美國文學史復習資料

1、1美國文學史復習 美國文學史復習 1（colonialism) colonialism)第一部分 殖民主義時期的文學一、時期綜述1、清教徒采用的文學體裁：a、narratives 日記 b、journals 游記2、清教徒在美國的寫作內容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About deali

2、ng with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit3、清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 凈化信仰和行為方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church

3、and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供簡單服務，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is

4、 not to be accepted. 認為自己是上帝選民，對他們的生活有異議就是反對上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反對快樂和藝術的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrath

5、ful God.強調上帝嚴厲的一面，忽視上帝仁慈的一面。4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton William begins the history of religious toleration in America.5、William 的宗教觀點：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang f

6、rom the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify

7、 itself directly with God. 行為上的德，信仰上的誠，并沒有給任何人強迫別人該如何行事的權利。沒有任何政治秩序和教會體制能夠直接體現(xiàn)神的本身的意旨。6、英國最早移民到美國的詩人：Anne Bradstreet7、在殖民時期最好的清教徒詩人：The best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.學習指南：1、Could you give a description of Am

8、erican Puritans? 關于美國清教徒的描繪Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the “purity“ of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them

9、 religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination

10、, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious be

11、lief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven.32）與清教徒不同，主張追求幸福。All Men are created equal, that the

12、y are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness. 人人生而平等，他們都從“造物主”那邊被賦予了某些不可轉讓的權利，其中包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。4、Philip Philip Freneau Freneau 菲利

13、普 菲利普·費瑞諾 費瑞諾 poet and political journalist 詩人和政治方面的新聞記者1）perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.2)has been called the “Father of American Poetry“ 美國詩歌之父The Rising Glory of Americ

14、a 蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship 英國囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans 紀念美國勇士-----同類詩中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金銀花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殯葬地學習指南：1、Theology Theology dominated the Puritan phase of American

15、writing. Politics Politics was the next great suject to command the attention of the best minds.2、Freneau was neoclassical neoclassical by training and taste ye romantic in essential spirit.美國文學史復習 美國文學史復習 3（Romanticism)

16、 Romanticism)(2009-01-17 18:58:09) 一、文學特征：1、Environment:1)shaped by their New World environment 美洲大陸新環(huán)境2）array of ideas inherited from the romantic traditions of Europe 歐洲早期浪漫主義思潮2、美國文學特點：pluralistic 多元化 manif

17、estations varied 表現(xiàn)形式多樣 Individualistic 個人主義 conflicting 矛盾3、Romanticism 的特點：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiam, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presu

18、mption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主義之間大多是相通的，都注重道德，強調個人主義價值觀和直覺感受，并且認為自然是美的源頭，人類社會是腐敗之源。4、Transcendentalism 超驗主義1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systemat

19、ized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.不講邏輯，不講系統(tǒng)，只強調超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束縛的個人表達。2)they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society

20、.呼吁文化復興，反對美國社會的拜金主義。3）they believe in the transcendence of “over soul“, an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信無所不能的善的力量，強調善為萬物之源。4）it

21、could exercise a healthy and restorative influence on the human mind. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.” The natural implication of all this