九年級化學(xué)第九單元課題3溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)配套課件人教新課標(biāo)版

1、課題 3,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),1．溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是________與________之比，表達(dá)式為______________________________________________。2．溶液稀釋前后，___________不變，稀釋后溶液的質(zhì)量＝______________的質(zhì)量＋______________的質(zhì)量3 ．配制一定質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的溶液使用到的儀器主要有_________________

2、_________________________________________。,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,稀釋前溶液,添加溶劑,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,溶液質(zhì)量,燒杯、托盤天平、玻璃棒、量筒、膠頭滴管,有關(guān)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的計算1．溶質(zhì)、溶劑、溶液的質(zhì)量與溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的有關(guān)換算(1)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量＝溶液質(zhì)量－溶劑質(zhì)量＝溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(w)(2)溶液質(zhì)量＝溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量＋溶劑質(zhì)量＝溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量÷溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(w)2

3、．溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)與溶液質(zhì)量、體積、密度的有關(guān)換算,溶液體積,m(溶液),m(溶質(zhì)),,3．溶液的稀釋與濃縮的計算(1)溶液稀釋的計算①計算原理：溶液稀釋前后，溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不變。②計算公式m(溶液)前×w(溶質(zhì))前＝m(溶液)后×w(溶質(zhì))后(2)溶液增濃的計算①添加溶質(zhì)溶液中加溶質(zhì)溶解后，所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)＝,原溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量＋所加溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量原溶液質(zhì)量＋所加溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,&

4、#215;100%。,,,②蒸發(fā)溶劑(無晶體析出)溶液中蒸發(fā)一部分溶劑后，所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)＝,原溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量原溶液質(zhì)量－蒸發(fā)溶劑質(zhì)量,×100%。,③與濃溶液混合與濃溶液混合后，所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)＝,原溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量＋所加濃溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量原溶液質(zhì)量＋所加濃溶液質(zhì)量,×100%。,溶解度與溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,分?jǐn)?shù)的溶液的配制,1．溶解度與溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的比較,用溶解度計算出來的

5、溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是該溫度下飽和溶液的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)；在一定溫度下，某溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)最大不能超過該溶質(zhì)的飽和溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。2．一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的溶液的配制,(1)配制一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)溶液的一般步驟：計算→稱量→溶解→裝瓶→貼標(biāo)簽。(2)注意事項,①稱取固體和量取液體要分別用托盤天平和相應(yīng)量程的量筒，要注意托盤天平和量筒的精確度(托盤天平精確到 0.1 g，量筒精確到 0.1 mL)；,②溶解要在燒杯中進(jìn)行，不