評(píng)哈貝馬斯對(duì)歷史唯物主義的重建

1、 1 評(píng)哈貝馬斯對(duì)歷史唯物主義的重建 內(nèi)容摘要 在 21 世紀(jì)資本主義發(fā)展新階段，哈貝馬斯提出了的重建歷史唯物主義的理論，哈貝馬斯把這個(gè)階段稱為“晚期資本主義階段”。在這個(gè)階段中出現(xiàn)的許多新狀況是重建歷史唯物主義提出的動(dòng)因。另外，對(duì)西方馬克思主義的一些理論，尤其是文化理論的吸收，是重建論的重要理論來源。哈貝馬斯根據(jù)自身對(duì)歷史唯物主義的了解和資本主義社會(huì)新現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)對(duì)歷史唯物主義提出了幾點(diǎn)批評(píng)，主要是針對(duì)馬克思主義落后于實(shí)踐；和歷史唯物主

2、義的幾個(gè)理論：“社會(huì)勞動(dòng)”理論、生產(chǎn)方式和社會(huì)形態(tài)理論、社會(huì)基本矛盾理論、危機(jī)理論。哈貝馬斯在批評(píng)中提出重建的理論，重建論主要是以社會(huì)進(jìn)化、生活合理化和交往行為理論三者為基礎(chǔ)，以學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制和社會(huì)進(jìn)化為框架建立起來的，其中還穿插了社會(huì)一體化、語言交往行為、社會(huì)組織理論等等的理論。當(dāng)然哈貝馬斯對(duì)歷史唯物主義的批評(píng)也是其重建論的一部分。 對(duì)哈貝馬斯重建論的評(píng)析要堅(jiān)持辯證的原則， 對(duì)其正確的積極的方面要給予積極評(píng)價(jià)來作為我們可供學(xué)習(xí)的地方；對(duì)不正

3、確的歪曲的方面要給予清楚的分析批評(píng)，作為我們前進(jìn)道路上的警醒。由于哈貝馬斯的重建論屬于西方馬克思主義文化理論派中的一種，故而本文在分析了歷史唯物主義和文化理論的關(guān)系的前提下，主要從四個(gè)方面對(duì)重建論做出評(píng)析：在歷史觀的出發(fā)點(diǎn)上對(duì)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)與語言交往行為的選擇；在進(jìn)化上對(duì)生產(chǎn)方式與語言文化的選擇；對(duì)“社會(huì)組織原則”被作為劃分社會(huì)形態(tài)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制理論；以及對(duì)資本主義的危機(jī)問題的理論。 總之，對(duì)歷史唯物主義，無論從理解或是創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的角

4、度，都需要堅(jiān)持正確的哲學(xué)路線，堅(jiān)持歷史唯物主義的基本立場(chǎng)、基本觀點(diǎn)和基本原則，才能保證我們走向正確的道路。馬克思主義中國(guó)化正是堅(jiān)持了這樣的哲學(xué)路線，對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)提供了正確的理論指導(dǎo)。重建論對(duì)我們的重要啟發(fā)是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)依然需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新和發(fā)展歷史唯物主義。 1 Abstract bstract Habermas's rebuilding of historical materialism theory was bee

5、n put forward in the new stage of the development of the capitalism in twenty-first Century, this stage is called by Habermas “the late capitalism stage “. Many new problems at this stage are the cause of

6、the reconstruction of historical materialism. In addition, by the absorption of the relevant theory of Western Marxist, especially the cultural theory, Habermas completed its reconstruction important theory sourc

7、e theory. According Habermas's understand to the historical materialism and the capitalism of social new phenomenon, he put forward some criticism, mainly for the Marx doctrine behind practice and some historical mat

8、erialism theory like, the theory of “social labor “, the mode of production，the theory of social morphology, the theory of social basic contradiction and crisis theory etc.. The reconstruction of the theory put forward b

9、y Habermas in criticism. Reconstruction theory is mainly to the social evolution, rationalization of life world and the theory of communicative action in three as the foundation, and the framework is built up by

10、 learning mechanism and social evolutionary, with the integration of society, language communication behavior, social organization theory and the theory of. Of course Habermas criticism of historical materiali

11、sm is a part of his reconstruction theory. We should insisting the dialectical principle on Habermas reconstruction theory, give positive evaluation to the positive aspects as we can place of study; give cri

12、ticism and clear analysis of the distorted is not correct, as we move forward to the road to watch. Because of Habermas's reconstruction belongs to a kind of Western Marxism culture theory, so after the analysis of t

13、he relationship between historical materialism and the theory of culture, mainly from four aspects of the reconstruction theory to make comments on: the chose of material production activities and the language communicat