[教育]增進(jìn)英文作文與翻譯寫作技巧howtowritesma

1、淘花/百度專用,1,增進(jìn)英文作文與翻譯寫作技巧How to Write Smart?,國立高雄師範(fàn)大學(xué),淘花/百度專用,2,李翠玉 學(xué)經(jīng)歷,學(xué)歷：臺(tái)灣大學(xué)外國語文博士　　　美國伊利諾大學(xué)比較文學(xué)碩士　　　高雄師範(fàn)大學(xué)英語研究所碩士經(jīng)歷：高雄師範(fàn)大學(xué)英語系助理教授　　　兼研究發(fā)展處推廣合作組組長　　　高師大推動(dòng)英語環(huán)境諮詢委員　　　 英美文學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)理事　　　高雄縣政府英語村設(shè)置諮詢委員　　　高中

2、職教科書編輯委員 全民英檢中高級(jí)評試委員,淘花/百度專用,3,,Write more. Write more and more, and Write Smart.,淘花/百度專用,4,Outline,中英文修辭大不同 Chinese Rhetoric vs. English Rhetoric英文作文Dos and Don’ts英文作文答題原則 Taking a Writing Test段落式寫作技巧

3、Paragraph Writing腦力激盪及大綱 Brainstorming如何寫主題句 Topic Sentence如何發(fā)展段落 Paragraph Developing起承轉(zhuǎn)合常用句 transitional phrases頭尾呼應(yīng) Coherence學(xué)測與指考英文作文評分樣例 Scoring Samples歷屆翻譯與作文考題分析 Scoring Criteria,淘花/百度專用,5,中英文修辭大不同,circular

4、 迂迴Chinese Rhetoric,枝狀,線型English Rhetoric,淘花/百度專用,6,英文作文十大忌,天馬行空?不要離題後繼無力?不要沒寫完句子言少必失?沈默不是金，不要寫太少，低於100字要求，致文意不清龍飛鳳舞?不要太潦草或塗改太多誤入歧途?不要把標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)放在行首（儘量不要把a(bǔ)nd, but, so 放在句首，不要出現(xiàn)中文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如。「」【】等） ）順手牽句?不要抄前面選擇題（也不要讓閱卷老師察覺是

5、「疑似背誦」的文章）縮頭烏龜?不要用縮寫字旁門左道?不要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示「第一」、「第二」或數(shù)量弄巧成拙?不要出現(xiàn)大綱式寫法自以為是?不要賣弄學(xué)問，用艱深難懂的語彙及比喻（含古字）,淘花/百度專用,7,英文作文切記(15守則),第一個(gè)字要大寫，句子結(jié)束要有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)段落式寫作，單行不成段開門見山，開宗明義（主題句放最前面）要舉實(shí)例支持（個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)；明確之人事時(shí)地物）拼字先求正確　play safe，再求適當(dāng)或優(yōu)美用對時(shí)態(tài)及

6、時(shí)態(tài)變化，且一致（敘述過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)用過去式，描述一本書故事情節(jié)可用現(xiàn)在式）注意單複數(shù)可適度用諺語，但不落入俗套避免贅字或不相關(guān)之?dāng)⑹?淘花/百度專用,8,英文作文切記(15守則),參考使用「倒金字塔式」新聞寫作，發(fā)展順序：由一般而至詳細(xì) (General ?Specific details)由原則而至具體 (Principle?Concrete)由重要而至不重要 (the most important ?the least im

7、portant)由簡至繁 (Easy?Complex)由近而遠(yuǎn) (close?remote)前後呼應(yīng)，邏輯連貫單句、合句及複句，靈活運(yùn)用，才會(huì)拿高分（科技文章常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）書名或外語用劃底線（電腦文書處理亦可用斜體字）方式表示開頭引人入勝，結(jié)尾強(qiáng)而有力 (不要虎頭蛇尾或劃蛇添足)語氣肯定明確，勿模擬兩可或含混不清,淘花/百度專用,9,英文作文答題原則,先看題目，記下腦海中浮現(xiàn)之關(guān)鍵字作完選擇題後，靜下心來仔細(xì)看題目，瞭解

8、題意判斷題目文類，腦力激盪，作大綱，想例子開始作答（有時(shí)間者，可先寫草稿，再謄稿）檢查，逐字逐句檢查，包括拼字、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、單複數(shù),淘花/百度專用,10,段落式寫作技巧(I),一、腦力激盪及大綱範(fàn)例：,淘花/百度專用,11,段落式寫作技巧 (II),二、如何寫主題句１．建議放在第一句２．多用肯定句３．語意明確，是段落軸心（段落中的每一句都與其相關(guān)）One day, I was flying from Kaohsiung

9、to Taipei. When the plane took off, the wind was blowing, and it was raining hard. I was a little nervous.. . . 直接寫出My worst experience happened on an airplane in August 1995.,淘花/百度專用,12,段落式寫作技巧 (III),三、如何發(fā)展段落１．援用例子或個(gè)

10、人經(jīng)驗(yàn)／感受２．定義某一個(gè)原則或概念３．詳細(xì)說明主題句,淘花/百度專用,13,,範(fàn)例一(詳細(xì)說明two cities, taste)A visitor to my country should visit two cities to get a taste of the country. From north to south, the traveler should stop at _______ which is mainly

11、 an industrial city with many tall buildings and stores. After he has seen _______, the traveler should drive south toward _________. He will see (the sea) as he drives along the coast. When he arrives in _______, he wil

