health insurance and payment systems for severe acute pancreatitis【外文翻譯】

1、外文文獻翻譯譯文原文：原文：HealthinsurancepaymentsystemsfsevereacutepancreatitisByMasahiroYoshidaThemedicalinsurancesystemofJapanisbasedontheUniversalMedicalCareSystemguaranteedbytheprovisionoftheArticle25oftheConstitutionofJapanwhic

2、hstatesthat‘‘Allthepeopleshallhavetherighttoliveahealthyculturalminimumstardoflife.’’ThehealthinsurancesystemofJapancomprisesthemedicalinsurancesystemthehealthcaresystemfthelonglived.Medicalcareinsuranceincludestheemploy

3、ees’healthinsurance(SocialInsurance)thatcoversemployeesofprivatecompaniestheirfamiliescommunityinsurance(NationalHealthInsurance)thatcoverstheselfemployed.Eachmedicalinsurancesystemhasitsownmedicalcaresystemftheretiredth

4、eirfamilies.Thehealthcaresystemfthelonglivedcoverspeopleofover75yearsofage(over65yearsinpeoplewithacertainhicap).Thereisalsoasystemunderwhichallpartofthemedicalexpensesisreimbursedbypublicexpenditurethecostofmedicalcaren

5、otcoveredbyhealthinsuranceispaidbythegovernment.Thissystemisreferredtocollectivelyasthe‘‘thepublicpaymentsystemofmedicalexpenses.’’Tosuppttherealizationofthepurposeofthissystemthereisatreatmentresearchenterprisefspecifie

6、ddiseases(intractablediseases).Becauseofthehighmtalityrateacutepancreatitisisspecifiedasanintractablediseasefthepurposeofreducingitsmtalityratetreatmentexpensesofpatientsarepaidinfullbythegovernmentdatingbacktothedaywhen

7、theapplicationwasmadefacertificateverifyingthatheshehassevereacutepancreatitis.TheaveragelongevityoftheJapanesepeopleis79yearsinmen86yearsinwomen.ThelongaveragelifespanoftheJapanesepeopleisaresultofsupptbytheUniversalMed

8、icalCareSystembasedupontheConstitutionofJapanalongwithmoaryallowancesprovidedfunderthissystem.NoothercountriesinthewldlongevityoftheJapanesepeopleanincreaseinmedicalexpensestheHealthCareLawftheelderlywasenactedin1983that

9、introducedasystemunderwhichapartofthemedicalcostispaidbypatients.AlongwithafurtherdecreaseintheproptionoftheelderlyadecreaseinthebirthrateinJapantheproptionofcontributionfromtherevenueofhealthinsurancesocietiesdecreased.

10、Alsothereisnotasmallnumberoftheretiredwhomaintainthesamelevelofincomeasthatofthewkinggeneration.Inconsiderationofsuchbackgroundsinnovationofthehealthcaresystemftheelderlyisunderwaythehealthcaresystemfthelonglivedwasimple

11、mentedinApril2008.Accdingtotheprovisionofthissystemtheelderlyof70–74yearsofageareclassifiedintothecategyoftheelderlywhoareintheearlyphaseofoldagetheyhavetopay30%ofmedicalcareexpenses.Ontheotherhtheelderlyofover75yearsofa

12、geareclassifiedintothecategyoftheelderlywhoareinthelatephaseofoldagetheyhaveonlytopay10%(30%intheelderlywhomaintainthesamelevelofincomeasthatofthewkinggeneration).Furthermeitisstipulatedthattheelderlymustalsopayapremiumr

13、egularlyalthoughitisonlyasmallamount.PaymentsystemofmedicalexpensesThereisalsoasystemunderwhichthegovernmentpaysallpartofthemedicalexpensesexpensesnotcoveredbymedicalcareinsurance.Thissystemiscalledcollectivelythepayment

14、systemofmedicalexpenses.’Thepurposeofprovidingmedicalcarewhosecostispaidbythegovernmentliesintheimprovementdevelopmentofsocialwelfarepublichealth.Thissystemisputintopracticebythenationalgovernmentlocalgovernmentonthebasi

15、sofnmalfinancialresources(includingtaxrevenues)sothatmedicalbenefitsmaybeconferred.TobeconcreteadiverserangeofservicesisprovidedfaccdingtothissystemincludingpaymentofmedicalbenefitbasedontheLivelihoodProtectionLawtheChil

16、dWelfareLawtheMaternalChildHealthLawtheIndependenceSupptingLawtheInfectiousDiseaseLawtheLawRelatedtoMentalHealthWelfaremedicalcareservicesfpeoplecertifiedasatomicbombvictimsthepaymentofmedicalbenefitbasedontheLawfAidtowo