物流工程外文翻譯---物流推動世界運轉(zhuǎn)

1、<p>　　本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目：</p><p>　　基于供應鏈管理的達方電子公司的采購管理研究 </p><p>　　外文題目： Logistics Make the World Go Round </p><p>　　譯文題目： 物流推動世界運轉(zhuǎn) </p>

2、<p>　　學 生 姓 名： 高穎 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 物流工程 </p><p>　　指導教師姓名： 徐方超 </p><p>　　評 閱 日 期： <

3、;/p><p>　　Logistics Make the World Go Round</p><p>　　During a panel discussion titled, "Logistics: Bridge to Global Prosperity," at the June 8-9 Wharton Global Forum in Istanbul, moderato

4、r George Day described logistics as "the connective tissue that makes the global economy work." Logistics, he said, can be "a huge source of competitive advantage and help expand and launch new business mo

5、dels." Combined with information technology, he added, logistics can "dramatically extend the geographic reach of both large and small organizations." To explore</p><p>　　"Logistics is mo

6、ving the right product in the right quantities to the right place at the right time," stated Day, a Wharton marketing professor who has studied performance-based logistics in such companies as Cisco Systems and Gene

7、ral Electric. "The really good supply chains have significantly lower costs, lower inventory and better customer service. Consider Cisco. Its after-sales service group is a $4 billion business and delivers 720,000 s

8、pare parts to the company's various manufacturing faci</p><p>　　Eight Trends in Logistics</p><p>　　Panelist Michel Akavi told the audience that when he asked a conference organizer where the

9、 panel was taking place, she replied that people would be "arriving a little late and a bit slowly. I said, 'Great. They need a logistics session to wake them up.'"</p><p>　　Akavi provided

10、that wake-up call with a discussion of what he sees as eight trends that currently affect logistics. The first is the "explosion" of global trade and global production due to the "the toppling of the old p

11、olitical order, especially the fall of communism. In addition, customs barriers have fallen, especially in Europe, and there is greater trade between the continent's eastern and western parts. Akavi also cited NAFTA

12、(North America Free Trade Agreement), MERCOSUR (the South Americ</p><p>　　Look at the Internet, he noted. Being a door-to-door document delivery company, "we were scared of the Internet. But fortunately

13、, documents still need to be signed, sealed and stamped ... .We hope Turkey will not adopt the bad habit of electronic signatures when it joins the EU," he said with a smile, adding that "goods do not travel el

14、ectronically, thank goodness." The more people use the Internet, the more business there is, the heavier the packages are and the greater the need for letters to </p><p>　　The second trend is the transi

15、tion to a post-industrial society, Akavi said. "We have a stagnating population in western countries; the average age is increasing, more money is spent on communication and health, and less is spent on mass produce

16、d products. The trend is to more individual transient niche goods combined with services." That means a greater variety of goods needs to be transported, in more specialized ways, directly to users/consumers. "

17、So the logistics industry must specialize in </p><p>　　The third trend is that we now live in an "on-demand world, Akavi said. "We are a time-is-money society. We are moving to time-based competiti

18、on. Speed is almost more important than a cheap price. You see that in micro electronics, with chips and game consuls. With PCs and phones, the term used is 'agility' -- the ability to get to the market first. De

19、mand is changing the logistics world."</p><p>　　The fourth trend is a growing environmental sensibility. People now ask: "How can we transport less, more efficiently, and how can we do more recycli

20、ng," Akavi said. "In Europe, we see that the trucks on highways are getting more restricted. Austria is banning some truck traffic on weekends. Rails are being used more often to transport goods because less en

21、ergy is used. There is also more concern about noisy planes. We had to change our fleet in Brussels to quieter planes, and we are moving the </p><p>　　The fifth trend is the "rediscovery of structural p

22、rocess organization," based on greater efficiency and better organization, and the sixth trend is the "deregulation and privatization of public services in communication and transport. We are a good example,&qu

23、ot; said Akavi. Deutsche Post, which owns DHL, "used to be a sleepy inefficient postal system for Germany. After it was privatized and modernized, it started to become profitable. Then it wondered what it should do;

24、 it couldn't just sell stamps</p><p>　　The seventh trend is an orientation toward shareholder value. "Logistics is moving to focus on core competencies. We have seen companies divest so they can con

25、centrate on their core business. There is more outsourcing of the transport function," which helps third party providers like DHL expand and also fuels the growth of specialized transport logistics companies. </p

26、><p>　　The eighth and last trend, according to Akavi, is newer communications technologies. "With the Internet, you can find out where your shipment is and contact your call center if the package is stuck.