12、l find a friendly city, with many fruit trees and plants.,淘花/百度專用,14,,範(fàn)例二?。ǘxkind）My mother was one of the kindest people on earth. When I was young, she would overlook almost all my mistakes and gently correct me. My

13、mother would often be nice to other children in the neighborhood by sharing my food, toys, and even clothes with them.,淘花/百度專用,15,,範(fàn)例三 詳細(xì)說明主題句serious problemFor most people nowadays, the need of energy is a serious pro

14、blem. In industrialized countries, people need a lot of gas and electricity. Economists and political leaders continually warn us about the problem. They encourage us to save energy by driving less, turning down heaters,

15、 and turning off lights.,淘花/百度專用,16,,範(fàn)例四 (詳細(xì)說明several important qualities＋舉例)My ideal husband would have to have several important qualities. First he would be kind and loving. For example, he would never stay angry fo

16、r long and he would always find little ways to make life more fun for his family. Second he would be willing to share with me the responsibilities of the household. He would, for instance, do some of the cooking, laundry

17、, and cleaning. He would also share in the raising of our children. Finally, he would be tall and thin with dark eyes.,淘花/百度專用,17,常用於引言的字句-「起」,1. As an old English saying goes, “………” 有句英文諺語是這麼說的，…2. There is no denying

18、 (doubt) that S+ V… 不可否認(rèn)的是…3. Generally speaking, S + V…..一般說來…4. According to my personal experience, S + V… In my opinion, Personally, I like/think, 根據(jù)我個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)…5. Nothing in the world can delight me so much as +

19、 Ving…..世界上沒有什麼比做…讓我更高興了。6. As far as I know…就我所知… 7. As far as I can recall, S + V…就我印象所及…,淘花/百度專用,18,常用於延展的字句-「承」,1. Indeed; It is true that + S + V…; Quite true; Rightly so, 的確…2. To be honest, Frankly spe

20、aking; 事實(shí)上3. It is widely believed that + S + V…; Belief has it that + S + V… 誠如所信4. For example; For instance; To take + N+ for an example, S + V…以…為例子…5. We have reasons to believe that + S + V…..我們有理由相信…6. In

21、fact; As a matter of fact, S + V…..事實(shí)上…7. Likewise, In a similar fashion, Similarly 同樣地8. In other words; To be specific; 換句話說; 詳細(xì)地說9. As mentioned from above, 如前所述,淘花/百度專用,19,常用於語氣轉(zhuǎn)換的字句-「轉(zhuǎn)」,1. However, Nevertheles

22、s, Granted that然而…2. Despite +N; Despite the fact that + S + V, …儘管….3. On the other hand, S + V..…另一方面…4. On the contrary, On the opposite, In contrast相反的是…5. When compared to A, B + V, 與A相比, B….,淘花/百度專用,20,常用於

23、結(jié)論的字句-- 「合」,1. From this point of view, S + V….從這觀點(diǎn)來看…2. In a word, S + V….總而言之… 3. To sum up, S + V; To conclude; In conclusion總之…4. If we can really put + N + into action, S + V……如果我們能付諸實(shí)行…5. Last but not least

24、, S + V….最後…,淘花/百度專用,21,常用轉(zhuǎn)折詞,（1） 因此；結(jié)果︰as a result, consequently, as a consequence, in consequence, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, on this ground, because of this（2） 順序: first/firstly, in the first place, secon

25、d/secondly, next, finally（3）此外︰in addition, additionally, besides, furthermore, moreover, also, what‘s more（4） 然而︰however, nevertheless （5） 換言之︰that is, that is to say, namely, in other words, to put it differently（6

26、） 同樣地︰likewise, similarly, in the similar way（7） 相反地︰instead, on the contrary, by contrast, conversely,淘花/百度專用,22,段落式寫作技巧 (V),四、頭尾呼應(yīng)１．雖然有二段，但首句及末句不能相互矛盾２．末句不要重覆首句範(fàn)例一首句：You can learn many things from traveling that y

27、ou cannot learn any other way.末句：I learned a lot more about Australia from that experience than a book or TV show could have taught me.首句：For the class reunion, I have decided that we should have a beach party.末句：This

28、 reunion will be a way of fulfilling our promise to each other, as well as reminding ourselves of the value of our friendship.,淘花/百度專用,23,段落與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)練習(xí),To be well educated a person must do five important things first she mus

29、t use her time wisely she should not watch too much tv and she should plan her days carefully second she must not limit her studies she should try to study as many different subjects as she can for example if she is a sc

30、ientist she should study music art and drama she must see the relationship between different fields third she must have imagination she must be ready to see what others are unwilling or unable to see fourth she must have

31、 self confidence she should listen to what others say however she must trust herself enough to choose the good from the bad fifth she must never let her curiosity die she must always look for knowledge not wait for it to

32、 come to her,淘花/百度專用,24,段落與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)練習(xí)-解答,To be well educated, a person must do five important things. First, she must use her time wisely. She should not watch too much TV, and she should plan her days carefully. Second, she

33、 must not limit her studies. She should try to study as many different subjects as she can. For example, if she is a scientist she should study music, art and drama. She must see the relationship between different fields

34、. Third, she must have imagination. She must be ready to see what others are unwilling or unable to see. Fourth, she must have self confidence. She should listen to what others say; however, she must trust herself enough