簡介：集美大學碩士學位論文南方人工養(yǎng)殖史氏鱘大量死亡的病理學研究姓名王月娜申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖指導教師宋振榮20110614IITHEPATHOLOGYRESEARCHOFMASSMTALITYOFFARMEDACIPENSERSCHRENCKIIINSOUTHABSTRACTTHEPATHOLOGYRESEARCHOFMASSMTALITYOFFARMEDACIPENSERSCHRENCKIIINSOUTHABSTRACTSTURGEONWASINTRODUCEDTOCHINAMETHANABOUT10YEARSAGOINWHICHTHEDISEASEWASSIMPLEBECAUSETHEINTESTINESTRUCTURESTURGEONISSIMPLESOTHECOMMONDISEASEWASMAINLYENTERITISINALOWERINCIDENCECOMPAREDWITHTHEEARLYAQUACULTUREWITHALMOSTNOMBIDITYAFTERALONGTIMEOFCULTUREDUETOTHEDETERIATIONOFCULTUREENVIRONMENTBACTERIALDISEASESPROTOZOANDISEASESVIRALDISEASESHAVEBEENFOUNDINEACHPROCESSOFSTURGEONAQUACULTURESUCHASEYEDEGGSHATCHINGFRYREARINGCOMMERCIALFISHFARMINGNOWITISMELIKELYTOBURSTSOMECOMPREHENSIVEDISEASESTHATAREFATALINFECTIOUSDIFFICULTTOTREATMENTSOITSURGENTTOCOMBATDISEASESOFACIPENSERSCHRENCKIITHEDISEASEDFISHOFTHISPAPERISFROMONEARTIFICIALBREEDINGFARMINXIAMENINWHICHTHEREWEREALARGENUMBEROFDEATHOFACIPENSERSCHRENCKIIFROMTHESAMPLEDFISHTHEMAINSYMPTOMSCOULDBEFOUNDASABDOMINALWALLBLEEDINGITESENLARGEDSPLEENTHELIVERWASTENDEDTOFLOWERLIVERGRAYLIVERTHEKIDNEYSWERESEVERESWELLINGTHEREWERELOTSOFWHITESPOTSTHEPATHOLOGICALCHANGESWEREFOUNDSUCHASALARGENUMBEROFEOSINOPHILICBLOODCELLSINTHESPLEENTHEREWERELIVERCELLSWITHLOOSEDENSECYTOPLASMOFHEPATOCYTESALSONECROSISOFLIVERCELLSTHENTHENUCLEOLUSOFURINARYTUBULEEPITHELIALATROPHYDEFMEDNECROSISCAMEOFFTHEREWEREALSOALARGENUMBEROFEOSINOPHILICLEUCOCYTEINRENALINTERSTITIUMVOLUMEEXPANSIONONGLOMERULARWITHSTERILECONDITIONSTHELIVERKIDNEYSPLEENOTHERLESIONSWERETOOKFROMDISEASEDFISHSTREAKINOCULATIONWEREMADEINTHEDINARYNUTRIENTMEDIUMPLATESWITHTHEINOCULATIONNEEDLESTHENTHEYWERECULTIVATEDF2024HOURSAT37℃CONSTANTTHENTHECOLONYOFDOMINANTBACTERIAWASISOLATEDAGAINWHICHWERECULTUREDTILLPUREBREDTHENTHEPUREBREDWASSTEDINTHESLANTMEDIUMWASHINGTHEISOLATEDBACTERIALSTRAINWHICHHAVEBEENCULTUREDF20HOURSWITHSTERILESALINEMADEITINTOBACTERIALSUSPENSIONWITHCONCENTRATIONOF30108THENINJECTED03MLOFBACTERIALSUSPENSIONTOTHEBASEMUSCLEOFDSALFINOFHEALTHYACIPENSERSCHRENCKIIWHILECONTROLGROUPWEREINJECTED02MLOFSTERILESALINETHENOBSERVEDTHEDISEASESYMPTOMSDEATHTHEDISEASEDFISHWITHTYPICALSYMPTOMSAFTERARTIFICIALINFECTIONWEREPICKEDUPTOREINFECTIONUSINGTHEBACTERIALSUSPENSIONTHATHAVEBEEN

