國(guó)際大公司安全管理——起重吊裝安全知識(shí)(中英文版)----69頁(yè)

1、Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging / Level 1 起重吊裝安全知識(shí) / 初級(jí),,Purpose 培訓(xùn)目的,,Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí)Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊裝

2、作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Understand and Follow Site Control SOP-Lifting 了解并遵守施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程Reduce Lifting & Rigging RiskImprove Lifting & Rigging safety situation 減少吊裝起重作業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，改進(jìn)吊裝起重作業(yè)安全狀態(tài),Training Content 培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容,,Site

3、control of SOP-Lifting施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程,Summary and Discussion 總結(jié)與討論,Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識(shí),Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí),1、Lifting machine 起重機(jī)械2、Slings 索具3、S

4、ignals 起重信號(hào)4、L&R Staff & Responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí),Lifting machine 起重機(jī)械,Lifting machine 起重機(jī)械,Ⅰ. Definition of LM 起重機(jī)械的定義 Lifting machine refers

5、 to special equipment for elevation and moving objects/materials by hooks or other hangers,riggings. 起重機(jī)是通過(guò)吊鉤或其他吊具起升、搬運(yùn)物料的特種機(jī)械設(shè)備Ⅱ. Types of LM 起重機(jī)械的種類,Crane 起重機(jī)(Tower Crane塔式起重機(jī)）,Others 其他起重設(shè)備（Lifting jack, chain hoi

6、st千斤頂、手動(dòng)葫蘆）,Lifting Machine起重機(jī)械,,Lifting 升降機(jī)、卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī),,Lifting machine inspection 起重機(jī)械的檢測(cè),What to Inspect需要檢測(cè)什么,Annual Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be performed by an authorized institute起重機(jī)械的檢測(cè)必須由有資質(zhì)的機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行Th

7、e person in charge must maintain a record of these inspections負(fù)責(zé)人必須對(duì)這些檢測(cè)進(jìn)行記錄,Annual Inspection 年檢,Crane wasn’t inspectedand tipped over吊車(chē)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，并且已經(jīng)傾倒,Lifting machine inspection 起重機(jī)械的檢測(cè),What to Inspect需要檢測(cè)什么,Proper

8、 air pressure and no leakage 正確的氣壓，沒(méi)有泄露Tires properly inflated 輪胎內(nèi)氣體充足Wire rope wear 鋼絲繩的磨損Physical damage to crane 吊車(chē)的損壞Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts 硬件、螺母或螺絲釘?shù)膩G失Fluid leakage 液體泄露Limit S

9、witch 限位裝置Swing radius 旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑,Who will be in charge of inspection 誰(shuí)將負(fù)責(zé)起重機(jī)械的檢測(cè),Rigger/Crane Operator 起重工/吊車(chē)司機(jī),The rigger must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to start-up and during use, to make sure that it is in

10、 safe work condition. 起重工必須在使用前檢查所有的機(jī)器和設(shè)備，并且在使用過(guò)程中確保各個(gè)操作條件的安全I(xiàn)f crane needs fixing, it will be taken out of service until reparation completion.如果需要維修，則不再使用此機(jī)器直至維修完畢,BrokenTrack破損的履帶,,Self-elevated Crane Tower 自升

11、塔式起重機(jī),Normally the first anchorage fixing should be 25 meter above ground distance, not be allowed to exceed 50 meters, then every 16 to 20 meters needs to fix anchor once.第一道錨固裝置距地面一般為25米，最大不超過(guò)50米。以后每16－20米錨固一道。The de

12、viation of tower verticality should be less than 2%塔的垂直度偏差不大于2%。Frequent check should be performed on fixing situation of anchorage fixing apparatus 經(jīng)常檢查錨固裝置的牢固程度。,Safety devices 安全裝置： Operation protective devices:

13、 load limit, moment limit, lead limit switch, etc. 操作保護(hù)裝置：載重限制器，力矩限制器，行程限位等。 Electric protective devices: zero protection, maximum relay, emergency switch, fuse cutout switch, etc. 電器保護(hù)裝置：零位保護(hù)，過(guò)電流繼電器，緊急開(kāi)關(guān)，熔斷保

