加減法問題大小效應產(chǎn)生機制的erp研究

1、南京師范大學碩士學位論文加減法問題大小效應產(chǎn)生機制的ERP研究姓名：田花申請學位級別：碩士專業(yè)：基礎心理學指導教師：劉昌2009-04-26Abstract II Abstract Abstract Problem-size effect means that the large problem (e.g., 7+9) is solved with more response time and errors than the sma

2、ll problem (e.g., 2+3) in mental addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Most previous models of arithmetic solution share the assumption that adults solve simple arithmetic problems by retrieving an answer f

3、rom a network of stored associations. In accord with this view, the problem-size effect has been attributed to various aspects of the representation of stored arithmetic knowledge. The small problems are retrieved more q

4、uickly than large problems because the associative strength between problem and answer in small problems is stronger than in large problems. Recently the researchers started to focus on the important role of nonretrieval

5、 procedures such as counting and decomposition on the problem-size effect. And the problem-size effect is due to the slower retrieval and nonretrieval procedures and greater use of slower nonretrieval procedures for larg

6、e problems. In present study, we examined the role of the retrieval and nonretrieval procedures on the problem-size effect in addition and subtraction by ERP. 16 healthy volunteers with no history of neurological or psyc

7、hiatric disorder were recruited (12 women, 4 men, range 23-27 years). The arithmetic verification tasks and arithmetic production tasks were composed of single addition and the subtraction, for example, “6+7”, or “13-7”.

8、 In experiment 1, an arithmetic and an Arabic number presented on the screen successively, and the participants had to judge the number right or wrong as soon as possible. The EEGs were recorded when the number presented

9、. In experiment 2, the participants must compute the answer of the arithmetic before the number presented on the screen. The EEGs were recorded when the arithmetic appeared. The EEGs were recorded and analyzed with the S

10、CAN 4.3 software. In experiment 1, in both addition and subtraction, the latency of the negative component evoked by the wrong answer was longer in the large problems than in the small problems. It showed that the associ

11、ative strength between problem and answer in small problems was stronger than in large problems. The retrieval procedures of the large problems were slower, and the large problems were solved by more nonretrieval procedu