美國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)整理手動

1、美國文學(xué)史整理美國文學(xué)史整理一、一、ColonialAmerica殖民時(shí)期殖民時(shí)期1、NewEngl：MaineNewHampshireVermontMassachusettsRhodeIslConnecticut.2、DoctrinesofPuritanism清教清教AmericanPuritanismstressedpredestination（命運(yùn)神定)iginalsin（原罪）totaldepravity(徹底的墮落)limit

2、edatonement(有限的贖罪)fromGod’sgrace.3、Writingstyle：freshsimpledirectwithatouchofnobility；therheticisplainhonest.4、Lifestyle：hardwkthriftpietysobriety.5、Mainwriter:①ThomasPaine托馬斯托馬斯潘恩潘恩wk：CommonSense(1776)《常識》AmericanCrisis

3、(17761783)《美國危機(jī)》TheRightsofMan《人權(quán)》TheAgeofReason《理性時(shí)代》②BenjaminFranklin（本杰明（本杰明富蘭克林）富蘭克林）PoRid’sAlmanac《窮查理歷書》Autobiography《富蘭克林自傳》③ThomasJefferson托馬斯托馬斯杰弗遜杰弗遜DeclarationofIndependence(1776)《獨(dú)立宣言》二、二、AmericanRomanticism(

4、earlyperiod)浪漫主義前期浪漫主義前期1、acteristics：①Arebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.反對理性主義的客觀性。②Feelingsintuitionsemotionsweremeimptantfromanticsthanreasoncommonsense.感受、直覺和情感重于理性和常識。③Anemphasisonindividualismplacingthei

5、ndividualagainstthegroupagainstauthity.強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義將個(gè)人與團(tuán)體反對權(quán)威。④Stressonthecloserelationshipbetweenmannature.強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然之間的密切關(guān)系。⑤Finationwiththewildtheirregulartheindefinitetheremotethemysteriousthestrange瘋狂的迷戀不規(guī)則不定遠(yuǎn)程神秘奇怪⑥Cherishing

6、astronginterestinthepastespeciallythemedieval.對過去有強(qiáng)烈的興趣特別是中世紀(jì)。2、Features：NewexperienceintheAmericanRomanticism.AdeepinfluencefromtheAmericanPuritanism.The“newness”oftheAmericansasanation.surroundit.……Wecanneverhaveenough

7、ofNature.四、四、AmericanRomanticism(laterperiod)浪漫主義后期浪漫主義后期我們可以把超驗(yàn)主義產(chǎn)生之前的那一段稱為前期浪漫主義，而把19世紀(jì)30年代之后的文學(xué)稱為后期浪漫主義。前期浪漫主義是以歐文等人將美國文學(xué)提高到歐洲水平為特征，后期浪漫主義則是以超驗(yàn)主義激勵(lì)而起的“文藝復(fù)興”文學(xué)興起，并最終產(chǎn)生了獨(dú)立的美國文學(xué)為標(biāo)志。1、HighRomanticsinfiction①NathanielHawth

8、ne霍?；羯wiceToldTales(1837)《盡人皆知的故事》MossesfromanOldManse(1846)《古屋青苔》TheScarletletter(1850)《紅字》TheHouseofSeverGables(1851)《有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子》BlithedaleRomance(1852)《福谷傳奇》TheMarbleFaun(1860)《玉石雕像》OurOldHouse(1863)《我們的故居》②HermanMelv

9、ille赫爾曼赫爾曼麥爾維爾麥爾維爾MobyDick(1851)《白鯨》(pp113118)Pierre(1852)《皮埃爾》Typee(1846)《泰比》Omoo(1847)《奧穆》Mardi(1849)《瑪?shù)稀?、HighRomanticsinpoetry①EdgarAllanPoe艾倫艾倫坡TalesoftheGrotesqueArabesque(1840)《怪誕故事集》“TheRaven”(1845)《烏鴉》“AnnabelLe

10、e”(1849)《安娜貝爾李》②WaltWhitman沃爾特沃爾特惠特曼惠特曼LeavesofGrass《草葉集》FeaturesinWhitman’spoems：ganicfm：extremelylongnotconstrainedbythenumberofbeatsinaline.Thoughtrhythm：doesnotmoveintermsofbeatsbutintermsofthoughts.Parallelism：Thepa

11、rallellinessaythesamethingbutusedifferentwds.Cataloguingtechnique：longlistsofimagessightssoundssmellstastetouch.③Free③Freeverseverse(自由詩自由詩)④Emily④EmilyDickinsonDickinson艾米麗艾米麗狄金森狄金森Theme：Religion&faithBeauty&truthLife&d

12、eathNaturefriendshiplove&marriageWk：IdiedfbeautyFeatures：frequentuseofdashes（破折號），spadiccapitalizationofnouns（零星的名詞），convolutedungrammaticalphrasing（措辭費(fèi)解不合文法），offrhymes（壓尾韻）brokenmetersboldunconventionaloftenstartlingmet