簡介：華東政法學院碩士學位論文區(qū)域性人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)及其運行機制研究從現(xiàn)在的歐洲到未來的亞洲姓名楊柳申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法律指導教師丁成耀20040101II到了雙重的保護即歐洲理事會建立的人權(quán)保護機制的保護和歐盟體系內(nèi)人權(quán)法律監(jiān)督機制的保護它們都對促進和保護歐洲人權(quán)做出了貢獻本章從歐洲理事會建立的世界上第一個區(qū)域性的人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)的產(chǎn)生及發(fā)展談起之后對以上兩個歐洲人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)的組成及其職能以及它們與締約國關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)等內(nèi)容作了闡述本章的最后作者對現(xiàn)行歐洲人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)及其機制進行了評價總結(jié)了歐洲人權(quán)機構(gòu)的優(yōu)點及有待改善的方面肯定了歐洲機制對完善和發(fā)展人權(quán)國際區(qū)域保護機制所具有的重要意義第三章建立亞洲人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)的設想本章作者首先分析了在亞洲建立區(qū)域性人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)的必要性及可能性然后指出了在亞洲建立人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)可能面對的現(xiàn)實困難并針對這些困難提出了相應的對策最后作者在借鑒歐洲人權(quán)機構(gòu)成功經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合亞洲特定的情況對亞洲可能建立的人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)及其運行機制的模式提出了具體的建議本文的主要意義在于作者肯定了區(qū)域人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)及其運行機制對促進保護和發(fā)展人權(quán)所具有的重要價值并為尋求亞洲人權(quán)保護的出路進行了積極的探索關(guān)鍵詞人權(quán)國際保護區(qū)域性人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)及其運行機制次區(qū)域人權(quán)保護機構(gòu)

簡介：後里大擎碩士學位論文論戰(zhàn)后日本的亞洲區(qū)域合作政策、院系專業(yè)姓名指導教師完成日期X953935學校代碼Z10246學號032017071國際關(guān)系與公共事務學院國際政治玉利廣幸包霞琴教授2006年5月10目ABSTRACTTHISPAPERANALYSESJAPANESEASIANREGIONALCOOPERATIONPOLICY’SFEATURESAFTERTHEWORLDWAR1I．FROMTHEVIEWPOINTSOFHISTORY，ITISSEPARATEDFROMTHREEPERIODS．THEFIRSTIS1950’S一1960’S．THESECONDIS1970’S一1980’S．THELASTISPOSTWORLDWARERA．ATTHESAMETIME，AUTHOREXPLORETHESTRATEGICAIMSOFJAPAN’S“EASTASIACOMMUNITY’’ANDITSPROSPECTS．KEYWORDRECURRENCETOASIA，ASIAPACIFIC，EASTASIAINDEXNUMBERD830Ⅱ

簡介：D8U8密級學校代碼毒量大季碩士學位論文中國對外政策中亞洲意識的發(fā)展及影響指導教師學科專業(yè)名稱論文提交日期玲文答辯目期答辯委員會主席’II建勛工圣誦教授網(wǎng)際關(guān)系2006年5月LOI博艾振教授ABSTRACTITISMOREOBVIOUSANDDESERVESOURCONCERNTHATASIANAWARENESSHASCOMEINTOBEINGANDDEVELOPEDRAPIDLYINCHINESEDIPLOMACYTHEAUTHOZ、ANALYZESTHEMEANINGOFASIANAWARENESSGUIDEDBYTHETHEORYOFSOCIALCONSTRUTIONISMANDCOMPARESITWITHTHEEUROPEANIDEAFORCHINA，ASIANAWARENESSMEANSTHEREORIENTATIONANDPURSUITFORTHENATIONALIDENTITYWHICHHASEXPERIENCEDAFEWCHANGESSINCETHEFOUNDATIONOFPRCACCORDINGTOTHEDOMESTICHISTORICALENVIRONMENTANDABROAD，WHICHLEADSTOTHEASIANAWARENESSEVENTUALLYTHROUGHTHEMOREANDMOREINTENSERELATIONSANDTHEMULTILATERALINSTITNTIONSBETWEENCHINAANDOTHERASIANCOUNTRIES，ASWELLASTHECOOPERATIONAGAINSTIMPORTANTSOCIALISSUESTHEEMERGENCEOFASIANAWARENESSINFLUENEESCHINESEDIPLOMACYPROFOUNDLYREFORMINGITSCONCEPTOFNATIONALINTERESTS，CHANGINGEVALUATIONABOUTTHEASIANSITUATIONS，ANDTRANSFORMINGTHEDIPLOMATICVIEW，STRESSANDSTYLETHUSCHINAWILLTAKEMOREINTERNATIONALRESPONSIBILITIESASANASIANPOWERANDPURSUETHEHARMONYOFBENEFITSOFA11PARTICIPANTS，WHICHCOULDPUTITTOTHELEADINGROLEINASIANCOOPERATIONANDMAKEOTHERCOUNTRIESNOTAFRAIDOFCHINESEPOWERITMAYBRINGTHEESSENTIALCHANGESOFTHEASIANPOLITICALMAPINTHEFUTUREKEYWORDSCHINA；DIPLOMACY；ASIANAWARENESS；REGIONALCOOPERATION

簡介：77137S槿旦大擎學校代碼10246學號012014015_≈’碩士學位論文熊蟲幡’“美蝴一．齲街學術(shù)史考察院系所專業(yè)姓名歷史學系中國古代史張攀指導教師韓舁教授完成日期2004年11月25日登藏辮棗J習金定公布，’ABSTRACTTHETHEORYOF‘THEGUANLONGCLIQUE’ISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTEXPLANATIONSYSTEMABOUTTHEPOLITICALSITUATIONINTHESUIANDTANGDYNASTIES．IMPERFECTOFTHEORYSYSTEMONESELFANDTHECRITICISMFORMOBJECTORBASEDONTHESTUAYABOUTHISTORYMATERIALBOTHIMPROVEDTHATTHISTHEORYISASYSTEMABOUTSTANDPOINT．NEPAPERBASEDONTHISPOINT，TRYTOUNDERSTANDTHISIMPORTANTCHARACTEROFCHENYINQUE’S“THEGUANLONGCLIQUE’’ANDTALKABOUTOTHERHISTORIAN’SACHIEVEMENT．ANDTRYTOIMPROVETHEPOINTTHATCHENYINQUE’S“THEGUANLONGCLIQUE’ISSERVEDFORANIMPORTANTTHEORYINCHINESEMEDIEVALHISTORY．WHICHMEANSTHATTHETANGDYNASTYISTHETURNINGPOINTINTHEPERIODFROMTHESOUTHANDNORTHDYNASTYTOTHESONGDYNASTY．KEYWORDCHERTYMQUE；THETHEORYOF‘THEGUANLONGCLIQUE’；THETURNINGPOINTINTHEPERIODFROMTHESOUTHANDNORTHDYNASTYTOTHESONGDYNASTY3

簡介：華東政法學院博士學位論文法社會學在中國一個學說史的反思姓名湯唯申請學位級別博士專業(yè)法史學指導教師何勤華20050415第一部分原汁主義西方法社會學的歷史源流與思想特征。這一部分是論文的基礎(chǔ)或基于，主要包括兩大論題。一是揭示了西方法社會學的形成發(fā)展過程，將西方法社會學分為孕育、初創(chuàng)、發(fā)展、成熟四個時期，其中介紹了法社會學主要代表人物耶林、契克、狄驥、杜爾凱姆、埃利希、韋伯、龐德、霍姆斯等人的觀點和貢獻。二是概述西方法社會學的基本原理，包括法社會學的法概念、法關(guān)系、I杰功能、法價值以及法學研究方法論。第二部分西學東進法社會學在中國的傳播影響與演化歷程。這一部分是法社會學在中國發(fā)展的縱向歷史輪廓。本文將法社會學在中國的傳播劃分為三大時期。一是奠基時期，主要是民國時代，當時的法學家掀起了第一次研究法社會學的熱潮；二是中斷時期，主要是20世紀50．