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簡(jiǎn)介:河北師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文統(tǒng)一后德國(guó)的歐洲認(rèn)同與德國(guó)歐洲政策的選擇姓名姚輝申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)國(guó)際政治指導(dǎo)教師張?bào)K20090528可信程度產(chǎn)生消極的影響;德國(guó)在推動(dòng)歐洲一體化過(guò)程中在一些方面削弱了德國(guó)部分國(guó)家利益。這主要體現(xiàn)在全球化和歐洲一體化的背景下,德國(guó)的民族國(guó)家利益受到了一定的影響,一些政府官員和部分民眾和對(duì)歐洲一體化持消極的態(tài)度,極端右翼勢(shì)力借機(jī)煽動(dòng)民眾的排外情緒。另一方面,主要論述德國(guó)的歐洲認(rèn)同對(duì)東亞認(rèn)同的啟示。目前,東亞地緣政治色彩較濃,東亞主導(dǎo)文化主要是洛克文化,甚至還有霍布斯文化的痕跡。東亞一體化剛剛起步,當(dāng)前還面臨許多困難,建立東亞認(rèn)同的任務(wù)還相當(dāng)?shù)木o迫。建立東亞認(rèn)同應(yīng)先易后難,真正地把東亞一體化提到各政府的議事日程上來(lái),從政府到社會(huì)形成一個(gè)良好的氛圍,而不僅僅是為了短期的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。IV關(guān)鍵詞統(tǒng)一后的德國(guó)歐洲認(rèn)同歐洲政策選擇
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簡(jiǎn)介:曲阜師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文從英美“特殊關(guān)系”到“回歸歐洲”略論戰(zhàn)后英國(guó)外交重心的轉(zhuǎn)移姓名趙桂娟申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)歷史學(xué)世界史指導(dǎo)教師郝承敦20090401ABSTRACTWORLDWARIICOMPLETELYCHANGEDTHEINTERNATIONALPOLITICSANDTHEWORLDSSTRATEGICSITUATION1RILESTRENGTHOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMHASBEENSERIOUSLYWEAKENEDDESPITEOFTHIS,BRITAINSTILLHADCONSIDERABLEFORCEANDINFLUENCECHURCHILLPROPOSEDTHE‘“THREERINGDIPLOMACY’CONCEPTINACCORDANCE、】I,ITLLTHEPOSTWARSITUATIONANDTHEREALITYOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMWISHTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHEREMAININGIMPACTANDCONTACTOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMININTERNATIONALRELATIONSINORDERTOMAINTAINTHESTATUSOFWORLDPOWERTHE”THREERINGDIPLOMACY”WASNOTONLYTHEGUIDINGIDEOLOGYOFBRITISHPOSTWARFOREIGNPOLICYBUTALSOTHEBASICCONTENTOFPOSTWARBRITISHFOREIGNPOLICYINMORETHANTWODECADESATALONGPERIODOFTIME,THEBRITAINAMERICANSPECIALRELATIONSHIPACTEDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTROLEINBRITAIN’SFOREIGNPOLICYSUCHARELATIONSHIPBASEDONEXTENSIVECONTACTSOFTHEBRITISH誦MTHEUNITEDKINGDOMANDWESTERNEUROPE,ANDTHEBRITAINAMERICANSPECIALRELATIONSHIPSETUPINTHEPROCESSOFBRITAINANDTHEUNITEDSTATESJOINTLYPLANNEDANDLAUNCHEDTHECOLDⅥ協(xié)WHICHAGAINSTTHESOVIETUNIONANDCOMMUNISMBRITAINHADCARRYOUTCLOSECOOPERATION謝MTHEUNITEDSTATESINECONOMIC,SECURITYDEFENSEANDINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONSANDBRITAINISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTNEROFTHEUNITEDSTATESINTHISPERIOD,ATTHESAMETIME,BRITAINMAINTAINEDASAWORLDPOWERSTATUSBYVIRTUEOFTHE”SPECIALRELATIONSHIPWITHTHEUILITEDSTATESAFTERTHEMID50S,THEFOUNDATIONOFANGLOAMERICAN”SPECIALRELATIONSHIP”GRADUALLYWEAKENED、析TLLTHESITUATIONCHANGEDANDTHEDECLINEDINTHESTRENGTHOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMFIRST,UNABLETOAFFORDTHELMGEINTEMATIONALOBLIGATIONSFORTHEDECLINEINTHESTRENGTH,BRITAINHAVETOIMPLEMENTTHESTRATEGICCONTRACTION;SECOND,THETENDENCYTOINDEPENDENCESTRENGTHENEDINCOLONIALANDDOMINION,THECOLONIALSYSTEMCOLLAPSED,ANDTHECOHESIONOFTHECOMMONWEALTHWEAKERANDWEAKERALMOSTTOCOLLAPSETHIRD,NLEUNITEDKINGDOMTOOKDIFFERENTPOSITIONSONQUESTIONSOFINTEGRATIONINWESTERNEUROPE、析THFRANCEANDOTHERCONTINENTALCOUNTRIES,THUSREMAINOUTSIDETHEEUROPEANECONOMICCOMMUNITYBECAUSEOFTHISBRITAINLOSTTHELEADERSHIPANDINFLUENCEINWESTERNEUROPE,ANDISOLATEDINWESTERNEUROPEGRADUALLY;LAST,F(xiàn)ROMTHEMIDANDLATE60STOEARLY70S,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESOVIETUNIONANDTHEUNITEDSTATESCHANGEDTOWARDRELAXATIONMAJORPROBLEMSCALLBENEGOTIATEDDIRECTLYTOASETTLEMENT,SOTHEBASISOFANGLOAMERICANCOOPERATIONGRADUALLYWEAKENEDTHEROLEOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMINTHEUNITEDSTATESSTRATEGYGREATLYDECLINEDFORTHESEREASONS,ANGLOAMERICANRELATIONSBETWEENHADBEENCOOLINGDOWNGRADUALLYESPECIALLYAFTERTHESUEZCANALCRISIS,THECONFLICTSANDFRICTIONSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIESHAPPENEDFREQUENTLYTHESPECIALRELATIONSHIPHASBEENREPLACEDBYTHENATURALRELATIONSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIES
