高三英語語法專題復(fù)習講義名詞

1、2008 屆高三英語語法專題復(fù)習講義-名詞一、名 詞 【要點點撥】一、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則:1.規(guī)則變化:加-s, -es; 輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的去 y 加 ies;把 f/ fe 變成 ves;(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes;tomatoes; Negroes;

2、 dingoes (2) 縮寫,數(shù)字,字母等在后面加 s 或’s 都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word “l(fā)etter”. 2.不規(guī)則變化:(1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen 等;(2) 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同:sheep;

3、deer; fish; means; works(工廠); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas,fruits, fishes, metals 等表示種類);(3)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式:trousers, glasses(眼鏡);remains(遺體/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目錄); goods;customs(海關(guān)); arms(武器); (4)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoe shop

4、s; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law(5)表示某國人的復(fù)數(shù)形式:A:單復(fù)一樣:(Chinese / Japanese) B: 把 man 變成 men : Englishmen;Frenchmen; C:其它加 s (包括 Germans,humans)二、不可數(shù)名詞1.量的表示：用 some / a little / much 等表示數(shù)量的詞（組）及單位名詞（量詞

5、），用得較多的有 piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar 等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information /equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf ofbread; a bar of chocol

6、ate ; two head of cattle2.不可數(shù)名詞具體化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success.三、名詞的所有格：1.表示有生命的名詞后加’s, 如一樣東西為幾人共有，則在最后一個名詞后加’s: Jack andTom’s room(兩人共有的房間); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms（兩人各自的房間）；表示無生命的名詞的所

7、有格用 of 表示：the windows of the room;(但表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構(gòu)等無生命的名詞后也可加’s: China’s industry;today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)2.表示“某人家里”“某店鋪”等的名詞所有格后省略所修飾的名詞：at my aunt’s (house);at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (

8、shop);3.雙重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such /another / which 等+名詞+of +…..’s / 名詞性物主代詞（表示“部分”的概念或表示某種感情色彩，如：贊賞、討厭等）；比較：a friend of her mother’s 她母親的一個朋友（強調(diào)她母親的朋友中的

9、一位，為雙重所有格）a friend of her mother 她母親的朋友（強調(diào)兩人間的關(guān)系，為 of 所有格）a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所擁有的照片中的一張，照片上不一定是他本人)a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一張照片，照片上就是他本人）四、名詞作定語修飾名詞：前一個名詞表示后一個名詞的特點、性質(zhì)及用途；(1)一般前面的名詞用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)加在后面主體名詞上：sh

10、oe shop(s); story book(s);coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 個別名詞修飾另外一個名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式： sales manager;sports meet; 由 man / woman 與另一個名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞兩者都變復(fù)數(shù)： men/ women15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just tur

11、ned it off.A. mistake B. fault C. duty D. error16. ------What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?------500 yuan.------Oh, it’s really too expensive.-------But it’s comfortable, so I think it’s good _______ for

12、 money.A. cost; value B. price; value C. price; cost D. cost; price17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口譯員)at the conference on TV?A. performance B. achievement C. material D. words18.She

13、 is not in good _______for such heavy work.A. state B. condition C. position D. situation19.It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.A. manners B. action C. m