80年代，是西方法社會學被批判、馬克思主義法社會學占據(jù)意識形態(tài)主導地位的時段；三是發(fā)展時期，主要是20世紀80年代以來，法社會學研究在中國東山再起、形成熱勢。第三部分中國問題法社會學的特色論題與特色原理。這一部分是本文的核心、重點、獨特部分?？偨Y(jié)了中國目前所涉及的法社會學主要研究領(lǐng)域，包括法哲學的五大理論命題，即中國的法哲學基本范疇問題；中國的民間法與習慣法問題；中國的法律文化及法治建構(gòu)問題{中國的市民社會與政治國家問題；中國的法律運行與部門法問題。應該說，本文所承擔的主要使命，就是從法社會學的基本原理出發(fā)，論辨這些“中國特色”的法學熱點、焦點論題。第四部分說長論短對中國法社會學原理的基本定位與基本評價。這一部分是本文的結(jié)論部分或評價部分，也是難度最大的章節(jié)。本文以“路是寬的”、“道是窄的”、“渴望創(chuàng)新”為題，從優(yōu)勢、缺陷、趨向三大方面分析了法社會學原理的利弊與前景，并對中國法學流派的成長寄予了期望，提出了創(chuàng)建中國法學流派主客觀條件的指標體系。雖然，這類探索不過是“微人輕言”，但對于中國法學研究與法學流派的養(yǎng)成具有一定的啟示意義和參閱價值。總體而言，在社會實踐和法學興盛的時代潮流推動下。法社會學在中國成長起來，堪稱南京國民政府時期與當代中國法學界的～股強大思潮。這種思潮，以“活法”、“民間法”、“自發(fā)秩序”、“社會規(guī)則”、“社會控制”、“法律操作”、“法律實效”等觀念為核心，影響著現(xiàn)代法哲學、法史學研究，成為觀察中國法學發(fā)展脈絡的一條路徑。本文的主旨，正在于從法社會學流派的洞察之中，架起一座西方法學通向中國法學、傳統(tǒng)法學通向現(xiàn)代法學、理論法學通向社會實踐的橋梁。2

簡介：Y97主毒07分類號UDC密綴編號函盎盞疊KB函，1RIJM潸NOR碑觚期|LLVE翱爨職，碩士研究生學往玲J文奠，一／V，、論文題目16世紀中N日關(guān)系史述論學院壓寶寶趟壁堂睦≤耋≮一籬耋≥。專業(yè)名稱史國宣鐾室。毒≮≥；≥謄二蘭噼壽氰J虻T霉囊荽；；≥善研究生姓每毒疊獒姜霎警警毒辮瞧嘲霉垂Q安T，毫順尊蜒目睜蛺鬻鹺疊凈O“，銣日鱸臻，5月L目I’一一ABSTRACTINRELATIONHISTORYBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANTHEMINGDYNASTYWASANIMPORTANTPERIODDURINGSUCHPERIODTHEPROTEANRELATIONBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANMAKEDEEPDIFFERENCEONTHEHISTORYPROGRESSBETWEENCHINAANDJAPAN，EVENUPONTHATOFEASTASIAANDTOTALWORLD’SSITUATIONBASEDONPRECEDENTINTERRELATEDRESEARCHES，THEHISTORYRELATIONBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANIN16THCENTURYHASBEENCONCENTRATEDFORSOMELUCUBRATIONINTHISPAPERHOPINGTOOPENOUTSOMEBASICCHARACTERISTICSABOUTSUCHSPECIALRELATIONHISTORYPERIODANDTOSUMMARIZEITSEXPERIENCEANDSOMEHISTORYRULESWHICHHADEFFECTEDTHEPROGRESSOFHISTORYRELATIONBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANTHEPAPER’SMAINCONTENTSFOLLOWASINTHEFIRSTPARTTHERELATIONBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANDURINGHONGWUPERIODANDTHEDIPLOMATICPOLICYESTABLISHMENTOFBEFRIENDINGNEIGHBORCOUNTRYOFJAPANBYZHUYUANZHANGHAVEBEENDISCUSSED，ANDTHEBASICPATTERNFORMINGOFFOREIGNPOLICYBELONGEDTOTHEMINGDYNASTYHASALSOBEENANALYZEDINTHESECONDPARTTHEPAYTRIBUTETRADEBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANIN16THCENTURYHASBEENDISCUSSEDFORTHECAUSESONWHYTHEPAYTRIBUTETRADEBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANINMINGDYNASTYHADBEENENDEDUPSUCHASNATIONALPOWERDECAYINGANDCONFUSIONOFPAYTRIBUTETRADEITSELFTHETHIRDPARTHASTREATEDQUESTIONSABOUTOLDJAPANESEBANDITS，ANDANALYZEDREASONSFOROLDJAPANESEBANDITS’FLOODINGANDITSEFFECTSUPONTHEHISTORYRELATIONBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANINMINGDYNASTYINTHEFOURTHPARTTHEPROBLEMSOFFIGHTINGBANDITSANDAIDINGKOREAWARDURINGWANLIPERIODHAVEBEENFOCUSEDON，REACHINGTOITSCAUSESANDEFFECTS，ANDTHEPROBLEMSTHATMINGDYNASTYSHOWEDITSELFDURINGTHEWARTHENONGOVERNMENTALTRADEBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANIN16THCENTURYHASBEENSTUDIED，WHICHINVOLVEDTHEINHERENTDRIVESANDTHEHUGEEFFECTSUPONECONOMYANDCULTUREPROGRESSBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANTHEN

簡介：在職攻讀法律碩士學位論文在職攻讀法律碩士學位論文試論中國古代廉政制度及其史鑒價值試論中國古代廉政制度及其史鑒價值導師曾代偉師曾代偉教授教授作者聶美焱者聶美焱中國重慶中國重慶二○○七年九月二○○七年九月產(chǎn)收入申報法，反貪污賄賂法，廉政法，公民舉報法以及其它法規(guī)；三是堅持“舉賢任能、德才兼?zhèn)洹钡挠萌酥贫龋虏偶鎮(zhèn)涫侨稳宋ㄙt的具體化，體現(xiàn)了任人唯賢的基本要求；四是建立科學的干部考核評價體系，抓緊建立符合科學發(fā)展觀要求的經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展綜合評價體系和干部政績考核標準；五是加大對腐敗案件的查處力度，依法嚴懲腐敗官員，努力遏制腐敗蔓延的勢頭。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞廉政內(nèi)容特點經(jīng)驗啟示

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簡介：分類號UDC密級編號囪迎紐緝。學位論文直蘧指導教師墓壁麥熬堡塑昌盔堂△塞堂瞳申請學位級別亟專業(yè)名稱塹聞堂論文提交日期；QQ生月論文答辯日期2QQ釜旦學位授予單位和日期塑昌盔堂2Q籩璺旦旦答辯委員會主席評閱人2006年5月日自由談副刊史探ABSTRACTTHENEWSPAPERWASTHEPIONEERMEDIAOF1HENEWSRELEASEINCHINAINTENDFOSAVELHENATION，F(xiàn)HECHINESE『NTELLECTUAIDIFFUSELHEADVANCEDKNOWLEDGEANDTHOUGHTVIANEWSPAPERTORESISLTHECULTURAIJNVASIONOFWESTERNGREATPOWERWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTANDPROGRESSOFTHENEWSPAPER，THENEWS，COMMENTSUPPLEMENFANDADHAVEBECOMELHEFOURBASICSOFLHEMODERNNEWSPAPERTHESUPPLEMENTINITIALLYCONSIDEREDAS“BUTTOCKOFNEWSPAPER”PLAYEDANIMPORTANTROLETOMAKETHENEWSPAPERSUHIVEANDDEVELOPITHASTURNEDINTOTHEBATTLEFIELDOFLHENEWCULTURAIMOVEMENTANDDEMONSTRATEDGREATIMPACTINBOTHPROSPERITYOFTHECHINESEREVOLUTIONANDENLIGHTENMENTOFIDEOLOGYOFLHECHINESEREVOLUTIONFROMTHE“TOPTHREESUPPLEMENT”INFHE“4“’MAY”PERIOD10NTHE1930S’、THESUPPLEMENTHASBEENALWAYSANIMPELLENTINTHECHINESEMODERNREVOLUTIONCHAPTER1BRIEFLYINTRODUCTIONOFTHEHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTPHASESSHENBAO，F(xiàn)OUNDEDBYABRITISHMAN，MAJORIN1872INAUG，1911。