2015年電子科技大學244 英語考研真題

1、共11頁第1頁電子科技大學電子科技大學2015年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題考試科目：考試科目：244英語英語(二外二外僅日語方向僅日語方向)注：無機讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。注：無機讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispa

2、rt.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsunfinishedstatements.FeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoicethenwritethecrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetPassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefoll

3、owingpassage.PeopleinCalifnialovetotalkabout“zeroemissionsvehicles”butpeopleinCalifniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostallusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthefewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolar

4、cellswegetourelectricityfromgenerats.Generatsarefueledbysomething—usuallycoaloilbutalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsgeothermalplantsaswellbutbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inoth

5、erwdsthose“zeroemissions”carsarelikelycoalburningcars.Itsjustthecoalisburnedsomewhereelsesoitlooksclean.Itisnot.It’sasiftheCalifniaGreensarecoveringtheireyes—“IfIcan’tseeitit’snothappening.”Gasolineisanincrediblyefficien

6、twaytopoweravehicleagallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(anotherfuel)firstuseittomakeelectricityyouwasteanicepartofthatenergymostlyinthefmofwastedheat—atthegeneratthroughthetransmissionlinesetc.Agallonofg

7、asmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswontgetyounearlyasfar—soelectriccarsburnmefuelthangaspoweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesgeothermalhydrosolarwindthenanelectriccartrulywouldb

8、eclean.Butfpoliticaltechnicaleconomicreasonswedon’tusemuchofthoseenergysources.Inadditionelectriccars’batterieswhicharepoisonousfalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalfill（垃圾填埋場）.finallywhencarsarethepollutersthepollutionisspr

9、eadacrossalltheroads.Whenit’sapowerplantthoughallthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentratedbutittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.共11頁第3頁By1908theUnitedStateswastheonlyindus

10、trialnationinthewldthatlackedwkerscompensationinsurance.Americasinjuredwkerscouldsuefdamagesinacourtoflawbuttheystillfacedanumberoftoughlegalbarriers.Fexampleemployeeshadtoprovethattheirinjuriesdirectlyresultedfromemploy

11、ernegligencethattheythemselveswereignantaboutpotentialhazardsinthewkplace.Thefirststatewkerscompensationlawinthiscountrypassedin1911theprogramsoonspreadthroughoutthenation.AfterWldWarIIbenefitpaymentstoAmericanwkersdidno

12、tkeepupwiththecostofliving.Infactrealbenefitlevelswerelowerinthe1970sthantheywereinthe1940sinmoststatesthemaximumbenefitwasbelowthepovertylevelfafamilyoffour.In1970PresidentRidNixonsetupanationalcommissiontostudytheprobl

13、emsofwkerscompensation.Twoyearslaterthecommissionissued19keyrecommendationsincludingonethatcalledfincreasingcompensationbenefitlevelsto100percentofthestatesaverageweeklywages.InfacttheaveragecompensationbenefitinAmericah

14、asclimbedfrom55percentofthestatesaverageweeklywagesin1972to97percenttoday.Butasmoststudiesshowevery10percentincreaseincompensationbenefitsresultsina5percentincreaseinthenumbersofwkerswhofilefclaims.withsomuchmemoneyfloat

15、inginthewkerscompensationsystemitsnotsurprisingthatdoctslawyershavehelpedthemselvestoalargesliceofthegrowingpie.6.ThewldsfirstwkerscompensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck________.A.ffearoflosingthesupptofthesocialistlabmo

16、vementB.outofreligiouspoliticalconsiderationsC.tospeedupthepaceofindustrializationD.tomakeindustrialproductionsafer7.WelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationinEurope________.A.metgrowingresistancefromlabers

17、wkingatmachinesB.resultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsuranceprogramsC.wasaccompaniedbyanincreasednumberofwkshopaccidentsD.requiredwkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersatthewkplace8.OneoftheproblemstheAmericaninjuredwk

18、ersfacedingettingcompensationintheearly19thcenturywasthat_________.A.theyhadtoproduceevidencethattheiremployerswereresponsibleftheaccidentB.AmericasaveragecompensationbenefitwasmuchlowerthanthecostoflivingC.differentstat

19、esintheU.S.hadtotallydifferentcompensationprogramsD.theyhadtohavethecouragetosuefdamagesinacourtoflaw9.After1972wkerscompensationinsuranceintheU.S.becamemefavabletowkerssothat_______.A.thepovertylevelfafamilyoffourwentup