[學(xué)習(xí)]發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理介紹

1、1,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial prop

2、erty rights.,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理介紹,,,,,http://www.docin.com/sundae_meng,2,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distrib

3、ution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,1892 INVENTION-DIESEL,3,柴油機(jī),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, ex

4、ploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,4,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分類(lèi),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also reg

5、arding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,分類(lèi)方式：點(diǎn)火方式、沖程數(shù)、缸數(shù)及排列、冷卻。,點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),點(diǎn)火方式,●汽油自燃溫度

6、高，采用火花塞強(qiáng)制點(diǎn)火，汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)?！癫裼妥匀粶囟鹊?，采用高壓縮比壓燃，柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。,5,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分類(lèi),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribut

7、ion, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,沖程數(shù),二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)一周完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。由于換氣不徹底，經(jīng)濟(jì)性較差，但結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，因此在摩托車(chē)上廣泛使用。,曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)二周完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有獨(dú)立的進(jìn)氣和排氣沖程，換氣徹底，在汽車(chē)上廣泛使用，并已逐漸用于摩托車(chē)。,6,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分類(lèi),Depart

8、ment | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rig

9、hts.,,,,缸數(shù)及排列,L 4 2.4L,V 6 3.0L,,,,V形排列,6缸,排氣量,,,,直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),V形發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),水平對(duì)置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),7,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分類(lèi),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edit

10、ing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,進(jìn)氣狀態(tài),按進(jìn)氣狀態(tài)不同，活塞式內(nèi)燃機(jī)還可分為增壓和非增壓兩類(lèi)。若進(jìn)氣是在接近大氣狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行的，則為非增壓內(nèi)燃機(jī)或自然吸氣式內(nèi)燃機(jī)；若利用增壓器將進(jìn)氣壓力增高，進(jìn)氣密度增大，則為增壓內(nèi)燃機(jī)。增壓可以提高內(nèi)燃機(jī)功率。,8,Department | 1

11、1/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,工

12、作方式,轉(zhuǎn)子式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),活塞式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分類(lèi),●轉(zhuǎn)子發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)又稱(chēng)為米勒循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。它采用三角轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)控制壓縮和排放， 與傳統(tǒng)的活塞往復(fù)式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)迥然不同 ?！褶D(zhuǎn)子發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)取消了無(wú)用的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，因而同樣功率的轉(zhuǎn)子發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尺寸較小，重量較 輕，而且振動(dòng)和噪聲較低，具有較大優(yōu)勢(shì)?！袢寝D(zhuǎn)子把汽缸分成三個(gè)獨(dú)立空間，三個(gè)空間各自先后完成進(jìn)氣、壓縮、做功和排 氣，三角轉(zhuǎn)子自轉(zhuǎn)一周，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火做功三次?！襁€存在氣密性、

13、潤(rùn)滑和磨損等一系列技術(shù)難題。,9,工作原理,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications

14、 for industrial property rights.,,,,,二沖程汽油機(jī)工作原理,二沖程柴油機(jī)工作原理,10,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distr

15、ibution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,氣缸內(nèi)油氣混合氣燃燒產(chǎn)生壓力，推動(dòng)活塞往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過(guò)曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為曲軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)力輸出。,☆ 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作循環(huán),11,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)示功圖,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All righ

16、ts reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,12,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)常用術(shù)語(yǔ),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert

17、Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,①上止點(diǎn)②下至點(diǎn)③活塞行程④燃燒室容積

18、⑤工作容積⑥總?cè)莘e⑦壓縮比ε=,13,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能指標(biāo),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of a

19、pplications for industrial property rights.,,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能指標(biāo)用來(lái)表征發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能特點(diǎn)，并作為評(píng)價(jià)各類(lèi)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能優(yōu)劣的依據(jù)。同時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能指標(biāo)的建立還促進(jìn)了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新。,一、動(dòng)力性指標(biāo),1.有效轉(zhuǎn)矩,記作 Te，單位為 N·m,2.有效功率,3.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,用 n 表示，單位為 r/min,4.平均有效壓力,單位氣缸工作容積發(fā)出的有效功稱(chēng)為平均有效壓力，記作