WANGOUNGENINITIATEFREETA／KING，LHESUPPLEMENTOFSHENBAO，ASMOSTOFTHEOTHERSUPPLEMENTTHATTIMEFREETALKINGPUBLISHEDLITERARYORRECREATIVEARTICLESSOASTOMAKETHENEWSPAPERMOREENTERTAINING，WHICH，INDEEDGAINEDQUITEAFEWNEWREADERS，CHAPTER2ANALYSISOFTHEEARLYCHARACTERISTICOFF陽ETALKINGANDTHEINFIUENCEOFTHATIN1931AGRANDREFORMWASEXECUTEDLNSHENBAO，F(xiàn)REETAFKINGWASINCHARGEOFLILIEWEN，UNDERTHESUPPEDOFENLIGHTENEDWRITERSUCHASLUXUN，MAODUN，F(xiàn)REETALKINGPUBLISHEDMANYSHARPSTYLEDARTICLESTHATPOINTEDATTHEDARKNESSOFLHESOCIETYANDORGANIZEDMANYDISCUSSIONSUPONLITERARYANDSOCIA|ISSUESASWELLWHICHHASAFARREACHINGINFLUENCE』NLHESOCIETYUNLIKEBEFORE，F(xiàn)REETA／KINGPRESENTEDAFAIRLYFREEARENATOTHEENLIGHTENEDWRITERSANDPATRIOTSAFTERTHEREFORMATIONANDFURTHERMORE，ITBROUGHTUPMANYOFYOUTHENTHUSEDOVERLITERATUREWHOEVENTUALLYEFFECTEDLHEREVOLUTIONOFMODERNFITERATUREANDINNOVATIONINTHOUGHTSOIHEAUTHORITIESSUPPRESSEDFREETALKINGCHAPTER3INTRODUCTIONOFTHEIMPORTANTPERSONDURINGTHEPROCEDUREOFREFORMATIONANDANALYSISOFTHEREASONSWHYREFORMATIONSUCCEEDEDTAOXINGZHI，LILIEWEN，LUXUNANDMAODUNCHAPTER4INTRODUCTIONANDANALYSISOFCHARACTERISTICSOFFREETALKINGINTHELATERPERIOD10M，OCT，1938，F(xiàn)REETALKINGRESUMEDPUBLISHINGALONGWITHSHENBAO，HOWEVER，THEYWERECONTROLLEDBYJAPANESEINVADERANDTHEKUOMINTANGGOVERNMENT，MANYRETROACTIVEARTICLESWEREPUBLISHEDATTHATTIMEKEYWORDSSUPPLEMENTOFNEWSPAPERSHENBAOFREETALKING，PHASEOFDEVELOPMENT，CHARACTERISTICS

簡介：湘潭大學碩士學位論文憲法訴訟模式之比較一種憲政史的研究視角姓名倪洪濤申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)訴訟法學指導教師胡肖華20020401ABSTRACTTHE15THNATIONALPARTYCONGRESSHASSETTHEGENERALPLANFORBUILDINGASOCIALISTCOUNTRYRULEDBYLAWBASICALLYSPEAKING，GOVERNANCEOFSTATEBYLAWISFIRSTOFALLTHERULEOFCONSTITUTIONSO，PEOPLE’SSENSEOFRECOGNITIONTOCONSTITUTIONMUSTBESTRENGTHENEDSOASTOREALIZETHETRANSFORMATIONFROM“PAPERCONSTITUTION”TO“LIVINGCONSTITUTION”WHILEPROMOTIONOFCONSTITUTIONAUTHORITYDEPENDSHEAVILYONCONSTRUCTIONANDPERFECTIONOFCONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONALSYSTEMAMONGWHICH，CONSTITUTIONALLITIGATIONISONEOFIMPORTANTASPECTSONDIVERSITYANDINSTITUTIONALIZATIONOFCONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONJUSTASTHEADVANCEDHISTORYOFWESTERNCONSTITUTIONALISMSHOWS，JUDICIALORGANSORSPECIFICCONSTITUTIONBRANCHWEREHISTORICALLYCHOSENTOPERFORMAS‘‘GUARD’OFCONSTITUTION，THUSPLAYINGAKEYROLEINTHECONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONSYSTEMTHEGENERALLAWOFSUCHPRACTICALREASONISOFGREATREFERENCESINADEVELOPINGCOUNTRYWHICHWASONCEOPPRESSEDBYANDFEELBEHINDDEVELOPEDNATIONS，WEMUSTHAVEADEEPSTUDYANDSOBERAWARENESSOFOURNATIVECONTEXTONONEHAND，ANDLOSENOTIMETOLEARNFROMADVANCEDCONSTITUTIONCIVILIZATIONONTHEOTHERHANDONLYBECOMBININGINITIATIVELYTHEGENERALLAWOFCONSTITUTIONALISMWITHOURNMIONALCONDITIONS，CANMISSQIUJU’SPUZZLEANDUNCLESHANGANG’STRAGEDYBEAVOIDEDONTHISBASIS，TAKING“SPECIFICINDIVIDUAL”ASSUBJECT，THISPAPERFIRSTMAKESANECESSARYSTUDYONTHECOMPLICATEDHISTORYOFWESTERNCOUNTIES’CONSTITUTIONBYWAYOFHISTORICALANDCOMPARATIVESTUDYMETHODTHENFOURMODESOFCONSTITUTIONALLITIGATIONARESUMMARIZED，THATIS，THEMODEOFFRANCE，WHICHWECALLABSTRACTCONCENTRATEDMODEANDA帝一ICAN

簡介：華東政法學院碩士學位論文專制權(quán)力與憲政自由憲政視角下的澳大利亞殖民史姓名趙丹申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法律史指導教師周偉文20050420制權(quán)力、爭取自由權(quán)利是澳大利亞殖民地立憲史的主要特征。在方法上，本文排斥理論先行的做法，避免那種宰割史實以迎合論題的弊病，重在分析法律史料判例、文件、事件等，從史料中得出結(jié)論。在歷史事件自然序列的基礎(chǔ)上，運用權(quán)力制衡的憲政思想和法律經(jīng)濟學的相關(guān)思想，探求法律制度變遷的規(guī)律性。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于，緊緊聯(lián)系英國威斯敏斯特體系，以保證題目所言的“憲政視角”并非筆者個人的先入之見。因此，本文的憲政視角是客觀的，不僅僅是一個理論標準。在保證了方法的客觀性之后，本文得出了一些結(jié)論一、私人自由經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對澳洲憲政是一個非常重要的推動力；二、民眾爭取自由權(quán)利的意愿是澳洲憲政自始至終的動力；三、人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)的大變遷是澳洲憲政得以建立的必要條件。因此，在本文看來憲政自由就是兩個方面的權(quán)利一是公民的自由權(quán)利；一是發(fā)展私人自由經(jīng)濟的權(quán)利，而獲得這兩個權(quán)利的途徑是限制專制權(quán)力。這就是本文通過考察澳大利亞立憲史得出的關(guān)于憲政的認識。關(guān)鍵詞威斯敏斯特體系總督制流放制勞動指派制系統(tǒng)化殖民理論“移民熱”“淘金熱”盎格魯一澳大利亞普通法殖民區(qū)憲法責任政府運動澳大利亞聯(lián)邦憲法

簡介：華東師范大學碩士學位論文理想與悲劇柬埔寨共產(chǎn)黨興衰史鑒姓名杜運泉申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育指導教師周尚文20080501ABSTRACTTHECOMMUNISTPARTYOFKAMPUCHEACPK，ALSOBECALLEDKHMERROUGE，WASONEOFTHEMOSTMYSTICALPOLITICALPARTIESINTHEWORLD．ITSPREDECESSORWASTHEKHMERPEOPLE’SREVOLUTIONARYPARTY,WHICHWASESTABLISHEDUNDERTHEDIRECTINFLUENCEOFTHEINDOCHINESECOMMUNISTPARTYIN1951，ANDDEVELOPEDINTHEANTIFRANCEMOVEMENTS．INSEPTEMBER1960，THECOMMUNISTPARTYOFKAMPUCHEAWASFOUNDEDFORMALLY．