27、 But now, you can also use mobile phones [to do that]. Tracking and tracing is becoming more available. Our company can trace all shipments automatically and detect those that are stuck before the client realizes the shi

28、pment hasn't arrived." The RFID -- radio frequency identification tags -- technolo</p><p>　　Singapore's Example</p><p>　　Mirzan bin Mahathir, who described his Kuala Lumpur-based co

29、mpany, Konsortium Loistiks Berhad, as split into logistics components and logistics solutions, echoed Akavi's comment that companies are outsourcing their logistics more and more in order to concentrate on core compe

30、tencies. He went on to note that "the bridge to global prosperity has two levels," the country level and the company level.</p><p>　　On the country level, "nations must develop their logistics

31、 infrastructure in order to compete. It's not enough to attract manufacturing if you can't get manufactured good to the market in an efficient way," he said. Infrastructure includes building ports, airports,

32、 roads and bridges to move, not just goods, but people. Airports are especially critical: "In the Middle East everyone is realizing that airports are a vital piece of infrastructure" and many of them are being

33、built, some close togeth</p><p>　　"But the hardware itself is not enough. Physical infrastructure doesn't help if it is not going to be used effectively," Mirzan noted. Three things are needed:

34、 information technology, efficient physical movement and a reliable financial system. "In developing countries, these three things need to go hand in hand. In a few places this has happened, like Singapore. And it i

35、s improving in some of the other countries as well." </p><p>　　In the logistics business, Mirzan added, goods need to be sent as directly as possible to the market, and they need to reach their destinat

36、ion on time. Yet various government obstacles can hinder that process, including excess paper work, burdensome inspections, and corruption. "If the leadership in any country were to look at logistics and see its rol

37、e in bringing prosperity to its people, they would have to address these areas." Some countries get it, Mirzan said; others don't. </p><p>　　From the company standpoint, he added, some are starting

38、to look at themselves as logistics companies even when they are producing actual goods; it is a competitive advantage. Dell, he suggested, "is actually a logistics company that happens to be in the business of compu

39、ters. They are very efficient at doing what they do, but it is mainly logistics."</p><p>　　Software Solutions</p><p>　　Panelist Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of ACT Airlines, reminded the audienc

40、e that Istanbul has historically been a logistical crossroads for commerce and trade, and that Turkey itself is poised to be a logistics center of the future. The trend now, he said, is for many big companies to open bra

41、nches in Turkey or buy companies already there, ready to take advantage of the country's increasing trade, and its sea, truck, railway and aircraft transportation options. Spending on logistics, he said, should</p

42、><p>　　During a question and answer session, Akavi was asked how his company uses software solutions to optimize its logistics, such as truck loads. "Software is not logistics' core business," he

43、said. "While there is still a lot of software development happening in house, we are working more and more with software developers to find solutions... . About 6% to 7% of our revenue is spent on IT and an increasi

44、ng amount of it is outsourced."</p><p>　　Another audience member noted that he had always perceived the logistics field as having ease of entry, as long as a company can move something from point A to p

45、oint B. But with improvements in technology and with more mergers among existing companies -- and with small-sized companies still having an advantage in small communities -- are the mid-sized companies being squeezed ou

46、t, or are there still opportunities for mid-sized companies to grow?</p><p>　　"There is definitely room for small, medium and large companies," Akavi said. "We have become large but we offer i

47、ntegrated solutions. Some customers, however, need only a point A to point B transport. Sometimes a smaller size gives more flexibility and can offer better prices. If you don't need a huge network like we have, then

48、 there is a market for medium-sized companies."</p><p>　　Cizmeci offered his own perspective: "I am a small company. But it doesn't matter what size you are as long as you do the job well and a