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簡(jiǎn)介:遼寧師范大學(xué)教育碩士研究生學(xué)位論文論文題目高中中國(guó)古代史教育中的道德教育問(wèn)題研究生孫麗霞申請(qǐng)人單位內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾市杭錦后旗第五中學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師田廣林專業(yè)方向課程與教學(xué)論歷史年級(jí)2004級(jí)遼寧師范大學(xué)研究生學(xué)院2006年12月高中中國(guó)古代史教育中的道德教育問(wèn)題高中中國(guó)古代史教育中的道德教育問(wèn)題第一部分導(dǎo)論一、問(wèn)題的提出道德問(wèn)題是一個(gè)古老而嶄新的話題,作為七會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài),它是一定時(shí)代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的產(chǎn)物。因此,它具有鮮明的時(shí)代性,階級(jí)性,一定社會(huì)又具有民族的、歷史的繼承性。當(dāng)人類邁進(jìn)21世紀(jì),在這個(gè)全球化的時(shí)代,科學(xué)技術(shù)刨造了極大的生產(chǎn)力,使人類的生活得以全面提升。然而,科學(xué)技術(shù)同時(shí)也制造了板人的破壞力。當(dāng)代利用科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)行的掠奪、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、暴力,又使道德面臨世界性的豐十會(huì)瘟疫的挑戰(zhàn)。從一些統(tǒng)計(jì)資料來(lái)看,在許多國(guó)家出現(xiàn)了不同稃度的道德危機(jī)。盡管現(xiàn)當(dāng)代學(xué)校道德教育取導(dǎo)了巨大的進(jìn)展,但是迄今為IT,學(xué)校道德教育依然是一個(gè)廿界極難題各國(guó)都把對(duì)下~代思想品質(zhì)的教育放在了首衍,我國(guó)其至把它上升劍治國(guó)的高度。當(dāng)代世界的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng),最終就是綜合國(guó)力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而綜合國(guó)力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),歸根到底是人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),最終要落實(shí)在人的文化素質(zhì)和道德素質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上。一個(gè)國(guó)家要走在世界前列,關(guān)鍵還是要靠教育。教育是振興國(guó)家、復(fù)興民族的基業(yè)然而一個(gè)國(guó)家要雄居于世界K族之林,單靠科技、軍事是不行的,還需要人文、倫理、道德等各方面的先進(jìn)文化。即物質(zhì)文明與精神文面的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、共同進(jìn)步。著名的李約瑟難題為什么居于世界科技高峰的古代中國(guó)而卻沒有率先走向近代化,卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于同時(shí)代的世界而中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明傳入了歐洲,卻使泊歐TP界發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化其根源就是東西方文化心態(tài)的差異。而人的道德觀念就是文化心態(tài)的一面。因此,時(shí)代呼喚我們,只有進(jìn)行宄進(jìn)文化、充進(jìn)道德的建設(shè),才能創(chuàng)造先迸的生產(chǎn)力。有人認(rèn)為,2L世紀(jì)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已悄然不覺地由市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向了中小學(xué)課堂。那就是誰(shuí)能在基礎(chǔ)教育中取得優(yōu)勢(shì),誰(shuí)便能在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得土導(dǎo)地位。因?yàn)橹行W(xué)階段不僅是一個(gè)人積累知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)能力的基礎(chǔ)階段,也是人的基本品德、素質(zhì)養(yǎng)成的基礎(chǔ)階段。如果在基礎(chǔ)階段沒有受劍良好的教育,就會(huì)對(duì)人的一生造成不良的影響,因此,在基礎(chǔ)教育階段,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行道德教育是十分必要的。高中生上E處在一個(gè)成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,處在青春期,是從少年時(shí)期向青年前期轉(zhuǎn)變的一個(gè)特殊的生命階段。這個(gè)生命階段是生理心理發(fā)展特別急速的時(shí)期,也是智力發(fā)展特別急速的時(shí)期,同時(shí)也是奠定基礎(chǔ)性的品格最重要的時(shí)期。因?yàn)閷W(xué)生有了基礎(chǔ)品格,才能放飛得更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn),發(fā)展得更持久因此。在高中階段,一3
