當(dāng)代研究生英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)texta英漢對(duì)照

1、ECIT1761901221UNIT4WHO’SINGEOFTHEGLOBALECONOMY1DrivenbythetelecommunicationsrevolutiontheglobaleconomyislikeaspeedingtrainthatkeepsgettingfastersaysThomasFriedman1theNewYkTimesfeignpolicycolumnist.“What’swse”Friedmanwrit

2、es“noonecanslowthetraindownbecausethewldeconomytodayisjustliketheInter:everybodyisconnectedbutnobodyisinge.”1《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》對(duì)外政策專欄作家托馬斯弗里德曼指出，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)受到電信革命的驅(qū)動(dòng)，就像一列正在飛馳的列車一樣發(fā)展愈來愈快。弗里德曼還寫道：“更糟糕的是，沒有人能讓該列車減速，因?yàn)榻裉斓娜蚪?jīng)濟(jì)就像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣，人人與之相連，但沒有

3、人能控制它。”2Theideathattheglobaleconomyisoutofcontrolhasacertainappealtothosewhofeelleftinthedustbycpatemegamergersdownsizingmonolithicchainstesevermphingfinancialmarketsanemergingculturethatseemsalientohumanvalues.2面對(duì)公司大合并（

4、并購(gòu)）、正在裁員的大規(guī)模連鎖店、不斷變化的金融市場(chǎng)以及一種正在興起的、似乎有悸人類價(jià)值觀的文化，一些人感覺已經(jīng)落伍，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正在失控這一論點(diǎn)對(duì)于他們頗具吸力。3ButunlikeFriedmanIhaveaprettygoodideawho’singe.Theyaretradefinanceministersofthewealthynationsleadersofmultinationalmanufacturingfinancefirm

5、shighlevelstaffofinstitutionsliketheInternationalMoaryFundWldTradeganization(WTO).AgoodnumberofthemwillbemeetinginSeattleattheendofNovemberwhentheWTOholdsitsthirdministerialmeeting.Highontheagendawillbethedecisionwhether

6、tolaunchanew“millennium”roundofcomprehensivetradenegotiations.ManypeoplewhoareconcernedabouttheimpactofglobalizationwillhavetheireyesonSeattle.3但是，與弗里德曼不同，我很了解誰(shuí)控制著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。他們就是富裕國(guó)家的貿(mào)易及金融部長(zhǎng)、跨國(guó)制造公司和金融公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及像國(guó)際貨幣基金組織及世界貿(mào)易組織(W

7、TO)等機(jī)構(gòu)的高級(jí)官員。他們中的許多人將參加定于l1月底在西雅圖召開的第三屆世界貿(mào)易組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議。會(huì)議的首要議程是決定是否啟動(dòng)新一輪全面廣泛的“千年”貿(mào)易談判，許多關(guān)心全球化沖擊的人們都將會(huì)關(guān)注西雅圖。4Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicymakerseconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomythebenefitsoffre

8、etradetheytoooftenignethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftBoeingcochairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteeftheWTOmeetingareamongthewinners.Butthefmglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichponations.AccdingtotheUni

9、tedNationsDevelopmentProgram“theincomegapbetweentherichestfifthofthewld’speoplethepoestfifthmeasuredbyaveragenationalincomeperheadincreasedfrom30toonein1960to74toonein1997.”Nearly90%ofalleconomicactivitytakesplaceintheri

10、chnationsECIT1761901223theglobaleconomyaresetissuchacrucialinstitution.7對(duì)于大多數(shù)美國(guó)及其他國(guó)家的人來說，沒有適當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)則去創(chuàng)建可行的（經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行方案以保護(hù)那些公司資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上顯示不出來的工人的利益，環(huán)境和人類利益全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行就像在最低層的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)那樣無序。這就是為什么設(shè)定全球經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則的世界貿(mào)易組織是一個(gè)如此重要的公共機(jī)構(gòu)。8Establishedin1995as

11、thesuccesstotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsTradetheWTOisaninternationalganizationthatis“writingtheconstitutionofasingleglobaleconomy”accdingtofmerWTODirectGeneralRenatoRuggiero.TheWTOaimstoincreaseglobaltradebyreducingrestr

12、ictionsoncrossbdercommercesuchastariffs(taxesonimpts).Accdingtoclassicaltheyaninternationaleconomywksmostefficientlyifeachnationproducesthosegoodsitismostsuitedtoproducetradesthemfgoodsinwhichothernationshavea“comparativ

13、eadvantage”.8.作為關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定的繼承者，成立于1995年的世界貿(mào)易組織是一個(gè)國(guó)際性機(jī)構(gòu)。按照世界貿(mào)易組織前任總干事雷納托魯杰羅的說法，“它書寫著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的憲法”世界貿(mào)易組織的目的就是要通過減少跨邊境商務(wù)限制，如關(guān)稅(進(jìn)口稅)等，來增加全球貿(mào)易量。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)理論，如果每一個(gè)國(guó)家都生產(chǎn)適合本國(guó)條件的產(chǎn)品，并將其產(chǎn)品與其他國(guó)家有“相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”的商品進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行就會(huì)達(dá)到最佳效果。9Butinthenewglobalec

14、onomyinternationaltradeisnotjustcrossbdersalesofcarsbananassneakersotherproducts.Itincludesdealingsasdiverseas:internationalcurrencytransactionswhichamounttomethan$1.5trillionadaystockbondmarketsinmajcitiesthatattractglo

15、balspeculatsthesaleofimagesideasalsoknownas“intellectualproperty”salesofserviceslikeinsurancebankingtransferofgoodsfromacpatesubdivisioninonecountrytoitssubdivisioninanotherwhichaccountsfsome40%ofalltradeingoods.9但在新的全球經(jīng)

16、濟(jì)中，國(guó)際貿(mào)易不僅是汽車、香蕉、運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋以及其他商品的跨境銷售，它還包括以下各種交易：總計(jì)每天超過15萬億美元的國(guó)際貨幣流通業(yè)務(wù)；吸引著全球投機(jī)者的主要城市的股票和債券市場(chǎng)；各種各樣的形象構(gòu)造和理念思想(即“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”)的出售；銀行和保險(xiǎn)等行業(yè)的服務(wù)銷售；貨物運(yùn)輸：把貨物從某公司在一個(gè)國(guó)家的分支機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到其在另一個(gè)國(guó)家的分支機(jī)構(gòu)。貨運(yùn)占據(jù)了大約所有貨物商品交易的40％。10inthenew“freetrade”philosophylaws

17、thatregulateanybusinessactivityindertoprotectpublichealththeenvironmenthumanrightslocalcommunityinterestsmaybeconsidered“nontariffbarrierstotrade”beprohibited.10從新的“自由貿(mào)易”觀念來看，為了保護(hù)公眾健康、環(huán)境、人權(quán)以及本地利益而限制某些商業(yè)行為的法律，都可能被認(rèn)為是“非關(guān)稅貿(mào)