英語(yǔ)中考命題的基本理論與實(shí)踐

1、英語(yǔ)中考命題的基本理論與實(shí)踐,,第一部分 英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的基本理論,一、英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的類型1、常模參照考試將某個(gè)學(xué)生的成績(jī)與其他學(xué)生的成績(jī)進(jìn)行比較；(不適合用于平時(shí)課堂測(cè)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)檎n堂測(cè)驗(yàn)的目的不是把學(xué)生分為三六九等。),2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照考試將考生的成績(jī)與事先制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，不受其他考生成績(jī)的影響。即用一個(gè)既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/尺度來(lái)衡量學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果。,二、試題命制應(yīng)注意的“四度”,1、難度題目難度是題目的難易程度，它是題目對(duì)被試者知識(shí)和能力水平

2、的適合程度的指標(biāo)。測(cè)驗(yàn)難度水平的適當(dāng)與否取決于考試的目的、性質(zhì)和題目的形成。對(duì)于一般的常模參照考試而言其目的是測(cè)量個(gè)體差異，其題目的平均難度最好為0.50，各題難度可在0.50+0.20之間。當(dāng)考試用于選拔時(shí)，題目的難度值應(yīng)更多地接近錄取率。,試題的難度通常分為A、B、C、D四個(gè)層次：A類試題為容易題，相當(dāng)于70%以上的考生能夠正確回答，難度值處于0.7-1之間。B類試題為中等偏易題，相當(dāng)于50%-70%的考生能夠正確回答，難度值處

3、于0.5-0.7之間。C類試題為中等偏難題，相當(dāng)于30%-50%的考生能夠正確回答，難度值處于0.3-0.5之間。D類試題為難題，相當(dāng)于30%以下的考生能夠正確回答，難度值處于0-0.3之間。,2、區(qū)分度,區(qū)分度是指考試題目對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)水平不同的考生的區(qū)分程度的指標(biāo)。具有良好區(qū)分度的題目，對(duì)考生有較強(qiáng)的鑒別能力，水平高的考生得分高，反之則得分低。在常模參照考試中，題目的區(qū)分度是一個(gè)非常重要的指標(biāo)，一般依據(jù)選拔的目的和選拔率來(lái)確定。對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

4、參照考試，只有及格線附近的考生對(duì)題目的區(qū)分度要求較高。,3、信度,信度是指測(cè)試的結(jié)果是否穩(wěn)定、可靠。如果讓一個(gè)考生把同一份試卷做兩次，如果兩次結(jié)果相近，那么測(cè)試具有較高的信度。主觀題的信度尤其重要。由于評(píng)分者的信度難以保證，主觀題的信度也往往難以保證。,4、效度,效度是指測(cè)試是否有效地考查了希望考查的內(nèi)容。就語(yǔ)言水平測(cè)試而言，效度直接關(guān)系到測(cè)試結(jié)果能否準(zhǔn)確反映考生的語(yǔ)言能力?？荚噧?nèi)容、考試形式與命題技術(shù)都直接關(guān)系到測(cè)試的效度。,如

5、果通過(guò)讓學(xué)生寫(xiě)單詞的音標(biāo)來(lái)考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)音能力，那么測(cè)試就缺乏效度。能寫(xiě)音標(biāo)不等于能正確發(fā)音?，F(xiàn)在中考中經(jīng)常使用的間接口語(yǔ)考試的效度也不高。,如果不講究命題技術(shù)，試題也會(huì)缺乏效度： Which of the following does paper burn in?A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2 D. H2,三、命題原則,1.基礎(chǔ)性原則考試內(nèi)容 ： 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 基本技能 綜合運(yùn)

6、用語(yǔ)言的能力 交際能力 用英語(yǔ)做事,2. 客觀性原則,測(cè)試?yán)碚摲蛛x測(cè)試：一般以詞、句形式呈現(xiàn)，缺乏語(yǔ)用情景，孤立測(cè)試某一知識(shí)或能力，信度高，效度相對(duì)較低。綜合測(cè)試：一般以語(yǔ)篇形式呈現(xiàn)，具有一定的語(yǔ)境，測(cè)試某一知識(shí)或能力，信度，效度相對(duì)平衡。交際語(yǔ)言測(cè)試：以語(yǔ)篇形式呈現(xiàn)，具有較為真實(shí)的情景，強(qiáng)調(diào)以互動(dòng)的形式，測(cè)試綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，信度較低，效度高,3. 科學(xué)性原則,行文準(zhǔn)則　 無(wú)知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤 無(wú)文字表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤

7、題型設(shè)計(jì) 知識(shí) 知識(shí)運(yùn)用　能力 聽(tīng)力技能等其它部分主、客觀題 (1) 客觀性題型：答案唯一的選擇題，其整卷權(quán)重值不高于0.61。 (2）主觀性題型：筆錄要點(diǎn)、回答問(wèn)題、摘錄信息、漢英互譯、情景作文等答案不唯一的題型，其整卷權(quán)重值不低于0.39。,4. 公平性原則,素材選用　面向全體學(xué)生　學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活和身心發(fā)展水平　地域以及文化差異　真實(shí)、地道、形式多樣、內(nèi)容健康、　典型、當(dāng)代 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　目的、重

8、點(diǎn)　科學(xué)、可行　全面、公正、客觀、準(zhǔn)確　鑒定和激勵(lì)，正面反撥作用,5. 友好性原則,卷面設(shè)計(jì) 　為考生服務(wù)　認(rèn)知心理、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，　題干語(yǔ)有親和力，　愉悅的心情　考出實(shí)際水平,第二部分 英語(yǔ)試卷的命題技術(shù),一、試題編寫(xiě)基本規(guī)則 (1)語(yǔ)言正確、地道、得體、簡(jiǎn)潔；(2)避免偏頗性，注意中西文化背景的差異；(3)考點(diǎn)明確，且通常只考一個(gè)考點(diǎn)；(4)試題設(shè)計(jì)要具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,要保證試題的答案沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)議；(5)

9、題干與備選項(xiàng)之間在邏輯關(guān)系或詞語(yǔ)使用上應(yīng)避免有所暗示或包含；,(6)同一套試卷中不能有互為答案的試題；(7)備選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度、結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)要盡量一致；(8)單選題通常只包含闡明問(wèn)題所需要的條件，沒(méi)有空白的句子對(duì)選項(xiàng)起限制作用，一般沒(méi)有冗余信息；(9) 備選項(xiàng)要求同質(zhì)，干擾項(xiàng)要有較大的似真性，應(yīng)與正確選項(xiàng)在邏輯上和語(yǔ)法上跟題干保持一致，不應(yīng)拼湊明顯不合理的選項(xiàng)；(10)試題具有時(shí)效性，避免超出時(shí)效范圍的題目；(11)正確選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在

10、各個(gè)位置(A、B、C、D) 的次數(shù)應(yīng)大致相等。,二、各種題型編制的具體要求,1、聽(tīng)力題（1）選材a)應(yīng)該為口頭英語(yǔ)材料，聽(tīng)起來(lái)自然、真實(shí)；b)材料應(yīng)該創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)較為明確的語(yǔ)境；c)應(yīng)該是一段完整的語(yǔ)言材料；d)談話雙方的身份應(yīng)該明確，應(yīng)盡量選差異較大的兩個(gè)人進(jìn)行的一段對(duì)話；,,e)材料應(yīng)該有足夠的信息量，以供試題設(shè) 計(jì)之用；f)材料中不應(yīng)該存在生詞；g)材料內(nèi)容應(yīng)該盡量符合考生的年齡層 次，不應(yīng)該使考生這

11、一年齡層次的人感 到過(guò)于生疏；h)材料不應(yīng)該過(guò)長(zhǎng)或過(guò)短。,（2）試題命制的基本原則,a)考查的必須是關(guān)鍵信息，而且必須是只有通過(guò)聽(tīng)才能獲得的信息。b) 題目應(yīng)按材料中有關(guān)內(nèi)容的先后順序排列；c)考點(diǎn)對(duì)材料內(nèi)容的覆蓋應(yīng)盡可能全面；,d)試題應(yīng)測(cè)試考生對(duì)對(duì)話內(nèi)容、場(chǎng)景等的理解情況，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算和一般生活常識(shí)類的試題不應(yīng)該在聽(tīng)力部分出現(xiàn)；e)各選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度、難度、句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該基本一致； f)應(yīng)避免各選項(xiàng)相互牽連與包容。,（3）試