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簡(jiǎn)介:華中師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文生物學(xué)史與高中生物教學(xué)相結(jié)合的探索與實(shí)踐姓名郭敏芳申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)學(xué)科教學(xué)生物指導(dǎo)教師劉德立20061208⑨碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESISABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALECONOMY,THEINTROSPECTIONTOTHEDEMANDOFTALENTSANDTHEEXAM.ORIENTEDEDUCATIONOFSOCIETY,ITHASBECOMEAGREATDEMANDTOALLTHESOCIALTRADESANDPROFESSIONSTHATATALENTSHOULDPOSSESSTHESPECIALIZEDKNOWLEDGE,THEINNOVATIVETHINKINGANDTHEHEALTHYPSYCHOLOGICALQUALITY.THELIFESCIENCES,THELEADOFTHESCIENCEIN21STCENTURY,SHOULDTAKEONTHISRESPONSIBILITY.ASAMEANSOFREFORMINGBIOLOGICALTEACHING,THEAPPLICATIONOFTEACHINGTHEHISTORYOFBIOLOGICALSCIENCEINBIOLOGYCOURSETEACHINGINHI曲SCHOOLISBEINGPAIDMOREANDMOREATTENTIONBYTEACHERSOFBIOLOGY.INTHEPURPOSEOFACCELERATINGTHISPRACTICE,THISPAPEREXPOUNDSTHETHEORYBASISOFTEACHINGTHEHISTORYOFBIOLOGICALSCIENCEINTHEBIOLOGYTEACHINGINHI曲SCH001.MEANWHILETHEAUTHORPOINTSOUTTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSONTHISMATTERBYTHEINVESTIGATIONINTHEHI曲SCHOOLBIOLOGYTEACHERSANDSTUDENTSRELATEDTOBIOLOGYHISTORY.AIMEDATTHESEPROBLEMS,THEAUTHORINVESTIGATEDHOWTOCARRYONTHEBIOLOGICALKNOWLEDGETEACHINGUSINGTHEBIOLOGYHISTORY,RAISETHEINNOVATIONTHOUGHT,ESTABLISHTHEEMOTIONMANNERVALUES,ANDGAVESOMECONCRETECASES.ALTHOUGHTHEREAREMANYPROBLEMSINTEACHINGPRACTICE,INVIEWOFHELPINGSTUDENTLIFE。LONGEDUCATION,THETEACHINGHISTORYOFBIOLOGICALSCIENCEINHI曲SCHOOLMUSTBEENHANCEDANDSTRENGTHENED.。KEYWORDSTHEHISTORYOFBIOLOGY,BIOLOGYTEACHINGINHIGHSCHOOL,TEACHINGINNOVATION
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簡(jiǎn)介:學(xué)校代碼Q2盟分類號(hào)垡塹⑧研究生學(xué)號(hào)12墼2Q塑12密級(jí)五東牡埽葒失莩碩士學(xué)位論文WEBQUEST與HPS整合教學(xué)模式在中學(xué)化學(xué)史教學(xué)中應(yīng)用的個(gè)案研究HPSWEBQUESTANDINTEGRATEDTEACHINGAPPROACHINMIDDLESCHOOLCHEMISTRYTEACHINGTHEHISTORYOFTHEAPPLICATIONOFCASESTUDY作者張勇指導(dǎo)教師學(xué)科專業(yè)研究方向?qū)W位類型鄭長(zhǎng)龍教授教育碩士學(xué)科教學(xué)化學(xué)教育碩士東北師范大學(xué)學(xué)位評(píng)定委員會(huì)2007年5月ABSTRACTCASESTUDYUPONTHEAPPLICATIONOFHPSTEACHINGMODELCOMBININGWITHWEBQUESTTEACHINGMODELFORCHEMISTRYHISTORYINHI曲SCHOOL【ABSTRACTTHISPAPERISACASESTUDYUPONHISTORYOFCHEMISTRYINSTRUCTIONDESIGN.INTHETEACHINGOFSYNTHETICAMMONIA,WEUSEDHPSTEACHINGMODELCOMBININGWITHWEBQUESTTEACHINGMODEL,ANDENFORCETHISINSTRUCTIONDESIGN,ANDRESULTANALYSIS..FIRST,HISTORYOFCHEMISTRYISASYSTEMICFORMULATIONUPONTHEDEVELOPMENTHISTORYOFCHEMIS仃YSCIENCE,WHICHRECORDEDFAITHFULLYTHOSEMAJOREVENTSTHATHADIMPACTEDTHEHISTORYOFCHEMISTRYDEVELOPMENT.ITISTHEHISTORYTHATCHEMISTSPERCEIVEDANDREBUILTTHISWORLD.ITSHOWEDTHECONCEPTUALWORKTHATTHECHEMISTSHADECERDONE,THESCIENTIFICMETHODSTHATTHEYHADUSEDANDSCIENTIFICSPIRITSANDMORALITYTHATTHEYHADPOSSESSEDDURINGTHEYDISCOVERINGTHECHEMISTRYRULES.TOINTRODUCECHEMISTRYHISTORYINTHECLASSTEACHINGOFCHEMISTRYHASBEENFOCUSEDONMOREANDMOREWIDELYANDTHEACKNOWLEDGEMENTTOTHEVALUEOFCHEMISTRYHISTORYBECOMEMOREANDMOREPROFOUNDLYNOW,HPSTEACHINGMODELANDWEBQUESTTEACHINGMODELRRETHEPREVALENTTEACHINGMETHODSBOTHATHOMEANDABROAD.THESEMODELS,BASINGONCONSTRUCTIVISMSTUDYTHEORY,CENTRALIZINGONTHESTUDENTSANDUNDERTHESTEPBYSTEPDIRECTIONOFTEACHERS,IN仃ODUCETHEHISTORYOFCHEMISTRYINCLASSTEACHINGREASONABLY,UTILIZENETWORKRESOURCESTOCOMPLETETHEGIVENSTUDYTASKSANDIMPROVESTUDENTS’COGNIZINGCAPACITYANDPOWEROFRESOLVINGPROBLEMS.THEYARETHETYPICALEXAMPLESOFTEACHINGMODELRESEARCHRESULTSFORNETWORKCOURSES/PROGRAMS.INTHISSTUDY,WEREGARDEDTHESENIORHIGHSCHOOLSTUDENTSFROMNO.1HIGHSCHOOLOFCHANGCHUNWHOENROLLEDIN2005ASOUL“STUDYOBJECTS.INTHETEACHINGOFSYNTHETICAMMONIA,WEUSEDHPSTEACHINGMODELCOMBININGWITHWEBQUESTTEACHINGMODEL,ANDAPPLIEDCOMPREHENSIVELYTHERESULTSANALYSIS,COMPARISONSTUDY,QUESTIONNAIRESURVEYASWELLASEVALUATIONSTUDY,ETC.,F(xiàn)ROMWHICH,WEPROVEDTHATWEBOUESTTEACHINGMETHODMAYIMPROVESTUDENTS’INTERESTINGANDEFFICIENCYOFSTUDYINGCHEMISTRY.WEBQUESTTEACHINGMETHODISANEWBIRTHTHING,THEREFORE,ITMAYCONTAINSOMEUNAVOIDABLEPROBLEMSANDSHORTNESS.THISPAPERMAYPROVIDEANIDEAFORSTUDYINGWEBQUESTTEACHINGMETHODFORTHEFUTURE.AND1HOPETHATALITEACHINGSTAFFMAYMAKEEFFORTSTOGETHERTOGAINBETTERACHIEVEMENTS.KEYWORDSWEBQUESTINTEMET;HISTORYOFCHEMISTRY;HPS;CONSTRUCTIVISMII