49、t the right price. As technology gets more and more complicated, life gets more and more complicated, and the big logistics companies cannot really [handle] this well. They need small, clever, cost-effective partners.&qu

50、ot; </p><p><b>　　物流推動世界運轉(zhuǎn)</b></p><p>　　6月8日至9日，沃頓全球校友論壇在伊斯坦布爾開幕。在題為“物流：架起通往全球繁榮的橋梁”的專題座談會中，主持人喬治·戴（George Day）將物流稱為“推動全球經(jīng)濟運轉(zhuǎn)的連結(jié)組織。”他說物流可以成為“巨大的競爭優(yōu)勢并幫助拓展和建立新的商業(yè)模式?！彼€說，物流與信息技術(shù)一起可

51、以“極大地拓展大中小型企業(yè)跨越的地域范圍?！蔽诸D營銷學教授戴與敦豪國際速遞公司中東地區(qū)CEO米歇爾·阿卡維（Michel Akavi）、馬來西亞的康瑟德物流公司（Konsortium Logistiks Berhad）執(zhí)行董事長兼總裁米爾占·賓·馬哈蒂爾（Mirzan bin Mahathir）、土耳其ACT Airlines董事長雅吾茲·希茲麥奇（Yavuz Cizmeci）在座談會上對物流發(fā)揮

52、出空前強大的作用進行了詮釋。</p><p>　　戴是沃頓商學院的營銷學教授，并對思科系統(tǒng)公司（Cisco Systems）和通用電氣（General Electric）等企業(yè)基于績效的物流系統(tǒng)進行了研究。他指出，“所謂物流就是將正確的產(chǎn)品以正確的數(shù)量在合適的時候運達合適的地點。真正完善的供應鏈無論是成本還是庫存水平都相當?shù)?，同時還提供良好的客戶服務。以思科為例，其售后服務集團的業(yè)務價值40億美元，同時將72萬個

53、備用零件運送至公司的各個生產(chǎn)基地。物流服務的要素包括客戶、現(xiàn)場工程師、執(zhí)行部門、分銷部門和物資修繕中心。物流管理的效率越高，系統(tǒng)中存在的不確定性就越小?！?lt;/p><p>　　物流行業(yè)的八大發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　專家小組成員米歇爾·阿卡維告訴與會觀眾，當他向一名大會組辦人員詢問專題座談會的地點時，這位女士回答說其他人“可能要遲一會兒才到。于是我說，他們?nèi)绻麉⒓游锪髦黝}會議

54、就肯定能醒過來’”。阿卡維提供的叫醒服務就是探討他認為目前影響物流行業(yè)發(fā)展的八大趨勢。</p><p>　　第一個趨勢是“舊政治制度顛覆，”，引發(fā)全球貿(mào)易與全球生產(chǎn)“激增”。此外，海關(guān)障礙的拆除（在歐洲尤為明顯）促進了歐洲大陸東西部地區(qū)的貿(mào)易往來。阿卡維還指出NAFTA（北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定）、MERCOSUR（南美自由貿(mào)易公約）、世界貿(mào)易組織和GATT（關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定）等創(chuàng)造出“一波國際貿(mào)易浪潮。國際貿(mào)易往來越頻繁

55、，對物流的需求就越大”。</p><p>　　以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為例。作為一家提供門對門文件速遞服務的公司，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們感到害怕。但幸運的是，文件仍舊需要簽署、蓋章和郵寄……我們希望土耳其加入歐盟的時候不要沾上使用電子簽名的壞習慣，”他微笑著說，還補充指出“謝天謝地的是貨物不能通過電子方式進行運輸?！笔褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的人越多，速遞業(yè)務就越多，郵寄包裹就越重，信函在全球寄送的需求就越大。</p><p>