12、題設(shè)問(wèn)技巧,① 問(wèn)談話本身的意思W: Excuse me, would you mind if I used your phone?M: Help yourself. It’s on the table over there.Q: What does the man tell the woman to do?A. Bring some food to the table.B. Help herself to some food

13、.C. Use the phone on the table.,②問(wèn)從談話可以推斷的情況W：I was at the bus stop at 1:00. Why didn’t I see you there?M: I got there at a quarter to 12 and waited a while. But I guess I left before you got there.When did the man p

14、robably leave the bus stop?A. 11:00.B. 12:00.C. 1:00.,③問(wèn)談話的情景或語(yǔ)境W: Sorry, you can only borrow three books at a time.M: OK. But must I put these two books back to the book shelves or I can leave them here?W: Of co

15、urse you must put them back yourself.Where did this conversation probably take place? In a book store.B. In a library.C. In a laboratory.,2、單項(xiàng)選擇題,側(cè)重考查學(xué)生在一定的語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法、詞匯等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。單項(xiàng)填空題要注意加大考點(diǎn)的覆蓋面，力求題干語(yǔ)境真實(shí)、語(yǔ)義豐富、表達(dá)地道。 由

16、于近年來(lái)單選題數(shù)量有逐步減少的趨勢(shì)，因此該題型考查范圍盡可能局限于語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。（實(shí)例略）,3、完形填空題,a)所選短文應(yīng)該主旨明確，大意清楚，有較好的連貫性；b)語(yǔ)言難度適當(dāng)，題材是學(xué)生比較熟悉的內(nèi)容；c)所選短文的長(zhǎng)度要適當(dāng)。太短的材料不利于挖空，可能使刪詞過(guò)于密集；太長(zhǎng)的材料則會(huì)增加學(xué)生的閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)和考試時(shí)間；d)不宜在短文的首句和末句中挖空；,e)空白之間的間距要適當(dāng)。一般間距為7至9個(gè)單詞為宜。間距過(guò)小會(huì)增加試題的難度；間距

17、太大則會(huì)降低難度，同時(shí)增加材料的篇幅和閱讀的時(shí)間；f)要注意所刪詞語(yǔ)在文段中確實(shí)有上下文線索，使學(xué)生能夠依據(jù)這些線索進(jìn)行推斷。g)不宜把語(yǔ)言知識(shí)以外的其他知識(shí)作為考查的重點(diǎn)，如一般不把專有名詞等挖空。h)完形填空屬于閱讀理解的范疇，不要考純語(yǔ)法的項(xiàng)目。,One day, a young man called Tom came 1 see the great artist, Da Vinci（達(dá)· 芬奇）. He wa

18、nted 2 drawing. Da Vinci gave him 3 egg and told him 4 it. The young man worked quickly and 5 . “ Draw it again, ” said Da Vinci.1. A. in B. at C. to2. A. study B. to study

19、 C. to learn3. A. a B. an C. the4. A. to eat B. draw C. to draw5. A. show the artist it B. show it to the artist C. showed it to the artist,The young man drew 6 egg, bu

20、t Da Vinci made him 7 it again. The young man was very angry. “I can draw an egg 8 two minutes. Why do you keep me 9 ?Please teach me how to draw.” Da Vinci smiled and said, “ Yes, you can. But it 10

21、you several years to learn to draw a perfect egg.”6. A. another B. the other C. other7. A. draw B. drawing C. drawn8. A. in B. with C. after9. A. to wait B. waiting

22、 C. waiting for10. A. will spendB. take C. will take,Once upon a time a poor farmer 1 a bag of wheat to the mill did not know 2 to do when it slipped from his horse and fell into the road. The bag was

23、too heavy 3 him to lift, and his only hope was that presently someone 4 come by and 5 a hand.1. A. bringingB. carryingC. taking2. A. howB. whatC. which3. A. aboutB. forC. of4. A. shallB. shouldC. w

24、ould5. A. borrowB. lendC. help,Once upon a time a poor farmer was taking a bag of wheat to the mill. When the bag slipped from his 1 and fell to the ground, he didn’t know what to do. It was too 2 for him to lift