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簡(jiǎn)介:沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲高等教育一體化進(jìn)程中的俄羅斯高等教育改革姓名楊興龍申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)高等教育學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師張德祥杜巖巖20070401RUSSIANHIGHEREDUCATIONREFORMINEUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATIONINTEGRATIONADVANCEMENTABSTRACTAFTERENTERING21TH’CENTURY,ALONGWITHTHEPOLITICALTHEECONOMICALTHETRADEASWELIASTHETECHNICAIINFORMATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONADVANCESUNCEASINGLYTHEVARIOUSCOUNTRIESAREIUSTERECTINGTOTHEHIGHCREDUCATIONI11TERNATIONALIZATIONRESEARCHALTHOU曲,THEHIGHCREDUCATIONINTERNATIOHALIZATIONHASNOTFORMEDTHEUNIFICATIONLIMITSEXPLICITLYATPRESENTTHEHIGHCREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONHASBECOMETHEMAJORTENDENCYOFAWORLDHIGHEREDUCATIONDOMAINDEVELOPMENT,WHICHGIVESRISETOWIDECONCENTRATIONSOFSCHOLARSFIROMDIFIERENTNATIONSUNDERTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONBACKGROUND,ANDTHEEUROPEANINTEGRATIONADVANCEMENTIMPETUS,THEEUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATIONTOTHEHIGHERINTERNATIONALIZATIONANDEUROPEMELTEDHASCARRIEDONTHELARGESCALEDISCUSSIONINONCENTURY90’SINITIALPERIODEUROPEVARIOUSCOUNTRIESINTENSECONSCIOUSNESSTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONWILLBECOMETHEIMPORTANTATTRIBUTETOAFFECTTHEEUROPEANHI曲CREDUCATIONPLAN,THEIMPLEMENTATIONANDTHEASSESSMENTINTHEFUTUREFORHOIDMANYTIMESTHECONFEREUCCTOTHISKINDOFINTERNATIONALIZATIONTRENDOFDEVELOPMENTEUROPEVARIOUSCOUNTRIESHASCARRIEDONMANYTIMESREFOFILLINTHEPROMOTIONEDUCATIONEXCHANGEASPECTINJUNE,1999,BOLOGNACITYINITALIAN,NE29MEMBERNATIONMINISTEROFEDUCATIONINEUROPEHASSIGNED”THEBOLOGNADECLARATION”THEDECLARATIONPROPOSEDEXPLICITLYESTABLISHESTHEGOALOFTHEEUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATIONSPACETO2010ITSYMBOLIZESTHEEUROPEANHIGHCREDUCATIONINTEGRATEDADVANCEMENTCOMPREHENSIVESTARTATTHESAMETIME,INORDERTOMEETTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONNEEDTODEVELOP,THEMARKETECONOMYREQUEST,SPECIALLYTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONMAJORTENDENCYTHESOCIALTRANSITIONPERIODRUSSIANHIGHEREDUCATIONHASAFFECTEDTHERUSSIANHIGHEREDUCATIONSTRATEGICCHOICE,ANDURGEDRUSSIATOCARRYONONMIDIRECTIONALLYTHEDEEPLEVELREFORMTOTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONDOILIAJLI’INVOLVEDTOMANYDOMAINS,THEHIGHEREDUCATIONIDEA,THEHIGHEREDUCATIONSYSTEMTHEPERSONNELTRAININGPATTERNTHEINTERNATIONALEXCHANGEWAYANDSOONTHESCREFOITNSINVOLVESTHEDOMAINTOBEBROAD,ALSOTOUCHEDTHESUBSTANTIVETHING,SOMELIKESYSTEMS,THERAISEPATTERNANDSOOLLBUTACTUALLYTHRONGHOUTLACKEDANEXPLICITDIRECTIONOFADVANCEINTHEHIGHEREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONDEVELOPMENT,BUTALONGWITHEUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATIONINTEGRATIONCARRYINGOUT,WHICHHASPROVIDEDTHENEWOPPORTUNITYFORTHERUSSIANHIGHEREDUCATIONINTERNATIONALIZATIONREFORMFINALLYHASSIGNED”THEBRONIAMANIFESTO”IN2003DETERMINEDIOINEDINTHEEUROPEANHIGHEREDUCATIONINTEGRATIONADVANCEMENTWHILETHEMANIFESTOSIGNATUREWILLESTABLISHTHERUSSIANHIGHEREDUCATIONDEVELOPMENTALSTRATEGYINTHEFUTURE,ALSOSYMBOLIZEDTHEBEGINOFTHERUSSIAHIGHEREDUCATIONDOMAIN,WHICHWILIBEDIFIERENTFORMERLYWITH,NEWTURNINTERNATIONALIZATIONREFOLNI
