【2014高考調(diào)研】（新課標(biāo)·名校調(diào)研）北師大版·英語（高三總復(fù)習(xí)）unit 15 learning（課件）

1、Unit 15 Learning基礎(chǔ)知識梳理詞匯梳理1. ________ n. 箭2. ________ vt. 打記號3. ________ n. 拼寫________ v. 拼寫；拼讀4. ________ n. 改正；改進(jìn)5. ________ adj. 穩(wěn)定的；無憂無慮的6. ________ adj. 空白的7. ________ v. 懷疑8. ________ n. 郵費(fèi),9. ________

2、v. 指導(dǎo)；教導(dǎo)________ n. 指導(dǎo)說明；教育________ adj. 教育的；有教育意義的10. ________ vt. 區(qū)別；辨別；表現(xiàn)突出11. ________ adj. 保守的；舊式的12. ________ n. 作業(yè)；任務(wù)；工作________ vt. 安排；委任13. ________ adj. 可以選擇的；另類的14. ________ adj. 杰出的15. ________ vt. 反

3、映；反射________ n. 反映；反思,16. ________ v. 誤解________ n. 誤解17. ________ vt. 挑選________ n. 挑選________ adj. 精挑細(xì)選的18. ________ n. 接近或進(jìn)入之路________ adj. 可以接近的19. ________ adj. 值得的20. ________ n. 同伴21. ________ v. 獲得；得到,2

4、2. ________ n. 保衛(wèi)________ v. 守衛(wèi)；守護(hù)23. ________ vt. 忽視；不顧24. ________ v. 鼓舞；鼓勵________ n. 鼓勵；鼓舞；靈感25. ________ adj. 不情愿的26. ________ n. 文明27. ________ n. 王國28. ________ n. 影象；形象29. ________ adj. 有用的；有益處的________

5、 n. 益處；用處,30. ________ vt. 使適應(yīng)________ n. 適應(yīng)；改編31. ________ n. 假設(shè)；假定________ vt. 假定；假象32. ________ n. 欣賞；感激________ v. 欣賞；感謝；評定33. ________ vt. 力勸；督促34. ________ n. 陰影；影子35. ________ n. 懲罰；處罰________ v. 懲處,36. _

6、_______ n. 名譽(yù)；名聲37. ________ vt. 缺乏38. ________ vt. 拖；拉39. ________ vt. 遵守；服從,,自我校對1. arrow 2. tick 3. spelling; spell 4. correction 5. secure 6. blank 7. suspect 8. postage 9. instruct; instruction; instruc

7、tive 10. distinguish 11. conservative 12. assignment; assign 13. alternative 14. outstanding 15. reflect; reflection 16. misunderstand; misunderstanding 17. select; selection; selected 18. access; accessible

8、19. worthwhile 20. fellow 21. acquire 22. defense; defend,23. ignore 24. inspire; inspiration 25. unwilling 26. civilization 27. kingdom 28. image 29. beneficial; benefit 30. adapt; adaptation 31. assume; as

9、sumption 32. appreciation; appreciate 33. urge 34. shadow 35. punishment; punish 36. reputation 37. lack 38. drag 39. obey,短語梳理1. ________ 解雇；裁員2. ________ 除了……之外3. ________ 行為不檢點(diǎn)；品行不端4. ________ 在某種程度上5.

10、________ 引發(fā)；出發(fā)6. ________ 經(jīng)常做；傾向于7. ________ 贊成；贊許8. ________ 總的來說,自我校對1. lay off 2. apart from 3. loose conduct 4. to a certain extent 5. set off 6. tend to 7. approve of 8. as a whole,重點(diǎn)知識探究重點(diǎn)單詞1. secure a

11、dj. 穩(wěn)定的；無憂無慮的；安全的；堅固的 vt. 使安全I(xiàn) feel secure about my future. 我對未來感到放心。Is this ladder secure?這梯子牢靠嗎？The regiment secured its position while awaiting the enemy attack.該團(tuán)在等待敵人進(jìn)攻之時,加強(qiáng)了防御工事。,知識梳理be secure against (from)

