外商直接投資增加國內企業(yè)的生產力嗎？基于后向關聯(lián)溢出的研究【外文翻譯】

1、一、外文原文DoesFeignDirectInvestmentIncreasetheProductivityofDomesticFirmsInSearchofSpilloversthroughBackwardLinkagesIntroductionFollowingtheadviceofmultilateraldevelopmentagenciespolicymakersinmanydevelopingtransitioneconomi

2、esplaceattractingfeigndirectinvestment(FDI)highontheiragendaexpectingFDIinflowstobringnewtechnologiesknowhowthuscontributetoincreasingproductivitycompetitivenessofdomesticindustries.Manycountriesgobeyondnationaltreatment

3、ofmultinationalsbyofferingfeigncompaniesthroughsubsidiestaxholidaysmefavableconditionsthanthosegrantedtodomesticfirms.AstheeconomicrationalefthisspecialtreatmentpolicymakerscitepositiveexternalitiesgeneratedbyFDIthroughp

4、roductivityspilloverstodomesticfirms.Theonlytroubleisthatthereisnoproofthatpositiveproductivityexternalitiesgeneratedbyfeignpresenceactuallyexist.AsDaniRodrik(1999)remarked“todayspolicyliteratureisfilledwithextravagantcl

5、aimsaboutpositivespilloversfromFDIbuttheevidenceissobering.“indeedthedifficultiesassociatedwithdisentanglingdifferenteffectsatplaydatalimitationshavepreventedresearchersfromprovidingconclusiveevidenceofpositiveexternalit

6、iesresultingfromFDI.Whilerecentfirmlevelstudieshaveovercomemanyofthedifficultiesfacedbytheearlierliteraturethemessageemergingfromthemisnotveryoptimistic.Theexistingliteratureonthissubjectisofthreekinds.Firsttherearecases

7、tudiesincludingdeionspertainingtoparticularFDIprojectsspecificcountrieswhichhoweverrarelyofferquantitativeinfmationarenoteasilygeneralized(seefinstanceRheeBelot1989Man2001).Thenthereisaplethaofindustrylevelstudiesmostofw

8、hichshowapositivecrelationbetweenfillingthisgapintheliterature.Thepurposeofthisstudyistwofold.Firstweexaminewhethertheproductivityofdomesticfitmsiscrelatedwiththepresenceofmultinationalsindownstreamsects.Detectingsuchane

9、ffectwouldbeconsistentwiththeexistenceofbroadlydefinedspilloversthroughbackwardlinkages.Weimproveovertheexistingliteraturebytakingintoaccounteconometricproblemsthatmayhavebiasedtheresultsofearlierwk.Namelyweemploythesemi

10、parametricestimationmethodsuggestedbyOlleyPakes(1996)toaccountfendogeneityofinputdem.Meoverwecrectstarderrstotakeintoaccountthefactthatthemeasuresofpotentialspilloversareindustryspecificwhiletheobservationsinthedatasetar

11、eatthefirmlevel.AsMoulton(1990)pointedoutfailingtomakesuchacrectionwillleadtoseriousdownwardbiasintheestimatederrsthusresultinginspuriousfindingofstatisticalsignificanceftheaggregatevariableofinterest.Secondwegobeyondthe

12、existingliteraturebysheddingsomelightondeterminantsofspillovers.Weexaminewhetherpotentialbenefitsstemmingfromverticallinkagesarerelatedtoexptientationofmultinationalsindownstreamsectstheextentoffeignownershipinaffiliates

13、.Basedoncasestudiesinvestsurveysthesefactshaveoftenbeenconjecturedtoinfluencetheextentbenefitsofbackwardlinkagesbuttothebestofourknowledgetheirimpacthasnotbeensystematicallyexamined.Ouranalysisisbasedonthedatafromtheannu

14、alenterprisesurveyconductedbytheLithuanianStatisticalOffice.Thesurveycoverageisextensiveasfirmsaccountingfabout85percentofoutputineachsectareincluded.Thedataconstituteanunbalancedpanelspanningovertheperiod19962000.Focusi

15、ngonatransitioneconomysuchasLithuaniaseemsverysuitablefthisprojectastheendowmentofskilledlabenjoyedbytransitioncountriesmakesthemaparticularlylikelyplacewhereproductivityspilloverscouldmanifestthemselves.Ourresultscanbes

16、ummarizedasfollows.WefindempiricalevidenceconsistentwiththeexistenceofpositivespilloversfromFDItakingplacethroughbackwardlinkagesbutnoindicationofspilloversoccurringthroughhizontalchannels.Inotherwdsfirmproductivityispos