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1、CivilWarReconstruction:Lecture5TranJanuary292008backProfessDavidBlight:InsomewaysthegreatestwitnessestherearemanymanywitnessesofthecomingoftheCivilWarwhatcauseditwhatspercolatingfrombeneaththesocietyoftheSouthwevelookeda
2、tthesocietyoftheNthinsomanywaysofcoursethegreatestwitnessestheirstieshaveonlybeenwithusinaseriousrobustwayfthepastcoupleofdecadessoafewdecadesarethoseoftheslavesthemselves.Ifitwassomehowallabouttheminvaryingkindofironicw
3、aysfolksonbothsideswillsaythatifitissomehowallaboutthemwhatdidtheythinkThisweekyourereadingthegreatestoftheslavenarratives.FrederickDouglasssfirstautobiographypublishedin1845isIstillwouldmaintainthegreatestoftheslavenarr
4、ativescertainlyinaliterarysense.Hewasanalmostmysticallybrilliantwriterfonesoyoung.Hefirstdraftedthiswhenhewas26.Heescapedfromslaverywhenhewas20yearsold.Youllfindoutinthetexthowhelearnedhisliteracy.Helearneditfirstfromhis
5、whitemistressMissSophiawhobecamelikeanangelicmotherfiguretohimuntilshetooklanguageawayfromhim.ThebookisfullofmetaphitisfullofonekindoftalestyafteranotherthatDouglassshapesintotellingafreesty.Tellingafreestyasthegreatlite
6、rarycriticofthisgenreBillrewshasputit.FafugitiveslavetoemergeintheNthernstatesfthatmatterafugitiveslavewhogoestoBritainlikeOlaudahEquianodidAfricanbnsowestillthinkwriteshisstyinBritainbutfafugitiveslavetowritehisherstypu
7、blishitinEnglishinthewesternwldwastosay:“ImapersonoflettersIamsomebodyIhaveahistyIamfreebutIamnotfreeuntilyouletmewriteIwillmakemyselffreeifImustbytellingyouwhoIam.“WhenafugitiveslavecouldgotoEnglholduphisbookinfrontofhu
8、geaudiencesDouglassspokeinLondonatonepointbefe10000peoplein1846hecouldholdhislittlebookupinhishhecouldprobablyatthatmomentfeelfreerthanhedeverfeltbecausehecouldactuallysay“thisiswhoIamImnotamanufacturedidentityImnotwhaty
9、ounecessarilywantmetobe.Iwonttalkthewayyouexpectmetotalk.IwontscratchmyheadwhenItellmysty.“Butwhatasty.WhenIwasafledglinggraduatestudentnotknowingwhatIwasdoingwritingadissertationonFrederickDouglassacoupleafewdecadesagoa
10、newbookhadcomeoutcalledYoungFrederickDouglass.ItwasawonderfulstudyofDouglasssyouth.Ithadbeenwrittenbyajournalistsohewashardtofindhewasntanacademic.ThisispreemailpreGoogleprelotsofthings.IwrotetohispublisherJohnsHopkinsUn
11、iversityPresssaidcanyougivemeaphonenumberfDickPrestonDicksonPrestonwashisname.Theysaid“yeshereshisphonenumber.“IwasinWashingtonD.C.doingresearchcalledhim.HelivedontheEasternSheofMarylthatmuchIknewwhichiswhereDouglassgrew
12、up.IdidntknowmuchaboutDickexceptthathehadwrittenthisextradinarybookonDouglasssyouth.InfactitwasPrestonwhoactuallydiscoveredDouglasssbirthdate.Douglasswasoneyearyoungerthanheevernarrativeswereabout.Theywereactsoftellingth
13、atinsomewaysmadethefmerslavealmostliterallyfreebyanactoflanguage.Languageitselftoafmerslavewhocouldwritewasafmofliberation.Wetendtotakeitfgrantedtodaythesebookslanguage.Okayabolitionismitsroots.Refmersthebarrierstheyface
14、d.Imgoingtorunthroughthiswithsomespeedthenthestagesinthedevelopmentofanantislaveryimpulseletscallitthattobeginwith.ItbeginswiththisideaofcolonizationcolonizingAfricanAmericanfreedpeoplefmerslavesoutsidetheUnitedStatesani
15、deathatneverlostitskindofbeguilingholdontheAmericanimaginationevenwellaftertheCivilWarironically.thenontoameradicalizedfmofantislaverythinkingactionexemplifiedespeciallybyWilliamLloydGarrisonbutbyahostofotherblackwhiteab
16、olitionists.thenIwanttowkyouatleasttothestyinmythrealityoftheUndergroundRailroadsinceitissomuchapartofourimaginationofthisstyitwouldatleastIhopetakeustothepointofunderstingwhythatFugitiveSlaveActthatwellhearaboutonThursd
17、ayintonextweekthatFugitivethatFederalFugitiveSlaveActpassedin1850inthecompromiseof1850thatflowedoutoftheMexicanWarwhythatFugitiveSlaveActwassopertinentsodivisivesosignificantinthekindsofwaysAmericanswerebeginningtodivide
18、overthefutureoffreelabslavelabwhatever.TheymayhavethoughtaboutAfricanAmericansastheirneighbs.ButpermitmetouseEmersonagainatleastbriefly.Thisideaofrefm.ImentionedlasttimethatstofendedtherethatinAmericanHistywevehadatleast
19、fourmajrefmeraswavesofrefm.certainlythisisthefirst.InAntebellumAmericafromthe1820sthroughthe1850sallkindsofrefmfermentcametothesurface.SometimesthatwasagainstfloggingintheNavy.Sometimesitwasinutopianexperimentscommunitie
20、s.SometimesthatwasinWomensRights.SometimesthatwasinTemperancewhichwasbyfarthatistheantialcoholantiboozeantidemonrummovementTemperancewasbyfarthemostwidespreadAmericanrefmmovementinpreCivilWartimes.Itwasprobablytheonlymaj
21、refmmovementthatgotaholdintheSouth.PersonalrefmofsomestwassomethingthatthatSouthernsocietywelookedataslavesocietyaveryhierarchicalsocietycertainkindsofpersonalrefmthatdealtwithpersonalpietybehavicouldtakeholdintheSouthbr
22、oadersocialrefmsthatwouldchallengethesocialdernotsomuch.ButlistentoEmerson.Inhisessaycalled“MantheRefmer“thinkaboutourowntimes.“Whatismanbnf“saidEmerson.“Whatismanbnfbuttobearefmer“Nowhemayberightwrongaboutthisyoucandeci
23、de.“AremakerofwhatmanhasmadearenouncerofliesaresteroftruthgoodimitatingthatgreatNature“notethemetaphhere“whichembosomsusallwhichsleepsnomomentonanoldpastbuteveryhourrepairsherselfyieldinguseverymninganewdaywitheverypulsa
24、tionanewlife.Lethimrenounceeverythingwhichisnottruetohimputallhispracticesbackontheirfirstthoughtsdonothingfwhichhehasnotthewholewldfhisreason.“Emersonisarguingrightwrongthatyouarearefmerbynature.Naturerecreatesitselfdai
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