12、 沒有遭受……的危險be secure of 對……有把握；確信feel secure about (as to) 對……(覺得)放心secure (sth. ) against (from) 使(某物)免遭,探究練習(xí)I feel very ________ when I am staying with my mother.A. steady B. secureC. frightening D. fixed,【解析

13、】 B 考查了secure表示“安全的；無憂無慮的”之意的用法。句意：當(dāng)我和我的媽媽呆在一起時，我感到非常地安全。steady是“平穩(wěn)的”；frightening是“令人害怕的”；fixed是“固定的”，均為干擾項。,2. suspect v. & n. 懷疑；嫌疑(犯) 懷疑……有罪We all suspect the truth of the report.我們對報告的真實性感到懷疑。The police susp

14、ect him of having taken the money.警察懷疑錢是他偷的。Two suspects are now being questioned in connection with the killing.與殺人案有關(guān)的兩名嫌疑犯正在接受審訊。We suspect him to be ill.我們猜想他病了。,知識梳理suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 懷疑某人(做)某事suspe

15、ct sb. to be ... 懷疑某人是……suspect+that從句 懷疑……suspicious adj. 懷疑的；猜疑的be suspicious of / about 懷疑……suspicion n. 懷疑；疑心,探究練習(xí)The police ________ him of giving them false information because they didn’t find the ________ a

16、ccording to his words.A. suspected; suspect B. suspected; suspectedC. suspected; suspecting D. suspecting; suspecting,【解析】 A 考查了suspect的用法。suspect sb. of doing sth. 表示“懷疑某人做了某事”；而第二空處考查了suspect用作名詞表示“嫌疑犯”之意的用法。,3.

17、distinguish vt. & vi. 辨別；區(qū)別;顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名Can you distinguish the twins apart?你能分辨這對雙胞胎嗎?He distinguished himself in physics.他在物理方面享有盛名。He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.他能區(qū)別真正的古董與復(fù)制品。She di

18、stinguished herself as a black lawyer.她成了一位杰出的黑人律師。It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong. 明辨是非當(dāng)然要緊。,知識梳理be distinguished as 被稱之為……be distinguished by 以……為特征be distinguished for 以……而著名be

19、distinguished from 不同于;與……加以區(qū)別distinguish ... from ... 辨別;識別;把……和……區(qū)別開distinguish oneself 使自己與眾不同;使自己出名distinguish sth. from sth. 把某物從某物中區(qū)分開來distinguish sth. into sth. 把某物分類distinguish between sth. 區(qū)分開某物,探究練習(xí)Pe

20、ople who cannot ________ between colours are said to be colour-blind.A. distinguish B. separateC. recognize D. realize,【解析】 A 考查了distinguish 表示“區(qū)分；辨別”之意的用法。句意：不能分辨顏色的人被稱為色盲。separate 是“把本來相關(guān)或相連的東西分開”；recognize是“辨

21、認(rèn)出”；realize是“意識到”，均不符合句意。,高考體驗(2009·湖北)Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismissC. shelter D. distinguish,【解析】 C

22、 句意：有些父母太袒護(hù)孩子了。他們極力想為他們的孩子擋住來自各方面的危險，無論是真實的還是想象的。spot“點(diǎn)綴”；dismiss“解散；打發(fā)走”；shelter“袒護(hù)；避難”；distinguish“區(qū)別；辨別”。shelter ... from ... “為……提供保護(hù)、庇護(hù)”。,4. reflect vt. & vi. 反映；反射；表達(dá)；思考A mirror reflects. 鏡子能映出影像。After refle

23、cting for a time he decided not to go. 思考了一會兒以后,他決定不去了。Does this letter reflect how you really think?這封信反映你的真實想法嗎?He reflected on his past mistakes.他深刻地反思了他過去所犯的錯誤。,發(fā)散思維reflection n. 反映；反射；反思reflector n. 反射器；反映物知