25、, and his only hope was that 3 someone would come by and 4 a hand.1. A. handB. shoulderC. horse2. A. wetB. heavyC. loose3. A. presentlyB. at presentC. quickly4. A. borrowB. lend C. help,It was not 6

26、 a rider appeared, but the farmer’s heart 7 when he recognized him, 8 it was the great man who lived in a castle nearby. The farmer would dare to ask another farmer to help, or any poor man 9 might have come along

27、the road, but he could not beg a favor of 10 . However, as soon as the great man came up he got 11 his horse, saying, “I see you’ve had bad luck, friend. How good it is 12 I’m here just at the right time.” Then he

28、took one end of the bag, the farmer 13 and between them they lifted it on the horse. 6. A. after longB. before longC. long before7. A. sankB. sankedC. sink8. A. because B. forC. owing to9. A. heB. one

29、C. who10. A. a great so man B. a so great manC. so great a man11. A. awayB. off C. down12. A. ifB. thatC. when13. A. anotherB. otherC. the other,It was not 5 a rider appeared, but the farmer’s heart

30、 6 when the man came nearer, 7 it was the wealthy lord from a nearby town. The farmer would not have hesitated to stop another farmer or any 8 for help. But how could he stop this great lord and ask him to 9 a ba

31、g of wheat. 10 , as soon as the great lord came up he got off his horse without being asked to. “I see you’ve had bad 11 , friend,” he said to the farmer. “What a 12 thing that I came just at the right moment.” Th

32、en…5. A. before longB. long beforeC. after long6. A. sankB. brokeC. stopped7. A. andB. forC. since8. A. poor man B. rich manC. rider9. A. liftB. takeC. carry10. A. OtherwiseB. On the contraryC.

33、However 11. A. luckB. horseC. time12. A. funnyB. goodC. strange,4、閱讀理解題,A．選材原則a)短文的主題應(yīng)該得當(dāng)，應(yīng)該對(duì)各類考生均公平合理；b)短文應(yīng)該語(yǔ)言地道、條理清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；c)語(yǔ)言難易適度；文章內(nèi)容恰當(dāng)；內(nèi)容不要過(guò)于專業(yè)；d)文章長(zhǎng)短適宜，要有新信息；e)材料里信息的呈現(xiàn)，要符合不同的閱讀方式的要求；f)文章應(yīng)該自成一體，有頭有尾

34、。,B.試題命制,a)考查的應(yīng)該是只有通過(guò)閱讀才能獲得的信息。b)考點(diǎn)對(duì)材料內(nèi)容的覆蓋應(yīng)盡可能全面；c)避免將閱讀題出成語(yǔ)法或翻譯題；d)各選項(xiàng)的形式、長(zhǎng)度、結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)基本一致；e)各選項(xiàng)不應(yīng)相互牽連或包容；f)正確答案一般不應(yīng)是材料中的原句。,C、閱讀新題型命制舉例,(1)任務(wù)型閱讀A)圖片B)廣告C)表格D)告示與海報(bào)E)文章標(biāo)題F)圖書(shū)目錄,Look at the poster and choose the ri

35、ght one.A. All the students can go to the club on Friday morning.B. It costs you ?2.5 a month if you go to the club every weekend.C. A 15-year-old student can go to the club at 21:00 on Saturday.,（2）閱讀填空,主要考查學(xué)生的閱讀策略。它

36、要求學(xué)生通讀全文，在全面理解文章的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的推敲，通過(guò)上下文把摘出來(lái)的句子還原到文章中。此題型十分有利于考查學(xué)生把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文邏輯推理的能力。,（3）閱讀歸納,本題是一道閱讀匹配題，它給學(xué)生提供五段簡(jiǎn)短的段落和六個(gè)備選的段落標(biāo)題或中心意思，要求考生閱讀每一個(gè)段落后進(jìn)行概括，并找出與之匹配的中心短語(yǔ)或中心句。要求學(xué)生讀懂原文，了解原文大意，對(duì)每一段短文做一個(gè)精煉的概括，找到相應(yīng)的答案。,5、寫(xiě)作技能題,考查學(xué)生根

