山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中技術(shù)供需主體適應(yīng)性分析

1、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中技術(shù)供需主體適應(yīng)性分析 I 山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中技術(shù)供需主體適應(yīng)性分析 摘 要 農(nóng)業(yè)是關(guān)系到國計(jì)民生的基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)對推動(dòng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展有著十分重要的作用，作為農(nóng)業(yè)大省，山東省必須大力完善農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系，有效開展農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣，針對不同農(nóng)戶的不同技術(shù)需求，推廣適用性強(qiáng)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)，滿足農(nóng)戶需求，通過改善農(nóng)戶的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，有效提高生產(chǎn)效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收，進(jìn)而提高農(nóng)戶收入水平和生活質(zhì)量，推

2、動(dòng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展。 當(dāng)前， 山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中的技術(shù)供給主體與技術(shù)需求主體之間產(chǎn)生了一定程度的不適應(yīng)性， 隨著技術(shù)需求主體的不斷分化， 其技術(shù)需求呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的特點(diǎn)，而技術(shù)供給主體之間缺乏合理有效的協(xié)調(diào)和分工， 導(dǎo)致一部分農(nóng)戶的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)需求得不到滿足，進(jìn)而降低了農(nóng)戶參與農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣的熱情，阻礙了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，本文從農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供給和需求兩個(gè)角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)合實(shí)地問卷調(diào)查，指出農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供需之間存在的不適應(yīng)性，并結(jié)合國外有益借

3、鑒，為山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系建設(shè)提出建議。 本文首先分別對山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中技術(shù)供給主體和需求主體的基本情況進(jìn)行了分析，將技術(shù)供給主體劃分為政府主導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣組織、企業(yè)主導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣組織、科研機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣組織和農(nóng)村合作組織農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣組織，將技術(shù)需求主體劃分為小規(guī)模兼業(yè)農(nóng)戶、合作經(jīng)營農(nóng)戶和專業(yè)種植大戶，并分別歸納出各供給主體的技術(shù)供給特點(diǎn)和各需求主體的技術(shù)需求特點(diǎn)， 總結(jié)其發(fā)展的趨勢和存在的問題；然后通過分析調(diào)查問卷的

4、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，深入探討了山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供需主體之間的不適應(yīng)性，指出當(dāng)前山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中存在需求與供給脫節(jié)、各技術(shù)供給主體分工不明、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)信息傳播不暢和農(nóng)業(yè)推廣體系發(fā)展緩慢等問題；隨后，對美、日、荷等國的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系建設(shè)進(jìn)行有益借鑒，包括加強(qiáng)政府主導(dǎo)地位、重視推廣人員素質(zhì)教育、重視農(nóng)協(xié)組織建設(shè)等；最后分別針對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供給主體、需求主體和保障制度三方面，提出了適用于山東省自身特點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系改革建議，對于農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供給主體，應(yīng)

5、建立以農(nóng)戶需求為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)供給，協(xié)調(diào)供給主體之間分工與協(xié)作，強(qiáng)化政府行為的主導(dǎo)地位，完善推廣隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，提高人員素質(zhì)，完善農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣運(yùn)行機(jī)制；對于農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)需求主體，應(yīng)大力提高農(nóng)戶文化素質(zhì)，促山東省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系中技術(shù)供需主體適應(yīng)性分析 III Adaptability Analysis on Supply and Demand in Shandong Province’s Agricultural Technology Exten

6、sion System Abstract Agriculture is basic industry, it’s related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood. Modernization of agriculture plays a very important role in the national economy’s healthy and stable

7、development. As a major agricultural province, Shandong Province must improve agricultural technology extension system vigorously, and make agricultural technology promotion effective implementation. Shandong should prom

8、ote different agricultural technologies applicability to meet the different needs of farmers, and improve agricultural production technology to improve production efficiency, therefore farmers’ income and quality of life

9、 will increase. However, there is maladjustment between supply side and demand side of agricultural technology extension system in Shandong Province. With the differentiation of the technical demand side, farmers’ techn

10、ical requirements become diversification. Due to the lack of effective coordination and division in technical supply side, some farmers’ agricultural technology needs are not met, therefore, the enthusiasm of farmers to

11、participate in the promotion of agricultural technology becomes lower. There is an urgent need for the agricultural technology extension system for a series of reforms to promote the coordination between supply and deman

12、d of agricultural technology, greatly improving the efficiency of agricultural technology extension. This paper analyzes the basic situation of supply side and demand side of agricultural technology extension system in S

13、handong Province first of all. Technical supply side is divided into government-led agricultural technology extension organization, enterprise-led agricultural technology extension organization, research institutions lea

14、ding agricultural technology extension organization and rural cooperative organization. Technical demand side is divided into small-scale farmers, co-operative farmers and professional farmers. This paper summarizes thei