14、護(hù)等。,Safe Operation Procedure for Tower Crane Lifting(SOP-Lifting) 塔式起重機(jī)的安全操作規(guī)程,It is obliged that tower crane operator must hold the certificate at hand which issued by the National Ministry of Labor. 塔式起重機(jī)司機(jī)必須持有經(jīng)國(guó)家勞動(dòng)

15、部門(mén)考核合格并頒發(fā)的上崗證，執(zhí)證上崗；Newly assembled or repaired crane must perform trial-run test and be inspected & qualified by authority bureau then can be put into operation. 新安裝和經(jīng)修復(fù)的起重機(jī)，必須進(jìn)行試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，經(jīng)有關(guān)權(quán)威部門(mén)確認(rèn)合格后方可使用；Requirement pri

16、or to crane operation: 操作前檢查要求： Check the transmission parts, decelerator, and ensure the oil is enough; check the bolts of every part are properly fastened. 檢查各傳動(dòng)部分、減速器、油量是否充足，各部分螺栓是否緊固； After control switch

17、is closed, check the outside cover of electric appliance and manipulator to ensure in safe condition. 在總開(kāi)關(guān)閉合后，用試電筆檢查電器及控制器外殼，確認(rèn)安全； Inspect the wear status of wire sling. 檢查鋼絲繩的磨損情況； Prior to crane oper

18、ation, complete inspection needs to be carried out to make sure that manipulator, transmission part and brake gear are in good condition. 工作開(kāi)始前，做一次全面檢查，檢查各控制器及傳動(dòng)裝置、制動(dòng)裝置的可靠性。,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging

19、 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí),Slings 索 具,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識(shí),,Wire rope 鋼絲繩,Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖),Coir rope 棕繩,Clasp 卡環(huán),Rope lock 繩卡,Elasticity conditioner 松緊器,,,Ropes 繩(帶),Fixture卡具,Hook 吊鉤,Slings索

20、具,,Slings 索具,Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖),Clasp 卡環(huán),Rope Cappel 繩卡,Hook 吊鉤,Slings Legend 索具圖例,,Wire rope 鋼絲繩,Wire rope 鋼絲繩,Wire ropes are divided by numbers of strands and the number of wires in each strand. 鋼絲繩按繩股數(shù)及每股中的鋼絲數(shù)區(qū)分。

21、There are 6*7, 7*7, 6*19, 6*37, 6*61 types, etc. Among them, 6*19 and 6*37 are widely used in L&R. Wire rope of 6*19 is used as cable and sling while 6*37 is used in pulley block and as sling. 有6股7絲，7股7絲，6股19絲，6股

22、37絲及6股61絲等。吊裝中常用的有6×19、6×37兩種。6×19鋼絲繩可作纜風(fēng)繩和吊索；6×37鋼絲繩用于穿滑車(chē)組和作吊索。鋼絲繩的安全系數(shù) Safety Coefficient of Wire Rope Usage as 用途 Safety coefficient 安全系數(shù)Cable 用作纜風(fēng)繩

23、 3.5Sling without twist 用作無(wú)扭曲的吊索時(shí) 6~7Manual-control lifting machine 用于手動(dòng)起重設(shè)備 4.5Lashing sling 用作捆綁吊索

24、 8~10Power-driven lifting machine 用于電動(dòng)起重設(shè)備 5~6Carrying persons 用于載人的升降機(jī) 14,Wire Rope 鋼絲繩,Fixed ropes have more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond en

25、d connections or more than one broken wire at one end connection。固定鋼絲繩的一捻,在遠(yuǎn)離末端連接處的地方有兩條以上斷掉的金屬絲,或者在末端連接處有一條以上斷掉的金屬絲;Running ropes have six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three broken wires in one stra

26、nd in one lay。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鋼絲繩的一捻中有六處任意分布的斷掉的金屬絲或者在其一股中有三條斷的金屬絲;Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caused by abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 獨(dú)立的鋼絲繩外表由于磨損,擦洗,壓扁或者錘擊等原因磨損了它原來(lái)直徑的1

27、/3;Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure; 扭結(jié),破碎,籠形畸變或是其他的損壞而導(dǎo)致鋼絲繩結(jié)構(gòu)的變形;Evidence of heat damage by any causes. 由任何原因引起的熱破壞現(xiàn)象。,Wire rope should be replaced in se

28、veral circumstances, including, but not limited to:鋼絲繩在以下情況下必須更換，但不僅限于,Wire Rope Usage Regulations 鋼絲繩使用規(guī)定,Certificate 證書(shū) All wire ropes must passed the test of LF assigned authority Institute with issued cer