37、據(jù)提示，以書(shū)面的形式進(jìn)行信息溝通，再現(xiàn)生活經(jīng)歷，描述周圍的人、物的能力，以及表達(dá)意見(jiàn)、觀點(diǎn)的能力，特別是考查學(xué)生表達(dá)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的能力。因此，命題必須圍繞是否可以有效表述自己的思想進(jìn)行。初中階段的書(shū)面表達(dá)不是真正意義上的作文，命題時(shí)必須考慮題材和體裁均是學(xué)生熟悉的東西，不要設(shè)計(jì)新穎的意境和優(yōu)美的文字，要能激勵(lì)學(xué)生動(dòng)筆。,（1）單詞拼寫(xiě),命題立意是在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上考識(shí)記。所有的單詞都必須根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定，首字母和漢語(yǔ)既是提示又是限制。必

38、須注意詞形的變化，包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)（最高級(jí)）等。,Dear grandma,How’s it going? I hope that grandpa is well now. I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. I hope you are in good (1)健康 .Things are fine here. I finished

39、my end-of-year (2)e last week, and got my report card today. I (3)總是 get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail, but I’m (4) 幸運(yùn)的 that I did OK this time. I had a really hard time with science this

40、semester, and I wasn’t surprised to find that my (5)最差的 report was from my science teacher.,She said I was (6) 懶惰 , which isn’t true. It’s just that I find science really (7) d . Another disappointing result was in hi

41、story. My history teacher said I could do (8) b . The good news is that my (9) m teacher said I was hard-working. And my Spanish teacher said my listening was good. Well, that’s about all the news I have for now. Mo

42、m and (10) D send their love.Love,Alan,（2）摘錄要點(diǎn),A)命題選文時(shí)必須考慮是否有足夠的信息量；B)表格的設(shè)計(jì)必須脈絡(luò)清楚，是文章最主要信息或觀點(diǎn)的圖表體現(xiàn)C)考點(diǎn)應(yīng)涉及語(yǔ)言歸納與重組能力；D)考點(diǎn)與答案均不要過(guò)于直白。,Courses of American High Schools,（3）完成對(duì)話,A)選擇材料時(shí)應(yīng)考慮對(duì)話的長(zhǎng)度適中，信息點(diǎn)充分；B)挖空以問(wèn)句為主的試題，以利

43、于調(diào)控答案的基本一致；C)挖空以答句為主的試題，以利于學(xué)生因人而異自由作答，更接近本題型的初衷；D)考點(diǎn)以句而不是以單詞或詞組為單位；E)所填句子必須受上下文或全篇控制，而不是以常識(shí)為依據(jù)。,A: Hi, can I help you?B: Yes, please. I want to join a club.A: Good. May I have your name? B: Zhang Yang.A: How old a

44、re you? B: 1 .A: What club do you want to join? B: 2 .A: Why?B: 3 .A: How long have you learned it?B: 4 .A: Do you have an e-mail address?B: 5 .A: Great. Thanks a lot.B: Thank you!,（4）情景作

45、文,A)體裁應(yīng)多樣化，考生應(yīng)熟悉命題作文、看圖（表）寫(xiě)話、書(shū)信、電子郵件、日記等B)書(shū)寫(xiě)至少以句為單位；C)評(píng)分以達(dá)意為基本準(zhǔn)則，不宜求全責(zé)備，要求過(guò)高。,三、題型和素材選取的導(dǎo)向性,體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)倡導(dǎo)的教育理念 糾正普遍存在的教學(xué)誤區(qū)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法素材盡可能具有正面的、積極的教育意義將考試變成學(xué)習(xí),四、試題命題的流程,（1）選定命題教師,（2）確定考試性質(zhì),（3）制定雙向細(xì)目表,（4）選擇語(yǔ)言材料,A）題材廣泛、體

46、裁多樣,B）有強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代感,C）貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際,（5）命題、審題、校對(duì)、制定評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Thanks for your attention！,2010.4.,Thanks for your attention!,2010-4-19,_______, I would like take an umbrella with me.Had I been youB. I were youC. Were I you

47、D. I had been you,It was ordered that no smoking_____ in the library.A. is allowedB. be allowedC. will be allowed,,The family ate dinner at the restaurant. caféB. tea houseC. hospitalD. clinic,,I broke

48、my legs and____ in bed for weeks.A. liedB. lainC. layD. laid2. If my legs had not been broken, I should not____ in bed for weeks.lieB. layC. have lainD. have laid3. If my legs had not been broken, I_____ i

49、n bed for weeks.should have liedB. should not have lainC. should have layD. should not have laid,The boy is very thirsty. Would you ______ him some ______, please? A. take, breadB. bring, drink

50、 C. get, eggsD. help, cakes,He gained his _____ by printing_____ of famous writers.A. wealth; workB. wealths; worksC. wealths; workD. wealth; works,You’re going to the movies, ____?aren’t you B. don’t weC.