56、　　第二大趨勢是向后工業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)化。阿卡維說，“西方國家的人口不見增長；人口的平均壽命在增加，人們花更多的錢用于通信與健康，但在大批量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的支出上卻有所減少。眼下受到青睞的是流行性強的個性化商品及服務。”這就意味著以更加專業(yè)的方法將種類更繁多的商品直接送達用戶或者消費者?！八晕锪餍袠I(yè)必須擅長于服務細分市場，譬如紡織業(yè)，因為紡織企業(yè)需要對時尚潮流做出迅速反應。他們不能在統(tǒng)一的時間和地點生產(chǎn)出上百萬件產(chǎn)品，而是必須跟隨潮流迅速組織生產(chǎn)”

57、，而且常常是在全球不同的地點進行生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　第三大趨勢是今天的社會講究的是“隨需應變”，阿卡維說?！皶r間就是金錢。時間與能否在競爭中獲勝關(guān)系密切。速度甚至比低廉的價格更加重要。譬如在以芯片、游戲機、電腦、電話為代表的微電子行業(yè)，常用的術(shù)語是‘應變能力’，即迅速在市場上推出產(chǎn)品的能力。需求正在改變著整個物流行業(yè)”。</p><p>　　第四大趨勢是對環(huán)境的關(guān)注程度日益增加。人

58、們現(xiàn)在關(guān)心的問題是：“如何才能以更精簡的交通和更高的效率進行物流運輸？如何才能進行更多的廢物回收？”阿卡維說。“歐洲對在公路上行駛的卡車限制越來越嚴格。奧地利在周末禁止部分卡車通行。由于能耗少，現(xiàn)在鐵路運輸更加普遍。出于對飛機噪音的擔心，我們在布魯塞爾不得不改用噪音更低的貨機，同時將布魯塞爾的機場搬遷到人口較少的德國萊比錫。對環(huán)境的關(guān)注正在發(fā)展成為物流行業(yè)的主流?！?lt;/p><p>　　第五大趨勢是“結(jié)構(gòu)流程組織

59、的再發(fā)現(xiàn)”，這個概念主要基于提高效率和改善組織。第六大趨勢是通信與運輸行業(yè)公共服務的“監(jiān)管解除和實現(xiàn)私有化。我們公司就是個很好的例子，”阿卡維說。全資擁有敦豪國際速遞公司的德國郵政集團（Deutsche Post）過去也是死氣沉沉、效率低下的德國國有郵政系統(tǒng)。在實施私有化和現(xiàn)代化改革后，德國郵政就開始盈利。接下來它開始考慮未來應該何去何從；它不能一直都只賣郵票。于是開始從提供單純的郵政服務向一體化的物流與運輸公司發(fā)展。</p>

60、;<p>　　第七大趨勢是以股東價值為導向?！拔锪餍袠I(yè)越來越注重核心競爭力。有些企業(yè)采取剝離部分業(yè)務的方法來集中開展核心業(yè)務。將運輸業(yè)務外包日益流行，”這推動著敦豪國際速遞等第三方供應商迅速拓展，同時也促進了專業(yè)化運輸物流企業(yè)的增長。</p><p>　　第八大也是最后一大趨勢是通信技術(shù)更加先進?！拔覀兛梢酝ㄟ^互聯(lián)網(wǎng)查詢貨物的地點所在。假如運輸受阻可以立刻與服務中心聯(lián)絡。但現(xiàn)在通過手機就可以[查詢和

61、聯(lián)絡]。追蹤和查詢變得更加方便。我們公司可以自動追蹤所有的運輸貨物，并且在客戶發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物尚未抵達之前查出運輸受阻。”RFID（無線射頻識別標簽）技術(shù)“對物流行業(yè)意義相當重大。如果沒有RFID，要在我們巨大的倉庫中找出客戶的貨物無異于大海撈針。這種【技術(shù)】未來數(shù)年將產(chǎn)生重大影響”。</p><p><b>　　新加坡的例子</b></p><p>　　米爾占·賓

62、·馬哈蒂爾稱自己在吉隆坡的康瑟德物流公司的業(yè)務就分為各個物流運輸環(huán)節(jié)與物流解決方案兩塊。這種做法響應了阿卡維的觀點，即企業(yè)為保持核心競爭力正在將越來越多的物流運輸業(yè)務外包。他還指出“通向全球繁榮的橋梁分為兩個層面”，即國家層面與公司層面。</p><p>　　就國家層面而言，“為保持競爭力國家必須開發(fā)本國的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。假如無法高效將制成的產(chǎn)品運往市場就無法吸引制造廠商。”物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括修建進客貨運港