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簡(jiǎn)介:中圖分類號(hào)密級(jí)UDC本校編號(hào)10652碩士學(xué)位論文論文題目私法歐洲化背景下不當(dāng)?shù)美贫裙δ苎芯垦芯可彰肥肥肥方鸾鸾鸾鹜鷮W(xué)號(hào)20090301050373200903010503732009030105037320090301050373校內(nèi)指導(dǎo)教師姓名王王王王洪洪洪洪職稱教授校外指導(dǎo)教師姓名職務(wù)職稱申請(qǐng)學(xué)位等級(jí)碩碩碩碩士士士士學(xué)科法學(xué)專業(yè)民商法學(xué)論文提交日期2012201220122012年年年年3333月月月月18181818日日日日論文答辯日期碩士學(xué)位論文私法歐洲化背景下不當(dāng)?shù)美贫裙δ苎芯克椒W洲化背景下不當(dāng)?shù)美贫裙δ苎芯縍ESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHRESEARCHONONONONTHETHETHETHEFUNCTIONFUNCTIONFUNCTIONFUNCTIONOFOFOFOFUNJUSTUNJUSTUNJUSTUNJUSTENRICHMENTENRICHMENTENRICHMENTENRICHMENTININININTHETHETHETHEBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDOFOFOFOFTHETHETHETHEEUROPEANIZATIONEUROPEANIZATIONEUROPEANIZATIONEUROPEANIZATIONOFOFOFOFPRIVATEPRIVATEPRIVATEPRIVATELAWLAWLAWLAW作者姓名史金旺指導(dǎo)教師王洪教授西南政法大學(xué)SOUTHWESTUNIVERSITYOFPOLITICALSCIENCELAW
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簡(jiǎn)介:⑨一MASTERSTHE溺碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲聯(lián)盟治理機(jī)構(gòu)改革以里斯本條約為新視角論文作者肖正昱指導(dǎo)教師郭紅霞教授學(xué)科專業(yè)國(guó)際政治研究方向歐盟研究華中師范大學(xué)政法學(xué)院2011年5月⑧碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESIS華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說(shuō)明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文,是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下,獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明引用的內(nèi)容外,本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的研究成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體,均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。作槲似日期沙,/年廠月多D日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書學(xué)位論文作者完全了解華中師范大學(xué)有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定,即研究生在校攻讀學(xué)位期間論文工作的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)單位屬華中師范大學(xué)。學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國(guó)家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版,允許學(xué)位論文被查閱和借閱;學(xué)??梢怨紝W(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容,可以允許采用影印、縮印或其它復(fù)制手段保存、匯編學(xué)位論文。保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后遵守此規(guī)定保密論文注釋本學(xué)位論文屬于保密,在年解密后適用本授權(quán)書。非保密論文注釋本學(xué)位論文不屬于保密范圍,適用本授權(quán)書。作者簽名日期沙L1年F只扣日導(dǎo)師弛鄱彳矽農(nóng)日期刎年蚋3O日本人已經(jīng)認(rèn)真閱讀“CALIS高校學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)發(fā)布章程”,同意將本人的學(xué)位論文提交“CALIS高校學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)“中全文發(fā)布,并可按“章程’’中的規(guī)定享受相關(guān)權(quán)益。圃重途塞握鑾后澄廈旦圭生;旦生;旦三生筮查作者簽名日期滬≯J;D日導(dǎo)~郭FY衣日期糾刊羽3。日
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簡(jiǎn)介:/凌溺莎霧歐洲一體化進(jìn)程中的歐洲公共廣播系統(tǒng)探析原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明本人所呈交的學(xué)位論文,是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。學(xué)位論文中凡引用他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或未發(fā)表的成果、數(shù)據(jù)、觀點(diǎn)等,均已明確注明出處。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外,不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的科研成果。對(duì)本文的研究成果做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體,均已在文中以明確方式表明。本聲明的法律責(zé)任由本人承擔(dān)。論文作者簽名五蔓墮日期礦篁J鼉夕臻粥痧霧歐洲一體化進(jìn)程中的歐洲公共廣播系統(tǒng)探析內(nèi)容摘要公共廣播是世界上最主要的廣播電視運(yùn)行機(jī)制之一,它最早起源于歐洲,以20世紀(jì)20年代英國(guó)廣播公司BBC的創(chuàng)立為標(biāo)志。歐洲公共廣播在創(chuàng)立之初,就將非政府與非商業(yè)化確立為自己的根本原則,并且肩負(fù)著保護(hù)文化和民主的任務(wù)。在歐洲一體化的進(jìn)程中,作為文化政策的一部分,歐洲公共廣播在維護(hù)文化多樣性、維系民族文化根基方面,起到了十分重要的作用,并且強(qiáng)化了歐洲公民在一體化過(guò)程中的文化身份認(rèn)同,為一體化的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力支持。但是另一方面,在以政治為目的,以經(jīng)濟(jì)為發(fā)端的歐洲一體化進(jìn)程中,歐洲公共廣播卻長(zhǎng)期被排除在主流之外,再加上全球化媒介市場(chǎng)的興起、技術(shù)的變革、商業(yè)廣播的侵入,使歐洲公共廣播步履維艱,甚至一度有悲觀主義論點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,公共廣播終將被商業(yè)廣播所代替。然而爭(zhēng)論過(guò)后,今天我們看到的歐洲公共廣播,雖然仍面臨著種種的威脅與挑戰(zhàn),但它仍舊堅(jiān)持為歐洲一體化中的社會(huì)、文化、民主提供著更為強(qiáng)大的保障。歐洲公共廣播的形成、發(fā)展有它獨(dú)特的歷史和文化背景,具有不可復(fù)制性,但對(duì)于同樣處在全球化浪潮、媒介技術(shù)變革和商業(yè)化威脅下的中國(guó)的廣播電視媒體,仍然具有積極的借鑒意義。