51、aren’t they D. aren’t IYou’re going to the movies, ____you?A. aren’t B. don’t C. areD. do,,The three months of spring in China are ______. A. December, January and February B. March, April and May C. J

52、anuary, February and March D. February, March and April,By the time we got home, I____ all about it. had forgotB. had forgottenC. forgotD. was forgettingYou look hungry. Don’t you want ____ to eat?A. somethi

53、ng B. anything C. nothing D. everything,My father____ me to become a doctor.(78年高考） thinksB. saysC. hopesGreat men never give up_____ difficulty. (85MET) in face ofB. in face of theC. in the face of

54、D. in the face of the,He _____ before seven o’clock.ate, dressed and washedB. washed, ate and dressedC. washed, dressed and ateD. ate, washed and dressed,,This arrangement suits me down to the ground. is exactly as

55、I wanted is the last thing I wanted is against my wishes is not what I want is a burden to me,The frown on the man’s face showed that he was displeased. look of fearB. look of angerC. look of delightD. look of

56、surpriseHe thought it was lawful to buy a gun without a permit.allowed by lawB. against the societyC. a pleasureD. necessary,,23. He didn’t attend the meeting. If he had, you____ him.would seeB. had seen C. w

57、ould have seen28. If you_____ here yesterday, you would have seen his mother.A. were B. had beenC. came,,That man was dead to all sense of shame. quite dead dead, and could not feel shame any more too ashamed

58、shameless,,—How long did the meeting___ yesterday afternoon?—Not more than two hours. We went home at about 5 o’clock.A. stayB. lastC. liveD. do,He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _______he is tired out.

59、A．I don’t thinkB．It is impossibleC．It is no wonderD．It is no way,,_____! Things are not so bad as they seem.A. Happy upB. Get upC. Cheer upD. Sit upMarie_____ to the store; you’ve missed her.A. is

60、just goingB. had just beenC. has just wentD. has just goneSuch an error ____this can be avoided, if you are more careful.A. likeB. asC. withD. that,It’s too windy to go for a walk.A. swimB. sailC. driveD.

61、 stroll,,Text (omitted)Questions:Why do so many people become addicted to cigarettes?A. Because they liked the taste of tar.B. Because smoking makes them relaxed.C. Because smoking cures them of cancer.2. What i

62、s the substance in cigarettes that causes cancer?A. Cigarette ashes.B. Nicotine.C. Tar.3. Health experts are trying to persuade people to____.A. buy cigarettes with less tarB. smoke only a few cigarettes a day

63、 C. give up smoking entirely4. Smokers welcome low-tar cigarettes because ____.A. they are less harmfulB. they cost less C. they taste better,聽(tīng)短文，填寫(xiě)文中所缺的單詞。將該詞填入答題卡。 It is 1 to find your way from the station t

64、o the school. When you come 2 of the station, turn left and walk until you 3 the traffic lights. Turn left 4 . You will be 5 Flower Street. Keep 6 until you come to the cinema.,,Listen to me, boys and girls,We

65、’re going to see a film in the Red Moon Cinema this afternoon. The name of the film is My brothers and Sisters. It starts at 2:30. Please get to school before 2 o’clock. We are going to the cinema together.1. Which cine

66、ma are the students going to this afternoon?A. The Red Moon Cinema.B. The Blue Star Cinema.C. The Red Sun Cinema.2. What is the name of the film?A. My Parents.B. My Brothers and Sisters. C. My Uncles and Aunts.

67、3. When does the film start?A. At 2:00.B. At 2:30.C. At 3:00.,,W: You speak English very well. How long have you been learning English?M: I’ve been learning English for five and a half years.How long has the man

68、been learning English?Four years.B. Five years. C. Five and a half years.,,M: Have you heard of a Mr Smith living in this neighborhood? People say he’s very old.W: Yes, he was born in 1918. But his sister is even ol