20、Pme，單位為 MPa,14,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for in

21、dustrial property rights.,,,,,二、 經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo),1.有效熱效率,燃料燃燒所產(chǎn)生的熱量轉(zhuǎn)化為有效功的百分?jǐn)?shù)稱(chēng)為有效熱效率，記作 ηe。顯然，為獲得一定數(shù)量的有效功所消耗的熱量越少，有效熱效率越高，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性越好。,2.有效燃油消耗率,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)每輸出 1kW 的有效功所消耗的燃油量稱(chēng)為有效燃油消耗率，記作 be，單位為 g/（kW·h）。,式中：B—發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的耗油量，kg/h；　　　P

22、e—發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的有效功率，kW。,15,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for

23、 industrial property rights.,,,,,三、強(qiáng)化指標(biāo),強(qiáng)化指標(biāo)是指發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)承受熱負(fù)荷和機(jī)械負(fù)荷能力的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，一般包括升功率和強(qiáng)化系數(shù)等。,1.升功率,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在標(biāo)定工況下，單位發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量輸出的有效功率稱(chēng)為升功率。升功率大，表明每升氣缸工作容積發(fā)出的有效功率大，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的熱負(fù)荷和機(jī)械負(fù)荷都高。,2.強(qiáng)化系數(shù),平均有效壓力與活塞平均速度的乘積稱(chēng)為強(qiáng)化系數(shù)?；钊骄俣仁侵赴l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在標(biāo)定轉(zhuǎn)速下工作時(shí)，活塞往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的平均

24、值。,四、緊湊性指標(biāo),1.比容積,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外廓體積與其標(biāo)定功率的比值稱(chēng)為比容積。,2.比質(zhì)量,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的干質(zhì)量與其標(biāo)定功率的比值稱(chēng)為比質(zhì)量。干質(zhì)量是指未加注燃油、機(jī)油和冷卻液的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)質(zhì)量。,16,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, re

25、production, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,八、工藝性指標(biāo),17,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本體概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regard

26、ing any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本體概述: ★ 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本體主要包含缸蓋、缸體等零部件 ★ 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本體既是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各機(jī)構(gòu)、各系統(tǒng)的裝配基體又同時(shí)是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)其它機(jī)構(gòu)/系統(tǒng)的

27、組成部分,缸體,缸蓋,18,缸體概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications fo

28、r industrial property rights.,,,,缸體作用: ★ 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的骨架以及相關(guān)零部件的安裝基體 ★ 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室/冷卻水道/潤(rùn)滑油道的組成部 ★ 承受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)可燃混合氣產(chǎn)生的氣體力以及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)件的慣性力 ★ 承受周期性的熱沖擊,典型缸體結(jié)構(gòu)圖,19,缸體分類(lèi),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All

29、rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,缸體按照曲軸孔對(duì)開(kāi)的位置是否與缸體下表面(OP面)同一平面可常分為以下三種:一般式: 曲軸孔

30、對(duì)開(kāi)位置與缸體下表面同一平面 龍門(mén)式: 曲軸孔對(duì)開(kāi)位置高于缸體下表面 隧道式：曲軸孔沒(méi)有對(duì)開(kāi)，適用于安裝滾動(dòng)軸承的組合式曲軸的缸體形式,各種缸體形式簡(jiǎn)圖,,,一般式實(shí)例,一般式實(shí)例,20,缸蓋概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitati

31、on, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,缸蓋作用: ★ 配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的安裝本體 ★ 密封缸孔上部，并與活塞頂部和缸孔形成燃燒室 ★ 承受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)可燃混合氣產(chǎn)生的氣體力 ★ 承受周期性的熱沖擊,典型缸

