人才競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中國(guó)以戰(zhàn)略扭轉(zhuǎn)人才外流[文獻(xiàn)翻譯]_第1頁(yè)
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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯外文出處InternationalLabourReview2006(145)p6589外文作者ZweigDavid原文：Competingftalent:Chinasstrategiestoreversethebraindrain.ByZweigDavidInternationalLabourReviewFmanyyearsgovernmentsscholarshavebeenbemusedbybraindr

2、ainsthatrobdevelopingcountriesoftheirvaluablehumantalentastheirbestbrightestpeoplewhogoabroadtostudyopttostayinthedevelopedwld(Dickson2003).DespiteitsauthitarianregimethePeoplesRepublicofChinahasbeenjustasvulnerabletothi

3、sphenomenon.InrecentyearshowevertensofthoussofpeopletrainedabroadhavebeenreturningtoChina.Duringthetolate1990stheaverageannualincreaseinthenumberofreturneeswasapproximately13percentbutsince2000therateofincreasehasrisensh

4、arply(seefigure1).AccdingtoSaraviaMira(2004p.608)thisisalsoreflectedin“asustainedinthenumberofdoctalstudentsfromChina...whoplannedtoremainintheUnitedStatesbeginninginthelate1990s“.AdmittedlyliberalizationofChinaspolicyon

5、traveloverseashasalsoledtoamassiveincreaseinthenumberofpeoplegoingabroadsotheproptionofreturneeshasnotincreased.ButChinastilllookssettofollowthepathoftheRepublicofKeaTaiwan(China)whereathrivingeconomyliberalizedpolitytur

6、nedabraindrainintoa“braingain“althoughChinasreturnmigrationhaspickedupdespiteitsauthitarianregimelowpercapitaincome.Explingthereasonsfthisflowofreturnmigrationthisarticlefindsthatcentralgovernmentpoliciesintercitycompeti

7、tionffeigntrainedscientistsThepoliciesofChinascentralGovernmenttowardsreturneeshavebeencomplexhaveshiftedovertime.Differentgovernmentauthitieshaveespouseddifferentviewsbasedlargelyontheirinstitutionalinterests.Alsochange

8、sinthedomesticpoliticalsocioeconomicenvironmentledtoshiftsinpoliciesonoverseaseducation.StudentdemonstrationsagainsttheGovernmentin198687resultedintighterregulationsonoverseasstudy.In1987DengXiaopingsspeechcriticizingthe

9、largenumberofstudentsgoingtotheUnitedStatesbecameCentralDocumentNo.11(1987)promptedtheadoptionoftheStateEducationCommissions“DocumentNo.749“.ThisproposedtocuttheflowofstudentsgoingtotheUnitedStatesfrom68to20percentofthet

10、otalnumberofoverseasstudentspressurestudentsintheUnitedStatestoreturn.(1)In1988theStateEducationCommissionfcedlecturersinuniversities(manyofthemholdingMAs)toshiftfrom“private“to“public“passptsmakingthemeligiblefmerestric

11、tiveJ1studentvisasratherthanhighlyflexibleF1visas.AyearlateradebateensuedaboutthewhetherChinashouldcontinuetosendstudentsoverseas.(2)DuringameetingaboutoverseasstudythenChineseCommunistPartyGeneralSecretaryZhaoZiyangtook

12、alongtermperspectivedescribingChinasbraindrainas“stingbrainpoweroverseas“.SimilarlytheStateScienceTechnologyCommissionwasinfavourofsendingmepeopleabroaddespitethebraindrainarguingthatonlythosewhostayedabroadwouldreallyle

13、arnthepositivequalityofAmericanscientificresearchthuscontributetoChinasscientificadvancement.HowevertheStateEducationCommissionmeconservativeconcernedabout“face“feltthatthelackofreturneescalledfatighteningoftheoutflow.Th

14、eTiananmencrackdownof1989reinfcedthetendencytorestricttheflowledtheStatetoviewmostoverseasstudentsasthreatstotheCommunistParty.Aninhospitableenvironmentwastherefecreatedfthosewhocontemplatedreturning.Internaldocumentsatt

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