24、識梳理reflect in 在……中反映出來reflect from 從……反射出reflect on / upon / over 反?。簧钏?探究練習(xí)Sean’s strong love for his country is ________ in his recently published poems.A. relieved B. reflectedC. responded D. recovered,【解析】

25、 B 考查了reflect表示“反映；反射”之意的用法。句意：肖恩對他的祖國的深刻的熱愛都反映在他最近出版的詩集中。relieve是“寬慰；減輕”；respond是“回復(fù)；回答”；recover是“恢復(fù)；康復(fù)”，均為干擾項。,5. select vt. 挑選I selected four postcards and handed them to the cashier.我挑選了四張明信片，遞給了收銀員。Simon’s been

26、 selected to represent us at the conference in Rio. 西蒙已經(jīng)被挑選出來代表我們出席里約熱內(nèi)盧的會議。,求同存異choose, select, pickchoose是表示“選擇”的一般性用語，指按照人的認(rèn)識或判斷來進(jìn)行選擇。pick與choose的用法很接近，但適合于口語用法，它既可以表示隨意的選擇，也可以表示仔細(xì)的慎重的選擇。select則指在廣泛的范圍內(nèi)，經(jīng)過慎重考慮，認(rèn)真

27、仔細(xì)的選擇，并往往有選出好的或適合的，去掉差的或不適合的，其淘汰意味較濃。,下列情況通常用choose，而不用 pick, select：①在兩者中選擇或不愿接受的事物中選擇時：He chose death before dishonour. 他寧死不屈。②后接不定式表示“寧愿”、“決定”時：He chose to go by train. 他決定坐火車去。③強(qiáng)調(diào)最終決定時：choose a husband (a car

28、eer) 選擇丈夫(人生的事業(yè)),探究練習(xí)She was ________ from many applicants, which made her mother very happy and satisfied.A. chosen B. electedC. selected D. picked out,【解析】 C 考查了select表示“精挑細(xì)選”之意的用法。select強(qiáng)調(diào)是按照某種客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行挑選。而choos

29、e是按照個人喜好進(jìn)行挑選；elect是“選舉”；pick out是“辨認(rèn)出；挑選出”，均為干擾項。,6. lack vt. & vi. & n. 缺乏;缺少;不足；沒有We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我們必須看到我們還缺乏有資質(zhì)的專家。She is lacking in responsibility. 她不夠負(fù)責(zé)任。A coward l

30、acks courage. 怯懦者缺乏勇氣。Through a lack of confidence, he failed to pass the test.由于缺少信心，他沒能通過考試。,知識梳理for / by / from / through lack of 因缺乏……;因無……supply the lack 補(bǔ)缺lack in 在……缺少(不足)be lacking in ... 缺少……點(diǎn)津提示lack雖然

31、是不可數(shù)名詞，但是可以與不定冠詞a 連用。,探究練習(xí)Despite the fact that she is young, what she ________ is experience but not confidence. I think that she is up to the job.A. lacks B. completesC. offers D. requires,【解析】 A 句意：盡管她很年輕是

32、事實，但是她所缺乏的是經(jīng)驗而不是信心。我認(rèn)為，她很勝任這項工作?？疾榱薼ack表示“缺乏；缺少”之意的用法；而complete是“完成”；offer是“提供”；require是“需要”；均不符合語境。,高考體驗(2010·福建)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.A. in search of B.