29、tificate prior to usage; 所有的鋼絲繩在使用前必須通過(guò)拉法基指定權(quán)威認(rèn)證檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)的測(cè)試并有簽發(fā)的證書(shū).Tag 吊簽 Any tags used in wire rope should include two aspects of information, sling reference No. & safe working load. 鋼絲繩所用的吊簽應(yīng)包括兩個(gè)信

30、息: 鋼絲繩編號(hào)及安全工作負(fù)荷,Only Wire rope meeting the following requirements can be used at site :鋼繩只有滿足下面的要求,方能在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用:,Wire Rope 鋼絲繩,,,,,,Kink 擰曲,Twist 扭曲,Birdcage 籠形畸變,Broken 破損,,,,Introduction of Steel Sling Splicing

31、 鋼絲繩插接的介紹,Requirement and specifications for sling splicing 插接的要求與規(guī)定 At least five times are required for each strand of wire rope when splicing. Loop should have minimum 15mm of lap butt at the end,

32、 in order to restrain from retraction when sling pulls. 鋼絲繩每股插接的次數(shù)不能低于五次。插接尾部要留15MM的“毛頭”， 以備吊索受拉后回縮。,Principle of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁原則,,,Find out the load gravity center; 找到被吊裝物體的重心Slings used must meet l

33、oad requirement;所用的索具必須滿足被吊裝重物的要求Ensure stability of L&R operation; 保證吊裝的平穩(wěn)Proper lashing method 正確的綁扎方式,General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁鋼絲繩常識(shí),Methods of Lashing 綁扎方式,Example of Tight Lashing M

34、ethod穩(wěn)固的綁扎,General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁鋼絲繩常識(shí),Correct 對(duì)√,Wrong 錯(cuò),Fixture卡具,CORRECT 正確 √,Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.數(shù)量、方向、間距和扭矩都要以正確的方式安裝,Installing Wire Rop

35、e Clips 繩卡的安裝,Proper installation method of “Safe bent” 安裝鋼絲繩夾放“安全彎”方法,General Knowledge of Guide-rope Application 溜繩使用常識(shí),It is necessary to use guide-rope during L&R operation.吊裝時(shí)設(shè)置溜繩是非常必要的。Function

36、s:Ensure the load stability; prevent load from swinging; increase dynamic load. 作用：保證被吊物品的穩(wěn)定性，防止被吊裝物體的擺動(dòng)，增加動(dòng)載荷。The length of guide-rope is determined by the load height.溜繩的長(zhǎng)度視吊裝的高度而定。Note: it is not allowed to pull

37、load slantly.注意：不允許用溜繩斜拉被吊裝物品。,Fixture卡具,Manufacturers’ specification. 根據(jù)廠家規(guī)格Never weld on hooks.不允許在吊鉤上焊接Work with safety latch. 吊裝使用安全插銷,Hooks are designed to apply the load at the bottom of the saddle. 吊鉤的載荷

38、受力于鞍部底端,LOAD,Hooks 吊鉤,Hand Signal 起重手語(yǔ),An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job site在工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)必須張貼一張手勢(shì)信號(hào)的圖示說(shuō)明,Remarks: While using hand signal, corresponding whistling tone should be adopted. 強(qiáng)調(diào)：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)吊裝使用起重手語(yǔ)時(shí)，

39、必須配合哨語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用。,Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本安全知識(shí),Staff and Responsibilities起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),Staff and Responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),Crane operator 起重機(jī)司機(jī) Signal man 信號(hào)員 Rigger 起重工 L&R superv

40、isor 吊裝監(jiān)督員,Crane operator 起重機(jī)司機(jī),,Staff and Responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),1. Ensure all overhanging parts are fully and safely equipped. Check the levelling of outrigger, verify the loading status of foundation and frequent

41、ly oberserve the foundation change at the location of outrigger. 保證所有的外伸部分都充分配置并且是安全的;檢查支腿的水平,核實(shí)地基的承載;觀察支腿處的地基變化.2. Prior to L&R start-up, place all limit switches at non-load position then perform operational test

42、ing. 在進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)之前，將所有的限制開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)置為無(wú)荷載狀態(tài)進(jìn)行操作測(cè)試。3. Estimate and calculate the load weight before L&R operation. 在起吊之前確定物體的重量。4. In case of obstacles within radius of turn, any L&R operations are forbidden to proce