LATER,THECPKADHEREDTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFINDEPENDENCE，ESCAPEDFROMTHECONTROLOFTHEFOREIGNPARTY,ANDUNDERWENTLONGTERMREVOLUTIONARYSTRUGGLEINJUNGLE．IN1970，THECAMBODIANWAROFNATIONALLIBERATIONBROKEOUT．THECPKPARTICIPATEDINTHENATIONALUNITYGOVERNMENTLEDBYSILLANOUK．INTHEWAR,THECPKAROUSED，ORGANIZEDANDLEDCAMBODIANPEOPLETOFIGHTAGAINSTAMERICANANDLONNOLGROUP，ANDMADEGREATCONTRIBUTIONTOTHECOUNTRY’SINDEPENDENCEANDNATION’SLIBERATION．ONAPRIL17，1975，THECAMBODIANREVOLUTIONACHIEVEDSUCCESSANDTHECPKBECAMETHERULINGPARTY．HOWEVER’THECPKDIDN’TKNOWTHEPRINCIPLESOFHOWTOBEARULINGPARTY,ANDWASN’TAWAREOFTRANSFERRINGAREVOLUTIONARYPARTYTOARULINGPARTY．THEN，THESUBJECTIVEIDEALISMEXPANDEDINTHECPK．AFTERBEINGINPOWER,THECPKLEADERSWERESOFANATICANDOPTIMISTICTHATTHEYDISREGARDEDTHECAMBODIANREALITY,ANDVIOLATEDTHEOBJECTIVELAWSOFTHESOCIALECONOMICDEVELOPMENT．THEYADOPTEDASERIESOFULTRALEFTPOLICIESINTHESOCIETY’SRECONSTRUCTIONANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENT．THECPKFORCEDMORETHAN2MILLIONURBANRESIDENTSTORUSHINTOSUBURBAREASWITHINSEVERALDAYS．THEYCARRIEDOUTTHENATIONALIZATIONANDCOLLECTIVIZATIONCOMPREHENSIVELYTOELIMINATETHEPRIVATEOWNERSHIPTHOROUGHLY．THEYEXECUTEDTHESUPPLYSYSTEMAMONGALLTHEPEOPLEWITHOUTCOMMODITY,CURRENCY,ANDWAGE，WHICHAIMEDTOREALIZEEQUALDISTRIBUTION．THEYRECONSTRUCTEDSOCIALSTRUCTURE，DIVIDEDPEOPLEINTODIFFERENTRANKS，CANCELEDFAMILIES，EXERCISEDRATIONEDMARRIAGES，ANDLETTHEMLIVEMILITARYLIVES．IDEOLOGICALLY,THECPKTRIEDTOKEEPPEOPLEINIGNORANCEANDINTENSIFIEDTHECONTROLOFPEOPLE’STHOUGHTS．THEY．TRIEDTOREALISETHECOMMUNISMATONCEINCAMBODIA，THROUGHTHESUPERGREATK印FORWARD．THECPKALSOEXTENDEDCLASSSTRUGGLES，ANDMASSACREDNUMEROUSPEOPLEINTHENAMEOFREVOLUTION．MOREOVER,THECPKABANDONEDITSFORMERALLIES，ANDDESTROYEDTHEUNITEDFRONTWITHSIHANOUK．THEYSEPARATEDTHEMSELVESFROMTHEINTERNATIONALSOCIETYTOCONSTRUCTTHEIRCOUNTRY．THEY，ALSOADOPTEDTHEULTRALEFTPOLICYWHENDEALINGWITHTHERELATIONWITHVIETNAMESE．～LINALL，PEOPLESUFFEREDALOTFROMTHECPK’SULTRALEFTPOLICIES，SOTHECPKGRADUALLYLOSTCAMBODIANPEOPLE’SSUPPORT，LOSTTHEREGIMEANDCOLLAPSEDFINALLY．6

簡介：浙江師范大學碩士學位論文關(guān)于中學歷史中科技史教學的探討姓名林毅申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)學科教學（歷史）指導教師桂棲鵬20071201史使命感和科學精神教育；同時在方法上多采用情景教學和比較教學，重塑歷史形象、提高歷史事件的信度，使學生在體驗歷史和反思歷史的過程中感受歷史、感受科技發(fā)明和應用中體現(xiàn)出來的科學精神和人文精神。關(guān)鍵詞科技史，科學精神，人文精神，情境教學，比較教學II