32、蓋結(jié)構(gòu)圖,21,缸蓋燃燒室分類(lèi),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for i

33、ndustrial property rights.,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室按照缸蓋部分燃燒室的形狀可常分為以下三種:楔形燃燒室: 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、緊湊，在壓縮終了時(shí)能形成擠氣渦流，但對(duì)于HC排放不利盆型燃燒室: 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但不緊湊半球形燃燒室：結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，散熱面積小，有利于燃料完全燃燒，排放控制好,各種典型燃燒室簡(jiǎn)圖,22,曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch G

34、mbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)概述: ★ 曲柄連桿結(jié)構(gòu)主要包含活塞連桿組和曲

35、軸飛輪組兩大部分 ★ 曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的主要作用是把活塞的直線往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾D(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng) 并輸出動(dòng)力,23,活塞連桿組概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, dist

36、ribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,活塞連桿組概述: ★ 活塞連桿組主要包含活塞、活塞環(huán)、活塞銷(xiāo)、連桿總成和連桿軸瓦等 ★ 活塞連桿組的主要作用是承受氣缸中的氣體爆發(fā)壓力，并將此力傳遞給曲軸,活塞連桿組典型構(gòu)成,24,曲軸飛輪組概述,Department | 11/05/2010 |

37、69; Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,曲軸飛輪組概述: ★ 曲軸飛

38、輪組主要包含曲軸、主軸瓦和飛輪(液力變矩器)等零件 ★ 曲軸飛輪組的主要作用是承受活塞連桿組傳遞來(lái)的力,并由此造成繞其 本身軸線的力矩,輸出旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),曲軸飛輪組典型構(gòu)成,25,配氣機(jī)構(gòu)概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitati

39、on, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,配氣機(jī)構(gòu)的作用: ★按照發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各缸工作循環(huán)和點(diǎn)火次序的要求，將曲軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)傳遞給凸輪軸。 ★凸輪軸上的凸輪適時(shí)地控制相應(yīng)的氣門(mén)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉以完成進(jìn)排氣動(dòng)作，使 新鮮空氣及燃燒后的廢氣及時(shí)、充分地

40、進(jìn)入及排出氣缸。,26,配氣相位,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for

41、industrial property rights.,,,,理論上：四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的進(jìn)氣門(mén)當(dāng)曲拐處在上止點(diǎn)時(shí)開(kāi)啟,在曲拐轉(zhuǎn)到下止點(diǎn)時(shí)關(guān)閉;排氣門(mén)則當(dāng)曲拐在下止點(diǎn)時(shí)開(kāi)啟,在上止點(diǎn)時(shí)關(guān)閉。進(jìn)氣時(shí)間和排氣時(shí)間各占180°曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角。實(shí)際上：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速都很高，活塞每一個(gè)行程歷時(shí)都很短,這樣短時(shí)間的進(jìn)氣或排氣過(guò)程,往往會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)充氣不足或排氣不凈,從而使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的功率下降。早開(kāi)遲閉：現(xiàn)代發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都采用延長(zhǎng)進(jìn)、排氣時(shí)間的方法，即分別提

42、前和延遲一定的曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角，以改善進(jìn)、排氣狀況，從而提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性。,配氣相位：就是進(jìn)、排氣門(mén)的實(shí)際開(kāi)閉時(shí)刻，通常用相對(duì)于上、下止點(diǎn)曲拐位置的曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角的環(huán)形圖來(lái)表示。不同發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，由于結(jié)構(gòu)形式、轉(zhuǎn)速各不相同，因此配氣相位也不相同。,27,配氣機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)造,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding

43、any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,★配氣機(jī)構(gòu)主要由以 下零件構(gòu)成：1 氣門(mén)2 氣門(mén)座3 氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管4 氣門(mén)彈簧5 搖臂6 搖臂軸6 凸輪軸7 凸輪軸正時(shí)鏈輪/ 皮帶8 正時(shí)