43、ed; 在旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑上有任何障礙物時(shí)不能起吊任何物體。Without clear signal from signal man, not allowed to operate any L&R. 在沒(méi)有從信號(hào)工那里得到清晰的信號(hào)之前不能起吊任何物體。6. Be capable of correctly understanding hand signals. 能正確的理解手語(yǔ)信號(hào)。,Signal Man 信

44、號(hào)員,Check with the rigger to ensure load is proper equipped before giving the signals. 在發(fā)出信號(hào)前和起重工確認(rèn)，保證吊裝物體裝配得當(dāng)。Give the clear and correct signals to crane operator 向起重機(jī)司機(jī)發(fā)出準(zhǔn)確而清晰的信號(hào)。,Staff and responsibilities

45、 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),Rigger 起重工,Inspect & guarantee that lifting devices are correctly chosen and used;檢查保證使用正確的起重器具。Check the rope knot-tying method as well as sling angle to avoid sling over-load. 檢查繩結(jié)方法/吊索角度，避免出現(xiàn)繩索的過(guò)載.

46、Ensure load stability. When object is 200-500mm above ground level, remain at that position for three to five minutes. Only after ensure object is stable enough then continue to proceed. 保證吊裝物體的穩(wěn)定性。當(dāng)?shù)跷锏跗鹁嗟孛?00mm-500mm停止

47、3到5分鐘，確保物體穩(wěn)定后再繼續(xù)吊裝.Prevent lifted loose material from falling down and make sure spare parts/components are at same length. 防止吊起的松散材料落下；保證散件吊裝物的長(zhǎng)短一致。Adopt correct wire rope lashing method. It is required that there ar

48、e at least two suspension points for spare parts/components L&R.采用正確的捆綁方式,散件吊點(diǎn)不能少于2點(diǎn)。Adopt proper lashing methods to avoid damage of wire rope knot during L&R. 在吊裝過(guò)程中采用合適的方法避免繩結(jié)損壞。Use guide-line according to

49、L&R object height to lessen swing of objects. 根據(jù)吊裝物體的高度使用溜繩,避免物體的擺動(dòng)。,Staff and Responsibility 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),L&R Supervisor 吊裝監(jiān)督員,Supervise and guarantee the L&R operation is carried out by the approved MS

50、. 監(jiān)督并確保吊裝作業(yè)按照審核批準(zhǔn)的吊裝方案實(shí)施.Make sure that crane operator is competent with training certificate. 保證讓培訓(xùn)過(guò)且持有合格證書(shū)的的司機(jī)操作起重機(jī)。Make sure that rigger and signal man are competent. 保證讓有資質(zhì)的起重工和信號(hào)員進(jìn)行吊裝工作。Direct crane

51、operator, rigger and signal man to take their own reponsibilities. 在安全吊裝過(guò)程中指揮起重機(jī)司機(jī)、起重工和信號(hào)員各負(fù)其責(zé)。Adopt proper measures to avoid hazards once unsafe situation need to be reported. 一旦有不安全的情況報(bào)告，他應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧?。Ensure all

52、 the L&R safely operated. 保證所有吊裝操作都安全的執(zhí)行,Staff and Responsibility 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責(zé),Distribution of Weight and Gravity Center as well Sling Connection 吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接,Know the Weight of the Load了解裝載的重量,U

53、se shipping ticket or other documentation as reference. 參照貨運(yùn)單和其他文件中的數(shù)據(jù)Ensure lift calculations are correct 確保提升數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算正確Make sure that load is within load rated capacity for boom length and load radius of crane.

54、 確保荷載量是在懸臂長(zhǎng)度和荷載半徑額定量之內(nèi)Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift. 吊車(chē)是以最大重量制定的額定量，它將以最小的半徑和最小的懸臂長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行升

55、降-距中心越遠(yuǎn)，提升的重量越小,Sling Angles吊角,Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊裝安全工作負(fù)荷計(jì)算的基本知識(shí),How Horizontal Angle Affects Sling Capacity 水平角如何影響繩索的承重力,90?,60°,45°,30°,Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊裝安全工作

56、負(fù)荷計(jì)算的基本知識(shí),Sling Angle Factor 吊角公式,Where:L = Length of the sling. 繩索長(zhǎng)度H = Height of the connection point from the horizontal plane of the load.連接點(diǎn)到水平吊物的距離,Sling Angle Factor = L/H,Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL

57、 吊裝安全工作負(fù)荷計(jì)算的基本知識(shí),Traveling with a Load 行進(jìn)裝載,Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識(shí),Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因,Knowledge of Safe Lift

58、ing & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識(shí),Understand Hazard Types and Causes of L & R 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因,Types of Hazards 危害種類Overturns 傾覆Falls 墜落Electrocution 觸電Compress 擠(壓)Struck-down 物體擊打Fire 火災(zāi)Other haza

59、rds 其它傷害,Hazards Types and Causes of L&R Work 起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因,How Do Accidents Occur?事故是如何發(fā)生的？,Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not even or too soft 不穩(wěn)定性 - 裝載不穩(wěn)定、超載、或者是地面不達(dá)標(biāo)或是

60、土質(zhì)過(guò)軟Lack of communication - the point of operation is too far from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator; 缺乏溝通 - 操作點(diǎn)距吊車(chē)司機(jī)過(guò)遠(yuǎn)或是不能完全控制在司機(jī)的視野內(nèi)Lack of training 缺乏培訓(xùn)Inadequate maintenance or inspect

61、ion 維護(hù)不足或檢查不當(dāng),Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程,Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識(shí),Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程,Risk assessment風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,Crane Inspection Check List吊車(chē)進(jìn)場(chǎng)檢驗(yàn),L&

62、;R MS Approval 吊裝方案審批,,,Issuance of PTW簽發(fā)吊裝作業(yè)許可證,Supervision at site 吊裝過(guò)程安全監(jiān)督,Inspection after work finish 吊裝結(jié)束檢驗(yàn),,,,,,,Site Inspection before start-up 施工前現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢驗(yàn),Categories an

63、d Requirements of site L&R operation 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)吊裝種類的范疇及相應(yīng)要求,1, Normal lift 常規(guī)吊裝作業(yè) Executed as per SOP-Lifting, only with necessary records or paperwork accroding to site requirement ; 按照吊裝SOP（吊裝操作流程）進(jìn)行，只需要按照現(xiàn)場(chǎng)

64、要求，做必要的記錄或紙質(zhì)文件； Normal lifts can only be performed by the dedicated operation team. In absence of signal man, rigger can perform his duty. 常規(guī)吊裝作業(yè)必須由指定的吊裝小組進(jìn)行。在信號(hào)員不在場(chǎng)的情況下，起重工可行使信號(hào)員的功能.2, Hazardous lift 危險(xiǎn)性吊裝Under t

65、he following situations, lifts are regarded as hazardous lifts 在下述情形下，視為危險(xiǎn)性吊裝More than 30 tons, > 30噸>80% of crane capacity at proposed operation radius 在規(guī)定操作半徑下，被吊物重量達(dá)吊車(chē)負(fù)荷的80%Double lifts 使用兩臺(tái)吊車(chē)抬吊設(shè)備Equi

66、pment need to be assembled at site prior to L&R operation 需要進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組對(duì)的設(shè)備吊裝,Categories and Requirements of site L&R operation 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)吊裝種類的范疇及相應(yīng)要求,Requirements 要求: Full written Lifting Plan( including MS &am

67、p; Risk Assessment) approved by LF Safe Lifting Supervisor 拉法基吊裝安全工程師審批的全套書(shū)面吊裝計(jì)劃, 包括施工方案及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 Norminated team dedicated to that particular lift (number and tasks as per MS) 指定的吊裝隊(duì)伍負(fù)責(zé)某項(xiàng)特定的吊裝作業(yè)(數(shù)量及任務(wù)根據(jù)施工方案內(nèi)容)

68、 Record of pre-inspection / toolbox meeting / lifting operation record 吊裝前檢查記錄 / 班前會(huì) / 吊裝工作記錄3, Large-scale lifts (more than 40 tons) 大型吊裝(重量大于40噸) Requirements 要求: Need documents mentioned in the second

69、category in addition to special PTW for large-scale lifts. 上述2.中的所有條件, 以及大型吊裝作業(yè)許可證PTW,,Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全起重吊裝控制流程,Risk Assessment風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估表,Risk Assessment - L & R風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估表,,Site Control of SOP-Lift