planning,Through the process planning matrix, determining the key process steps and characteristics,that must be ensured for implementing the key product fea

50、tures and component features, that is, choosing the key process which plays an important role in implementation parts characteristics from all processes of products and its' components, and determining it's key

51、degree.,30,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,7.Process/quality control,Through the process/quality control matrix, converting the key working procedure and process parameters of the key component features into specific

52、 process/quality control methods, including control parameters, control points, sample size and inspection methods.,31,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Quality house,The concept of HOQ(House of Quality, HOQ) was put f

53、orward by J. R. Hauser and Don Clausing in 1988. The quality house provides a basic tool for a series of waterfall QFD decomposition. The decomposition is converting customer requirements into product technical requireme

54、nts and further transforming product technical requirements into the key component feature, converting the key component feature into key process steps and transforming the key process steps into key process/quality cont

55、rol parameters.,32,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,,,,Roof,,Technical evaluation,Quality house,,Relationshipmatrix,,Competitiveanalysis,,,Technical evaluation,Customerrequirements,Technicalevaluation,,Roof,33,202

56、4/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Technical characteristics,Relationship matrix,Customer requirements,Competitive analysis,1. Quality house structure (part),,34,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,Quality house structure

57、（Technical evaluation part）,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,35,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,The content of the HOQ,A complete quality house consists of six parts 。1.Customer requirements and their weights, namely“what”of HOQ.2.Te

58、chnical requirements (eventually product characteristics), namely ”how”of HOQ。3.Relation matrix, that is, Correlation matrix between the customer requirements and technical requirements.,36,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@1

59、63.com,4.Competitive analysis, standing in the customer's point of view, to evaluate the products of our enterprise and of other competitors in the market to meet customer requirements. 5.Technical requirements corr

60、elation matrix, the roof of the quality houses.6.Technical evaluation, to conduct the competitive evaluation on technical requirements, to determine the important degree and target values of technical requirements.,37,2

61、024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,2. The configuration and the calculation of parameters in HOQ,Using product planning matrix as a example to illustrate the configuration and the calculation of parameters in HOQ.,38,202

62、4/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,1.Customer requirements and weights,First of all, classifying the customer requirements according to performance (function), credibility (including availability, reliability and maintaina

63、bility, etc.), safety, adaptability, economy (design cost, manufacturing cost and use cost) and timeliness (product life and timely delivery of the goods), and configurng the obtained customer requirements to the corresp

64、onding position of product planning HOQ directly according to the classification results. Then, calibrate the demands according to relative important degree among each other. Specificly, using 1 to 9 to get 10 level to

65、calibrate important degree of each demand. The higher the value, the greater the importance; on the contrary, the lower the importance.,39,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,2.Technical requirements,When configurating t

66、echnology needs, the following three conditions should be paid attention to：(1)Pertinence, namely the technical requirements should be aimed at the customer requirements that have been configurated。(2)Measurability, in

67、 order to implemente the control for technical requirements easily, technical requirements should be measurable.(3)Macroscopic, technical requirements just provide guidance and evaluation criterion for later product des

68、ign, rather than a specific product design programme. As for technical requirements, describe it by the formation of the technical performance in macro.,40,2024/3/10,E-mail:cunrong_li@163.com,3. Relationship matrix,The r

69、elationship matrix between customer requirements and technical requirements intuitively shows whether the technical requirements covered the customer requirements properly.Nc and np in relationship matrix respectively r