33、 in place ofC. for lack of D. for fear of,【解析】 C 考查介詞短語辨析。句意：因缺少空間，在大城市里，越來越多的高樓拔地而起。in search of“搜尋”； in place of“代替”； for lack of“因缺乏”； for fear of“唯恐；生怕”。,7. access n. 接近或進(jìn)入……之路；接近或利用……的權(quán)利和機(jī)會There is no access

34、to the street through that door.那個門不通向大街。You can easily get access to her.你很容易接近她。The only access to the town is across a bridge.到鎮(zhèn)上唯一的通路是經(jīng)過一座橋。Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以自由使用圖書館。,發(fā)散思維access

35、ible adj. 可以接近的；可以到達(dá)的知識梳理access to ... 進(jìn)入……的通道have (gain, get, obtain) access to 可以接近;可以會見;可以進(jìn)入;可以使用be accessible to 可以進(jìn)入……；可以達(dá)到……,探究練習(xí)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the dig

36、ital resources of the library. A. access B. passageC. way D. approach,【解析】 A 句意：這一系統(tǒng)設(shè)計出來是為了使學(xué)生們能夠迅速而容易地利用圖書館里的數(shù)據(jù)資源?？疾榱薬ccess to ... 表示“對……的利用或接近”之意的用法。而passage是“通道”；way是“方法”；approach是“接近；靠近；方法”，均為干擾項。,8. worthw

37、hile adj. 值得努力做的；值得花錢的；值得花時間的The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students. 老師推薦給學(xué)生一些真正有價值的小說。It is worthwhile to see / seeing the film.這部電影很值得看。發(fā)散思維worth adj. 值得……的worthy adj. 值得的,點(diǎn)津提示(1)

38、worthwhile常用于It is worthwhile doing / to do sth. 句型中，但不能說sth. is worthwhile doing,表示“做某事是值得的”。(2)worth常用“be well worth doing”表示“很值得做……”，不用very。(3)be worth doing中doing是主動形式表示被動含義，不可用being done。,探究練習(xí)用worthwhile, worth,

39、worthy填空。(1)According to my friend, this is a ________ film.(2)The plan is only ________ of our contempt.(3)This place is ________ visiting.(4)Concerning his effort, he is ________ of being praised.(5)This plan is _

40、_______ to be carried out to the end.,【答案】 (1) worthwhile / worthy (2) worthy (3)worth (4) worthy (5)worthy,高考體驗(2010·湖北)Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then maki

41、ng the mistake becomes ________.A. favourable B. preciousC. essential D. worthwhile,【解析】 D 考查形容詞辨析。句意：錯誤不是偶然發(fā)生的，它們的發(fā)生都是有原因的。如果找出其中的原因，犯個錯誤也是值得的。favourable“贊成的；同意的；傾向于支持某人/某事物的；令人高興的；一定的”；precious“寶貴的；珍愛的”；essent

42、ial“必要的；本質(zhì)的；重要的”；worthwhile“值得的；值得花時間、金錢或精力的”。,9. acquire vt. 取得；獲得;學(xué)到;養(yǎng)成The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pablo Picasso.該美術(shù)館剛剛獲得一幅畢加索的名畫。Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work. 我們逐步獲得

43、了做這項工作的經(jīng)驗。She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.她在沒有老師指導(dǎo)的情況下,掌握了英語語法,學(xué)到了大量詞匯。,探究練習(xí)To be admitted to a famous university, we must work hard from now on to ______

44、__ a good knowledge of English.A. acquire B. createC. form D. generalize,【解析】 A 考查了acquire表示“獲得；得到”之意的用法，其賓語多是“知識、技能”等抽象名詞。而create是“創(chuàng)造”；form是“形成”；generalize是“概括；抽象”，均為干擾項。,10. ignore vt. 忽視；不顧Either she didn’t

45、 see me wave or she deliberately ignored me. 要么她沒有看見我招手，要么是她故意不理睬我。知識梳理(1)ignorant adj. 無知的；不知道的be ignorant of / about ... 對……不曉得be ignorant (that) ... 對……不曉得(2)ignorance n. 無知；不知道out of ignorance 出于無知,探究練習(xí)Safe

46、ty regulations are being ________ by company managers in the drive to increase profits.A. left B. thrownC. ignored D. emphasized,【解析】 C 考查了ignore表示“忽略；故意不理睬”之意的用法。句意：在增加利潤的驅(qū)使下，一些公司的經(jīng)理置安全保障制度于不顧。故選擇C項。,11. urge

