腹透導管專業(yè)技術標準并發(fā)癥

1、腹膜透析導管技術的相關問題,王榮 于克洲山東省立醫(yī)院腎臟內科,腹膜透析導管種類導管置入技術目前存在的問題腹膜透析早期與晚期失敗的原因,由無毒的惰性材料制成, 可彎曲, 質量穩(wěn)定具備高的光潔度, 能夠有效避免微生物在其表面聚集而發(fā)生腹膜炎不透 X 線, 便于影像學檢查不受體溫、 透析液酸堿度、透析液成分及消毒劑的影響而發(fā)生質量改變, 以防止長期使用過程中發(fā)生化學性腹膜炎和異物反應導管應在皮下和腹膜上兩個部位牢固地與組織結

2、合, 以有效防止漏液和皮下隧道感染具有良好的生物相容性, 不易被大網膜包裹。,理想的腹膜透析導管,? Silicone rubber (nearly all catheters)? Polyurethane (Cruz catheter),Two main materials,The Most Commonly Used Catheters, by Inner and Outer Shaft Shape,(A) Flex-Neck

3、Tenckhoff catheter, silicone (Medigroup, Oswego,IL, U.S.A.);(B) Cruz Tenckhoff catheter, polyurethane; (C) Standard Tenckhof f catheter, silicone; (D) One intraperitoneal limb of the T-fluted catheter (Ash Advantage:

4、Ash Advantage Technology, Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.), silicone. From S. Ash, with permission.,2.6 mm, the standard size of the Tenckhoff catheter, swan-neck catheter, Missouri swan-neck catheter, and TWH catheter3.1 mm (Cru

5、z catheter)3.5 mm [Flex-Neck (Medigroup, Oswego, IL, U.S.A.)and Ash Advantage catheters],BMI > 35,腹膜透析導管種類導管置入技術目前存在的問題腹膜透析早期與晚期失敗的原因,外科手術置管法腹腔鏡置管法X線透視下置管術,導管置入技術,腹膜透析導管種類導管置入技術目前存在的問題腹膜透析早期與晚期失敗的原因,PD置管過程中常見

6、的并發(fā)癥,內臟損傷導管移位網膜包裹導管透析管出水不暢透析液滲漏疝腹膜炎及出口處感染麻醉意外,導管位置不良移位堵塞或包裹所致的腹膜透析液引流不暢腹膜透析液滲漏疝,機械并發(fā)癥,Chronic peritoneal dialysis in children: catheter related complications. A single centre experience,Pediatr Surg Int (2006)

7、 22: 524–528,Causes of catheter removal,血脂代謝紊亂與腹膜透析置管大網膜包裹的關系,中國血液凈化2008年3月第7卷第3期,選擇中南大學湘雅醫(yī)院腎內科收集腹膜透析置管術后發(fā)生大網膜包裹病例15例，以同期未發(fā)生大網膜包裹病例30例為對照，對比二組發(fā)生血脂代謝紊亂的差異。 同時，以是否存在血脂代謝紊亂分組， 對比腹膜透析置管術后大網膜包裹的發(fā)生率。,,,血脂代謝紊亂組20例， 網膜包裹11例，網膜包裹

8、率55%血脂代謝正常組25例，網膜包裹4例，網膜包裹率16%前者較后者顯著升高，P ＜0.05，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。,按照有無血脂代謝紊亂分組比較網膜包裹發(fā)生情況,PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFECTS OF THE PERITONEAL CAVITY BOUNDARY,Peritoneal Dialysis International, Vol. 25, pp. 367–3

9、73,Other complications included pericatheter or subcutaneous leak, hydrothorax, and miscellaneous.,200 of these patients experienced a total of 217 anatomic complications 16 patients had more than 1 complication. Herni

10、as comprised 60.4% of all complications: 24.9% inguinal, 18.9% umbilical, 13.8% ventral, 2.3% femoral, and 0.5% intrathoracic. Other complications included pericatheter or subcutaneous leak (25.3%), hydrothorax (6.0%),

11、 and miscellaneous (8.3%). Peritoneal dialysis modalities in use at the time of complication were automated PD (52.3%), continuous ambulatory PD (38.6%), and nocturnal intermittent PD (9.1%). The overall incidence of he

12、rnias was 7%.,腹膜透析導管種類導管置入技術目前存在的問題腹膜透析早期與晚期失敗的原因,CONTRIBUTION OF EARLY FAILURE TO OUTCOME ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS,Perit Dial Int 2008; 28:259–267,To analyze the importance of early treatment failure in PD and to compa

13、re early with late failures with respect to reasons and predictors of risk for failure.,Early failure of PD is frequent and makes an important contribution to overall PD outcome. In our population, one third of all PD f

14、ailures and 40% of all technique failures occurred within the first 6 months following catheter implantation. Identification of the main causes of early PD failure (catheter implantation, psychosocial problems) is the f

15、irst step to improving outcome by interventions (e.g., improvement of catheter implantation technique, support to prevent psychosocial problems).,腹部和盆腔手術史對終末期腎病患者腹膜透析導管置管的影響,有腹部和盆腔手術史(A)組 25 例無腹部和盆腔手術史(B)組 86 例其中 A組具體

16、手術如下: 闌尾切除術 7 例、 腎盂切開取石術 7 例、 膽囊切除術 6 例、 輸卵管結扎術 1 例、剖宮產術 2 例、 子宮切除術 1 例、 胃大部切除術 2例和脾臟切除術 1 例, 其中 2 例曾接受 2 種手術治療。,丁小強等內科理論與實踐 2007 年第 2 卷第 6 期,對先前有腹部和盆腔手術史的 ESRD 患者, 如腹部手術范圍較小、 估計腹腔內粘連較輕者, 一般仍可選擇 PD 治療。既往腹部和盆腔手術史對 ESRD患者

17、PD導管放置后短期和長期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率沒有顯著影響。,Tiong 等分析了 164例 CAPD置管手術患者, 結果發(fā)現(xiàn) 43 例先前有腹部手術史的患者中有 18 例( 41.9%)置管術后出現(xiàn)短期(≤30 d)并發(fā)癥(如傷口出血或感染、 導管移位、 出口處出血或感染、 早期腹膜炎、 管周腹透液滲漏等) ,而 121 例無腹部手術史的患者中只有 32 例( 26.4%)置管術后出現(xiàn)短期( >30 d)并發(fā)癥。作者認為先前腹部手術史是

18、 CAPD 短期并發(fā)癥的高危因素。,Tiong HY, et al. Singapore Med ,2006,47 (8):707- 711.,回顧性分析上海長征醫(yī)院1999年～2008年由腹膜透析轉血液透析治療的39例患者,①透析不充分：尿毒癥癥狀和體征無明顯改善和(或)血肌酐下降不明顯；②技術失敗：漂管、 堵管、 滲液；③感染：腹膜透析相關感染；④失超濾；⑤其他原因。,小 結,1.腹膜透析導管的選擇對其預后