63、口、機場、道路與橋梁。其中機場尤為重要：“在中東地區(qū)，大家都知道機場是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中至關(guān)重要的組成部分”，所以當?shù)匦藿嗽S多機場，有些機場之間的距離還非常近。 </p><p>　　米爾占指出，“但僅有硬件還不夠。假如使用效率不高，這些物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也無法發(fā)揮作用。”信息技術(shù)、高效的流動與可靠的金融系統(tǒng)等三方面非常重要?！皩τ诎l(fā)展中國家而言，這三方面需要齊頭并進地發(fā)展。新加坡等國家已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了這三點，其他有些國

64、家也正在大力改善?！?lt;/p><p>　　米爾占還說，物流公司應該盡可能直接將貨物運往市場，而且必須準時送達。但名目繁多的文件、各種冗長的檢查和貪污腐敗等官方因素可能會阻礙整個運輸流程?！叭魏我粋€國家的領(lǐng)導階層如果意識到物流行業(yè)對于幫助人民實現(xiàn)繁榮富強的重要作用，他們就會著力解決這些問題?！爆F(xiàn)在有些國家已經(jīng)意識到問題所在，有些還沒有。</p><p>　　從公司的角度講，有些公司雖然也生產(chǎn)

65、實物產(chǎn)品，但他們將自己定位為物流企業(yè)；這可以稱為競爭優(yōu)勢。譬如戴爾（Dell），“它其實是家物流公司，不過恰好從事電腦行業(yè)而已。他們的電腦業(yè)務效率很高，但它基本上還是家物流公司”。</p><p><b>　　軟件解決方案</b></p><p>　　ACT航空公司的董事長、專家小組成員雅吾茲·希茲麥奇提醒觀眾說，伊斯坦布爾歷來都是商業(yè)與貿(mào)易往來的交通要道，

66、土耳其本身也有望成為未來的物流中心。目前許多大型公司在土耳其開設(shè)分公司或者收購當?shù)仄髽I(yè)，利用這個國家日益增長的貿(mào)易、海路、公路、鐵路與航空運輸優(yōu)勢獲利，很快這些公司用于物流的支出也將減少。</p><p>　　在觀眾提問期間，有人問阿卡維他的公司是如何利用軟件解決方案來優(yōu)化整車運輸?shù)任锪鳝h(huán)節(jié)。他回答說，“軟件并非物流行業(yè)的核心業(yè)務。目前我們?nèi)栽诖罅M行內(nèi)部軟件開發(fā)，但我們也在加強與軟件開發(fā)商的合作以尋求解決方案…

67、…現(xiàn)在我們用于IT的支出占公司收入的6%至7%左右，同時有越來越多的業(yè)務開始采用外包的方式?！?lt;/p><p>　　另有觀眾指出，他一直認為物流行業(yè)的入門門檻很低，只要公司能把貨物從一個地點運到另一個地點就行。但隨著技術(shù)進步和現(xiàn)有公司的不斷整合，同時小公司仍然保持著在小型社區(qū)的優(yōu)勢，中型企業(yè)是否會被市場逐步淘汰？還是依舊擁有增長的空間？</p><p>　　阿卡維說，“大、中、小型公司當然

68、都有各自的增長空間。我們公司的規(guī)模正在擴大，但我們提供整合的解決方案。而有些客戶需要的不過是將貨物從一地運到另一地而已。有時候規(guī)模小的企業(yè)靈活度更高，還能提供更優(yōu)惠的價格。假如客戶不需要我們公司這樣的大型網(wǎng)絡，那么中型企業(yè)就仍有市場?！?lt;/p><p>　　希茲麥奇也提出了自己的看法：“我們是家小公司。但只要你價格適中，服務優(yōu)良，規(guī)模大小并不重要?，F(xiàn)在無論是技術(shù)還是生活都變得日益錯綜復雜，大型物流公司并不能真正很