44、鏈/皮帶,28,氣門(mén),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for indust

45、rial property rights.,,,,★氣門(mén)的功能是打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉進(jìn)排氣口和燃燒室之間的口，其由頭部和桿部組成?！餁忾T(mén)頭部的形狀有平頂、球面頂和喇叭形頂?shù)取！餁忾T(mén)桿呈圓柱形，其與氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管配合保證了氣門(mén)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的精度，且負(fù)責(zé)把氣門(mén)頭部的熱量傳遞至氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管。,★為保證氣門(mén)頭與氣門(mén)座之間的良好配合，裝配前應(yīng)注意不要將氣門(mén)碰傷或者錯(cuò)裝，否則將直接導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)漏氣，影響功率甚至無(wú)法點(diǎn)火。,29,氣門(mén)組其他組件,Department |

46、 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,

47、★氣門(mén)彈簧由彈簧座、彈簧保持架和氣門(mén)鎖塊固定，用來(lái)關(guān)閉氣門(mén)?！餁忾T(mén)座與氣門(mén)表面相連，以確保燃燒室的密封性?！餁忾T(mén)導(dǎo)管熱壓入缸蓋上的氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管孔內(nèi)，起氣門(mén)運(yùn)動(dòng)的定向作用。,30,搖臂及搖臂軸,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, re

48、production, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,★搖臂的作用是將來(lái)自凸輪的力改變方向及行程，傳遞給氣門(mén)桿用來(lái)打開(kāi)氣門(mén)?！飺u臂軸的作用是固定搖臂，分為進(jìn)氣搖臂軸和排氣搖臂軸。,搖臂軸,★要注意調(diào)整搖臂和氣門(mén)間的氣門(mén)間隙，過(guò)大會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣門(mén)不能完全打開(kāi)，過(guò)小則當(dāng)氣門(mén)預(yù)熱膨脹

49、時(shí)氣門(mén)不能正確關(guān)閉?！飺u臂在安裝過(guò)程中要注意保護(hù)其與凸輪、搖臂軸及氣門(mén)的接觸點(diǎn)/面,否則將發(fā)生漏氣，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)搖臂抱死并最終導(dǎo)致整機(jī)損壞等不良。,31,凸輪軸及其組件,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, e

50、diting, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,★凸輪的作用是在相應(yīng)的正時(shí)打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉氣門(mén)。凸輪軸是由各種不同的凸輪構(gòu)成，為了減少旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程的慣性力，部分凸輪軸為中空結(jié)構(gòu)。,凸輪軸工作原理簡(jiǎn)圖,,凸輪軸及其組件,32,凸輪軸及其組件,Department | 11/05/2010 | 

51、9; Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,★凸輪軸皮帶輪與正時(shí)皮帶上的齒相

52、嚙合，以便將曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)傳遞到凸輪軸。,★凸輪軸安裝時(shí)要注意保護(hù)各凸輪面不被損壞，否則將影響到氣門(mén)的作動(dòng)精度，導(dǎo)致漏氣?！镅b配正時(shí)皮帶輪時(shí)，必須進(jìn)行調(diào)整以確?；钊恢煤蜌忾T(mén)開(kāi)/關(guān)正時(shí)始終相同。,33,燃油供給系統(tǒng)概述,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exp

53、loitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,柴油噴射系統(tǒng)的功能：使燃油達(dá)到足夠高的壓力；根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工況，按一定的規(guī)律，將一定量的燃油噴射進(jìn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室的適合的位置；從而，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃燒過(guò)程最優(yōu)。,34,電噴柴油噴射系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成,Depa