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簡(jiǎn)介:華東師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文歐盟視聽政策與歐洲一體化研究姓名程亦婷申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)國(guó)際關(guān)系指導(dǎo)教師范軍20070601ABSTRACTEUROPEANINTEGRATIONISPROCEEDINGINUNPRECEDENTEDDEPTHANDWIDTH.TRADITIONALLY,REGULATIONSONMEDIAAFFAIRSWEREDECIDEDONTHEMEMBERSTATELEVEL.BUTEVERSINCE1980S,EUEUROPEANUNIONHASBEENMAKINGEFFORTSTOFORMREGULATIONSREGARDINGAUDIOVISUALINDUSTRY.EUHASRECOGNIZEDTHEROLEACOMMONAUDIOVISUALPOLICYPLAYSINENHANCINGEUROPEANCOMPETITIVENESSINAUDIOVISUALSECTORASWELLASINFORMINGEUROPEANIDENTITY.EUROPEANCOMMISSIONISACTIVELYENGAGEDINPOLICYMAKINGINTHISDOMAIN.ALTHOUGHACOMMONAUDIOVISUALPOLICYISSTILLINITSINFANCY,DEBATESANDDISPUTESEXISTINGONCERTAINISSUES,ITHASBECOMEAPOLICYDOMAININDISPENSABLETOTHEPROSPEDTYOFTHEAUDIOVISUALINDUSTRY,ANDABOVEALL,TOTHEFORMATIONOFEUROPEANIDENTITYANDDIVERSIFIEDEUROPEANCULTURE.THEDISSERTATIONWASCOMPOSEDOFFIVEEHAPTERS.CHAPTERONE,INTRODUCTION,POARAYEDTHEDIFFERENTPOLICYDOMAINSTHATPROMOTEEUROPEANIDENTITY,ANALYZEDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENAUDIOVISUALPOLICYANDEUROPEANINTEGRATIONANDPRESENTEDANACADEMICREVIEWOFTHERESEARCHWORKDONEONTHERELEVANTTOPICS.CHAPTERTWO,AUDIOVISUALPOLICYFROMSTATETOEULEVEL,F(xiàn)IRSTREVIEWEDTHETHREEPHASESWBSTEUROPEHADUNDERGONEANDTHENANALYZEDTHEBACKGROUNDINWHICHAUDIOVISUALPOLICYMAKINGSHIFTEDFROMSTATELEVELTOEULEVEL.CHAPTERTHREE,EUAUDIOVISUALPOLICYINDISPUTE,F(xiàn)IRSTSUMMARIZEDTHEMAINREGULATIONSINAUDIOVISUALINDUSTRYANDTHENFOCUSEDONTWODOMAINSWHICHTRIGGEREDMOSTDEBATESPUBLICBROADCASTINGANDMEDIAOWNERSHIP.CHAPTERFOURAUDIOVISUALPOLICYANDEUROPEANINTEGRATION.DISCUSSEDAUDIOVISUALPOLICYINTHEBACKGROUNDOFEUROPEANINTEGRATION,WHICHCONCERNEDECONOMICASWELLASSOCIALANDCULTURALCONSEQUENCES.CHAPTERFIVE,CONCLUSION,POINTEDOUT也ATCURRENTDI塌CULTIESINAUDIOVISUALSECTORWOULDNOTINTHELONGRUNHINDERTHEFORMATIONOFACOMMONEUAUDIOVISUALPOLICY,ASFARASONEREALIZEDITSIRREPLACEABLEROLEINSHAPINGEUROPEANIDENTITY.BESIDES.EU’SEXPERIENCEHADUSEFULⅥ
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簡(jiǎn)介:華中師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文村治研究的路徑與轉(zhuǎn)向一段學(xué)術(shù)史的回顧與檢視姓名申恒勝申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)政治學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)教師劉義強(qiáng)戴桂斌20080501⑨碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESLSABSTRACTNE砌AGERS’SEL090VEM觚CEISMEINDUCINGSYST鋤VICISSI砌E刪CHISUNDERTLLENATIONALLEADERSILIP11LISHADDECIDEDDIRECTLYMEWAY鋤DTHEDEVELOPMENTPATHOFTHEVILL唧’90VEM觚CERESEARCHUILDEFT11ES臼ONGDISCOURSEOFNLESTATE,TLLE伊AVI哆OFPOLITICSRESE卸CHCENTERHADTOMOVET0啪RDTLLECOUNT巧FROM也EPAJACE,MAILIFESTINGINCCRTAINE】【TENTT0LEAVE,缸S細(xì)胞,鋤DIILAUG哪TEDTHERESEARCHOFCOUNT巧POLITICSWMCHNOTBELONGEDT0STATEPOLITICSRESEARCHUNDERTLLEINNUENCEOFMESTATE,TLLISKINDOFRESEARCHCLLANGEDT0證LERESE卸CHOFVILLAGERS’SELF二90VEM肌CC,AILDBEC鋤ETHEM蛐鋤OFCOULLNYPOL“ICSRESEARCHTHECONNICTAILDTHETENS時(shí)OFAPPEALINGOF廿LESTA【ET0THEDEⅡ10CRACYASⅥ忙UAS也EC0硼由哆TO90VEM鋤CE,ENABLEDT11ERESEARCHERT0DE、,IATC丘啪也EQUESTIONITSEL£強(qiáng)DTOOK加拿“咖覷幻砒如牌D甜玨EY嬲豇譬加講ASMETENET11LISCAUSEDMEPOLITICSANDTLLEACADEMEINTEMJCTLLIGLLLYTHERESEARCHERSTIUHELDTHEGREALCOILCEMIILTTLECENTEROFGRAVI哆SUBMERSION,BUTTHJSTILNETILERESEARCHMAILLLYM鋤IFESTEDFOR讓IEPOLICYRESEARCH1KENONNOLLSDI伍CUHPOSITIONⅥ棚CHTLLERESEARCHENCO岫TERCDIN‘‰EFOLKS0CIE妒’URGEDTHERESE鯽CHERT0TAKECOMMLLILI鑼T0CAR巧ONTHEPROFOUNDRESONSIDE枷ONITSRESULTWASTLLATT11EACAD砌CASAWHOLET0螄N,蛆DST砒TEDTLLE劬ESLIBMERSIONOF孕AVI鑼OFT11EACAD謝CCENTERTHEPLH娜EOFSCIENTIFIC也EODRCAUSEDTHERESEARCHERT0MAI】岫CENALINDISTL匝CC、7I,IM也EPOLICYRESEARCKANDTLLELI面TOFVILLAGE啊SIONCAUSED廿LEMT0EXPEDITE也EVIⅡAGERS’90VEMANCERESE砌THEYPLACEDTLLEVISIONT0T11ENLRALC0MMUNI饑C痂EDONT11E丘NEOBSERVA缸ONAND廿LICKDCSCRI皿ONATT11ES鋤ETIME,AL∞O岫EDTTLELI銜I瑪U(kuò)P刪豇吼科L|11CE笛IILGLYIN廿LEREALITRCONTRADI蕊ON弛D也EDI伍CULTPOSITIO瑪跚CH觴MALS0面ERESEARCHELLSADVOCATEDTOS缸LDYT11ESTALTEBYTA】KIILG歷PS細(xì)綸弱TLLEE【TERIORAILGLEOF、,IEW;NANLELYSTARTEDT0陀M栩FD歷PJ紀(jì)紀(jì)THEMUCUALREC0礎(chǔ)ONBC怕積MT11ERCSCARCHERSDIDD砒EX血GUISHTLLETE商釩WLLOSER00TLIEDIN吐LEFHCTTLLATTLLEYHADTLLEDI岱撇TM劬GS觴T0HOWTLLEYSTLLDY血EC0UNT巧SIDEREALLYBCCAU孵OF也E11ISTORICALLUCBCH觚CEOF也ERES鎰哦MOFVILLAG懿’GOVERN乏MCE勰A∥6,耙翻口紀(jì)MFCMD1,PMP堿ITBEC鋤ETHEMAINST陀AMOF也ESLIBJECTUNCE鵲I玎弭YHO、ⅣEVERITHADAT峨LCTEDMEM出DISCIPLI曲DRC0姐。C60NBECAU∞OF“S猶A捌CIILSU伍CIEILCY,ANDHADBON0WEDMEWEST∞CIALSCI冊(cè)CCSCONCE此MENLE0%MEMETHOD
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簡(jiǎn)介:分類號(hào)UDC密級(jí)公五.單位代碼10094訶尊£解為尢李碩士學(xué)位論文歐洲化及其對(duì)歐盟成員國(guó)的影響齊曉翠指導(dǎo)教師姓名王軍教授專業(yè)名稱國(guó)際政治研究方向歐美政治經(jīng)濟(jì)與外交申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士二OO七年六月國(guó)家相應(yīng)地發(fā)生著或多或少的變化,這是否會(huì)造成民族國(guó)家向同一種歐洲模式靠攏,從而發(fā)生趨同的變化從理論上講,歐洲化應(yīng)該導(dǎo)致趨同的結(jié)果,但實(shí)際中卻是趨異了。歐洲化并不是成員國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)制度、政策和程序簡(jiǎn)單靠攏的過(guò)程,一體化背景下的趨具反而成為值得探討的課題。超國(guó)家層面的歐盟不可能取代國(guó)家,歐盟和成員國(guó)之間的關(guān)系會(huì)長(zhǎng)期處在尋求利益平衡的狀態(tài)之下。U關(guān)鍵詞歐洲化歐盟成員國(guó)影響
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簡(jiǎn)介:廣西師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文個(gè)人生活史視野下新教師專業(yè)自我意識(shí)研究姓名宋大偉申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)教育學(xué)原理指導(dǎo)教師王枬20060401IIRESEARCHONTHENEWTEACHER’SPROFESSIONSELFCONSCIOUSNESSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPERSONALLIFEHISTYRESEARCHONTHENEWTEACHER’SPROFESSIONSELFCONSCIOUSNESSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPERSONALLIFEHISTYMAJTHEBASICTHEYOFEDUCATIONSPECIALTYEDUCATIONPHILOSOPHYGRADE2003NAMESONGDAWEITUTPROFWANGNANABSTRACTABSTRACTTHEPROLOGUEOFTHERESEARCHISFROMTHENARRATIONOFHANXUETHEAIMOFTHERESEARCHISTOANALYZETHEINFLUENCEFACTSOFPROFESSIONSELFDEVELOPMENTTASTETHEHAPPINESSASATEACHERHANXUE’SEXPERIENCESFROMANEWTEACHERTOASKILLEDTEACHERBYEXPLINGHANXUE’SLIFECOURSERECDINGHERGROWTHPROFESSIONDEVELOPMENTPROCESSASTOHANXUE’SLIFECOURSETHETHESISUSESQUALITATIVERESEARCHMETHODTOEXPLEHANXUE’SLIFEBYTHEWAYOFTELLLIFEHISTYTROPISMTHEAUTHCOLLECTSTHEDATABYINTERVIEWINGDEEPLYMOSTLYTHEASSISTANTWAYOFLOOKINGBACKTHELITERATURETOCOMPREHENDTHEIMPTANCEOFPROFESSIONSELFCONSCIOUSNESSINTHEPROCESSOFPROFESSIONDEVELOPMENTBYTHELIFECOURSEWHATHANXUESAIDOBSERVATIONWHATTHEAUTHMADETRACKSFTHETHESISPUTSTHEIMPTANTPEOPLECRUCIALAFFAIRSTOGETHERACCDINGTOTHETIMEASTHECENTRALPARTOFTHENARRATIONBRINGSTHEREADERTOHANXUE’SLIFEASTHEFISTPERSONSHARESHERCOLFULLIFEFIRSTLYTHETHESISINTRODUCESDETAILEDLYTHEHANXUE’SLIFEEXPERIENCESHOWSHEHADGROWNUPFROMALITTLEGIRLTOAKILLEDTEACHERDURINGTHETIMESHEWASBNTOSEP9TH2005WHENSHEWENTTOSTUDYFDOCT’SDEGREEINOTHERSCHOOLTHEMAINCONTENTISHANXUE’SDEIONTHEDEIONOFHERFAMILYTEACHERSLEADERSFRIENDSHERSTUDENTSASTHEASSISTANTMATERIALFMHUAXUEWASBNTOSHEWASREGARDEDASBETHERESEARCHOBJECTTHENEXTCONTENTISABOUTAUTH’SOBSERVATIONTRACINGINTERVIEWTOHUAXUETHISCONTENTMAINLYINCLUDINGTHERECDOFHANXUE’SGROWTHEXPERIENCESSOMESEGMENTSOFCLASSROOMTEACHINGSOMEREPTSSHEMADEFDIFFERENTSTUDENTSSOMEIONOFHERBLOGWHATCANREFLECTHERLIFEAFTERSHEWASEDASTHERESEARCHOBJECTINTHEPARTTHEREALSOHASTHEAUTH’SOWNCOMMENTSECONDLY,AFTERANALYZINGTHEHANXUE’SGROWTHCOURSEWEGETTHATHERPROFESSIONDEVELOPMENTHASGREATCRELATIONWITHHERLIFEEXPERIENCESSELFREALIZATIONISTHEPRIMARYCAUSEOFHERPROFESSIONDEVELOPMENTWHILETIDYINGUP