47、 vt. 力勸；強(qiáng)烈要求 n. 強(qiáng)烈的愿望；迫切的要求She urged me to stay. 她力勸我留下。I felt a sudden urge to scream. 我突然很想大聲喊叫。,知識梳理urge sb. to do sth. 強(qiáng)烈要求某人干某事urge sth. on / upon sb. 向某人強(qiáng)調(diào)某物have an urge to do sth. 有迫切要求干某事的愿望點(diǎn)津提示urge后面

48、的從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣should do的形式，其中should可以省略。,探究練習(xí)After the heated discussion, everyone ________ that the safety of the country be improved, otherwise their lives would be endangered.A. urged B. toldC. ordered D. co

49、mmanded,【解析】 A urge在此處是及物動詞，表示“強(qiáng)烈要求”之意，符合語境。,12. inspire vt. & vi 鼓舞；激勵；使產(chǎn)生靈感I hope this success will inspire you to make greater efforts. 我希望這次成功能夠激勵你更加努力。We need a new captain — someone who can inspire the tea

50、m.我們需要一位能夠鼓舞士氣的新隊長。知識梳理inspire sb. to do sth. 激勵某人干某事inspire sb. with sth. 激勵某人的某種感情,發(fā)散思維inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的inspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感求同存異inspire, encourageinspire 指強(qiáng)化人內(nèi)在的愿望。encourage 指給人去做某事的勇氣

51、和決心。,探究練習(xí)When I’m facing the difficulties, my mother always ________ me to try all my best to overcome them.A. admires B. inspiresC. desires D. inquires,【解析】 B 句意：當(dāng)有困難時，媽媽總是激勵我盡我的全力去戰(zhàn)勝它們。考查了inspire sb. to do s

52、th. 表示“激勵某人干某事”之意的用法。inspire是“激勵”之意，符合語境。admire是“欽佩；羨慕”；desire是“渴望”；inquire是“詢問”，均為干擾項。,13. adapt vt. 使適應(yīng)；使適合；改編 vi. 適應(yīng)The children are finding it is hard to adapt to their new school. 孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)新學(xué)校。Most of these tools

53、 have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.這些工具多數(shù)已經(jīng)經(jīng)過特別的改裝，供殘疾人使用。發(fā)散思維adapted adj. 被改編了的；適應(yīng)某物的adaptation n. 改編本；適應(yīng)adaptable adj. 可以改編的；可以適應(yīng)的,知識梳理adapt as 改編成……adapt from 從……改編而來adapt to 適應(yīng)adapt one

54、self / sb. to sth. 使……適應(yīng)……,探究練習(xí)For a very long time he hasn’t been ________ to making a speech in front of so many people.A. applied B. attachedC. adapted D. adopted,【解析】 C 句意：好長一段時間，他都不適應(yīng)在這么多人面前做演講?？疾榱薭e ad

55、apted to表示“適應(yīng)”之意的用法；而apply是“申請”；attach是“附著”；adopt是“采用；收養(yǎng)”，均為干擾項。,高考體驗(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.A. adapt B. appealC. attach D. apply,【解析】 A

56、考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們的優(yōu)勢就是他們能很容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。appeal to“有吸引力；呼吁；求助于”；attach to“粘上；附上”；apply to“應(yīng)用于；適用于”；adapt to“適應(yīng)”。,14. reputation n. 名譽(yù)；名聲This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.該商店因買賣公道而享有極高的聲譽(yù)。He is a man of r

57、eputation. 他是一個很有名譽(yù)的人。知識梳理build up a reputation 博得名聲have a good (bad) reputation 名譽(yù)好(壞)have a reputation for sth. 因……而著名；以……聞名,live up to one’s reputation 不負(fù)盛名;名副其實lose (ruin) one’s reputation 名譽(yù)掃地make an evil r

58、eputation for oneself 弄得聲名狼藉of great (good, high) reputation 很有聲望的；享有盛名的of no reputation 聲名狼藉的of reputation 有名望的,探究練習(xí)China has got a good ________ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization

59、.A. reputation B. influenceC. impression D. knowledge,【解析】 A 句意：中國因為其精心而順利地組織戰(zhàn)勝流感而獲得了一個很好的名譽(yù)?？疾榱藃eputation表示“名譽(yù)；名聲”之意的用法；而influence 是“影響”；impression是“印象”；knowledge是“知識；了解”，均為干擾項。,高考體驗(2010·江蘇)The doctor is

60、 skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________.A. expectation B. reputationC. contribution D. civilization,【解析】 B 考查名詞辨析。句意：這名醫(yī)生對心臟病的治療技術(shù)高超，并且從不接受病

61、人送的任何禮品，因此，他名聲很好。expectation“期待；預(yù)料”；reputation“名譽(yù)；名聲；聲望”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；civilization“文明”。故答案為B項。,重點(diǎn)短語1. aside from (1)除了……之外Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.除了遠(yuǎn)處偶爾有汽車的聲

62、響外,四周一片寂靜。(2)既……又……Aside from physical problems, these patients also have many mental problems.這些病人除了身體上的問題外，還有許多的精神問題。,點(diǎn)津提示類似意義的表達(dá)方式：apart from除……之外(介詞)；此外(副詞)besides除……之外還有(介詞)；此外(副詞)in addition to除……之外還有except

63、除……之外(沒有)except for除……之外(沒有)except+從句 除……之外(沒有),探究練習(xí)________ that little problem, the day was perfect.A. Aside from B. BesidesC. In addition to D. As well as,【解析】 A 考查了aside from 相當(dāng)于except for,表示“除去細(xì)節(jié)以修飾整體”之意的

64、用法。句意：今天總體說來是不錯的，除了這個小問題外。,2. set off 引發(fā)；出發(fā)；引起爆炸；導(dǎo)致I want to set off early in order to avoid the traffic jam.我想早點(diǎn)出發(fā)以避開交通擁擠。This piece of music set off his homesickness.這首樂曲引起了他的思鄉(xiāng)情緒。The news set off a rush of activi

65、ty. 這則消息讓人們蜂擁而上。,知識拓展與set 有關(guān)的其他短語：set apart =set aside 使顯得突出；使……顯得與眾不同set aside (apart) 把……另外存起來；存儲；置之不理；拒絕考慮set at 攻擊；猛烈抨擊set back 使倒退；使受挫折;推遲；撥回(鐘表的針)set before把……放在……面前;把……展示在……面前set down 放下；擱下；記下；登記；制定；規(guī)定set

66、 forth (out) 動身；出發(fā)；起程；提出;發(fā)表;陳述;闡明set forward 出發(fā)；出動；把鐘表時間向前撥,set free 釋放;解放set in(季節(jié)；時期等)開始；來臨;患上(某種疾病)(潮汐)上漲；涌入; ［喻］流行；盛行set off 出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸；點(diǎn)燃；引起set on (upon) 攻擊；襲擊；開始；著手set oneself against 堅決反對;堅決與……為敵set out 出發(fā)；開

67、始；陳述；闡明；提出(理由)set up 豎起;建起；安裝；設(shè)立；開辦,探究練習(xí)用與set有關(guān)的短語填空。(1)The hospital was ________ 29 years ago.(2)The rules have been ________ and should be followed by all of us.(3)The prisoners were ________ yesterday by the gove

68、rnment.(4)When you are young, please ________ some money every month for the future use.(5)Be careful that you don’t ________ the fireworks by mistake.,【答案】 (1)set up (2)set down (3) set free (4)set aside (5) set

69、off,3. be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于I am not accustomed to getting up so early. 我不習(xí)慣這么早起床。Her eyes quickly became accustomed to the dark.她的眼睛很快就適應(yīng)了黑暗。It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea. 他過了一段時間才習(xí)慣了這個想法。發(fā)散思