54、rtment | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property r

55、ights.,,,,傳感器、ECU和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)三部分組成。裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的傳感器有：（由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠家提供）⑴ Ne Sensor轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器；(安裝在飛輪殼上)⑵ G Sensor缸判別傳感器；(安裝在輸油泵上)⑶ Coolant Temp. Sensor冷卻液溫度傳感器；(安裝在出水管上)⑷ Intake Temp.Sensor進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器；(安裝在進(jìn)氣管上)⑸ Fuel Temp.Sensor燃油回油溫度傳感器；(安裝在回油連

56、接座上)⑹ Intake Press. Sensor進(jìn)氣壓力傳感器；(安裝在進(jìn)氣管上)⑺ Rail Press. Sensor共軌壓力傳感器；(安裝在共軌左側(cè))⑻ Oil Press. Sensor機(jī)油壓力傳感器（可選裝電子式機(jī)油壓力傳感器）；⑼ 柴油水分報(bào)警傳感器（安裝在柴油粗濾器上）（選裝）。,35,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All r

57、ights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,36,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)圖,Department | 11/05/2010 | © R

58、obert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,37,進(jìn)排氣系統(tǒng),Department

59、| 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,

60、,,作用：根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作定時(shí)定量的供給新鮮清潔的空氣，并排出廢氣。,部件： 進(jìn)氣管 空濾 空壓機(jī) 排氣管 增壓器,38,冷卻系統(tǒng),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, edi

61、ting, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,作用：將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的熱量及時(shí)傳送出去，以保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在最適宜的溫度下工作。,部件： 水泵 風(fēng)扇 散熱器 水箱 節(jié)溫器 出水管等,39,冷卻系統(tǒng),Department | 11/05/2010 | ©

62、; Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,分類(lèi)：,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻方式一般可分為

63、“水冷式”和“風(fēng)冷式”,“水冷式”比“風(fēng)冷式”冷卻效果要好車(chē)用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)多采用“水冷式”冷卻系統(tǒng),40,冷卻系統(tǒng),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as we

64、ll as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)熱，機(jī)件的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度降低，正常的配合間隙破壞，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不能正常工作,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)冷，會(huì)引起汽油霧化不良，油耗增加，功率下降，磨損加劇,因此發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)必須通過(guò)冷卻系統(tǒng)來(lái)保證控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在正常的溫度范圍內(nèi),發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能的動(dòng)力機(jī)械，在燃燒時(shí)，瞬時(shí)溫度可達(dá)2000度,41,潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)

65、,Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial prope

66、rty rights.,,,,★潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的作用: 連續(xù)不斷的將一定壓力的機(jī)油送到相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的各摩擦表面，防止金屬表面直接接觸，減少零件間的摩擦和磨損，并起到冷卻和清除磨粒的作用。,★潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的主要構(gòu)成:1 機(jī)油控制節(jié)流孔2 機(jī)油泵3 油底殼密封墊4 集濾器5 油底殼6 放油螺栓7 機(jī)油管8 機(jī)油濾清器9 機(jī)油濾清器底座10 機(jī)油壓力開(kāi)關(guān),,42,機(jī)油潤(rùn)滑油路,Departme

67、nt | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property right

68、s.,,,,,★機(jī)油進(jìn)入機(jī)油濾清器過(guò)濾后分為兩路，一路進(jìn)入缸體和主軸承蓋連接橋的油道，通過(guò)曲軸主軸頸與連桿軸頸間的斜油道把機(jī)油引到連桿軸頸進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑。 ★另一路機(jī)油上行經(jīng)中間缸蓋螺栓孔進(jìn)入缸蓋油道，對(duì)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制潤(rùn)滑，最后通過(guò)泄油孔流回油底殼。,,43,起動(dòng)系統(tǒng),Department | 11/05/2010 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also

69、regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,,,,,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)轉(zhuǎn)入工作狀態(tài)的全過(guò)程稱(chēng)之為起動(dòng)過(guò)程。起動(dòng)機(jī)要有足夠的力矩來(lái)克服發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部機(jī)件的阻力。起動(dòng)機(jī)作為機(jī)械動(dòng)力源，通過(guò)電機(jī)軸上的