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簡(jiǎn)介:碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESISAPERSPECTIVEFORTHEHISTORYOFGIONAL。SOCIET3THESTUD】OFHUBC“REGIONALSOCIETYTHESTUDYUBEIFERRIESINQINGDYNASY彳碭ESISSUBMITTEDINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTF0RTHEM.A。DEGREEINHISTORYBYXIANJIANYINGPOSTGRADUATEPROGRAMCOLLEGEOFHISTORY&CULTUREHUAZHONGNORMALUNIVERSITYSUPERVISORWUQIACADEMICTITIEPROFESSORSIGNATUREAPPROVEDMAY,2007碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESIS中文摘要清代的湖北得到較快開發(fā),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使得民眾出行日益頻繁,而眾多的江河湖泊構(gòu)成這一地區(qū)獨(dú)特的交通格局,津渡、紅船的設(shè)置與運(yùn)營(yíng)日益成為這一地區(qū)的重要的社會(huì)內(nèi)容。這些都與當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)狀況不可分,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、慈善思想的流行都一定程度上促進(jìn)了二者的設(shè)置,而時(shí)間與空間的替換也使之呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的地方特色。作為水上交通重要構(gòu)成部分的津渡、紅船,不僅是簡(jiǎn)單人物及器物的存在,更與整套的運(yùn)行管理機(jī)構(gòu)與機(jī)制相關(guān)。根據(jù)主辦者的身份,一般可分為官辦與民辦兩種,二者相互彌補(bǔ)不足,在運(yùn)營(yíng)管理中也發(fā)展出各自不同的命運(yùn)。津渡、紅船作為重要的地方公共事務(wù),政府與地方精英均參與其中,彼此力量消長(zhǎng),在不同的時(shí)期發(fā)揮了各自的重要作用。因此,對(duì)于湖北津渡、紅船運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的研究,無(wú)疑有益于深層審視清代湖北地域社會(huì)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。關(guān)鍵詞清代;湖北;地域社會(huì);津渡;紅船
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簡(jiǎn)介:北京體育大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文歐洲體育文化研究政府、市場(chǎng)和市民社會(huì)之間的體育姓名花勇民申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)體育人文社會(huì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師秦椿林20060525成為歐洲體育文化物質(zhì)技術(shù)表層結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成要素。2、英國(guó)現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技區(qū)別于以前所有競(jìng)技形式的七個(gè)特征為世俗化、平等、角色專門化、合理化、官僚化、量化、追求紀(jì)錄。3、從20世紀(jì)開始,由于現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技出現(xiàn)了新的動(dòng)機(jī)、價(jià)值觀念、組織形式和身體活動(dòng)形式,最初只表示競(jìng)技含義的SPT一詞在歐洲成為類似于中國(guó)語(yǔ)境中的體育概念,體育金字塔模型、體育雙支柱模型和多種分類體育模型可以解釋各個(gè)時(shí)期歐洲體育概念體系的演變。4、瑞典體操、德國(guó)體操和英國(guó)現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技在19世紀(jì)后半葉成為歐洲基本的學(xué)校體育概念;1960年代后期和1970年代初期,歐洲至少又出現(xiàn)三種新的學(xué)校體育概念,即德國(guó)的競(jìng)技教育、荷蘭和英國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)教育、北歐國(guó)家獨(dú)創(chuàng)的健康教育概念;1990年代,在歐洲國(guó)家中不再是這四個(gè)種概念的某一種占主導(dǎo)地位,出現(xiàn)了四種學(xué)校體育概念之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。5、從國(guó)家主體的視角看,歐洲體育文化中先后出現(xiàn)了保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)和為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光、全民健身、體育促進(jìn)發(fā)展這三種重要的價(jià)值觀念,這三種價(jià)值觀念反映了歐洲體育發(fā)展觀的演變過(guò)程,從體育是發(fā)展的手段,到體育是發(fā)展的目的,直至體育是促進(jìn)發(fā)展的手段,也是發(fā)展的目的之一,實(shí)現(xiàn)了體育手段與目的的統(tǒng)一。6、體育俱樂部作為受到私法規(guī)范和保護(hù)的非營(yíng)利的組織,是歐洲體育領(lǐng)域內(nèi)部最重要的制度安排,體育自治和保衛(wèi)體育自治、抵抗政府干預(yù)的意愿是體育俱樂部最高組織的核心政治原則。7、體育可以認(rèn)為是歐洲福利國(guó)家的福利要素之一,政府通過(guò)地方分權(quán)和分級(jí)財(cái)政對(duì)體育俱樂部提供多種形式的支持,包括直接財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼或財(cái)政撥款、稅收特惠等間接財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、免費(fèi)或低價(jià)格使用公共體育場(chǎng)地設(shè)施以及對(duì)體育場(chǎng)地設(shè)施的投資等非物質(zhì)支持等。8、體育福利由國(guó)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)、市民社會(huì)三個(gè)社會(huì)秩序構(gòu)成,來(lái)自于政府、市場(chǎng)、體育俱樂部、非正式部門四個(gè)領(lǐng)域,形成體育福利三角形。在這個(gè)模型中,體育俱樂部位于政府、市場(chǎng)和非正式部門中間,因?yàn)楹驼鄬?duì)比,它們有公法和私法區(qū)分;和市場(chǎng)的商業(yè)提供者相比,它們有營(yíng)利和非營(yíng)利的目的為界;和非正式部分相比,它們由組織形式正式與否的不同。
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