美國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀期末復(fù)習(xí)題

1、1. Captain John Smith became the first American writer.2. The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people.3. The first major intellectual spokesman of the Massachusetts Bay colony was John Cotton, sometimes called

2、 “the Patriarch of New England.”4. Anne Bradstreet published The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, and she was nicknamed the tenth Muse.5. Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benja

3、min Franklin.6. Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.7. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman,

4、 and Robert Livingston.8. Philip Freneau developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction, best illustrated in such nature lyrics as “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”.9. Philip Freneau has been cal

5、led the “Father of American Poetry”.10. In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.11. Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories

6、, especially the five novels that comprise the Leatherstocking tales.12. “To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok.13. “Thanatopsis”, William Cullen Bryant’s best-known poem, consists of four st

7、anzas in iambic tetrameter abab. The title means “view of death”.14. Edgar Allan Poe is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.15. Emerson believed above all in individualism, indep

8、endence of mind, and self-reliance.16. In Walden, Thoreau thought it better for a man to work one day a week and rest six, and the rest of the time could be devoted to thought.17. Hawthorne’s stories touch the deepest ro

9、ots of man’s moral nature.18. Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.19. After his death, Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust

10、in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.20. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, had become an American institution and the most famous literary woman in the world.21. William Dean Howells found his

11、subject matter in the experiences of the American middle class.22. William Dean Howells called for the treatment of the “smiling aspects of life” as being the more “American.”23. The naturalists emphasized that the world

12、 was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.24. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse.25. O·Henry’s stories are usually

13、 short and interesting; Famous for their surprising end.26. Henry James is famous for his international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life.elevates the individual and his inne

14、r being over social man and prefers the unconscious to the self-conscious.6. Romanticism Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearanc

15、e in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads in

16、collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in history of English literature. In fact, the first half the 19th century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.7. Puritanism The pri

17、nciples and practices of puritans were popularly known as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God; the supreme authority of the Bible; the irresistibility of God’s will for man

18、in every act of life from cradle to grave. These doctrines led the Puritans to examine their souls to find whether they were of the elect and to search the Bible to determine God’s will.8. Hemingway Heroes / Code Hero“He

19、mingway Heroes” refer to some protagonists in Hemingway’s works. Such a hero usually is an average man of decidedly masculine tastes, sensitive and intelligent. And usually he is a man of action and of a few words. He is

20、 such an individualist, alone even when with other people, somewhat an outsider, keeping emotions under control, stoic and self-disciplined in a dreadful place where one can not get happiness. The Hemingway heroes stand

21、for a whole generation. In a world which is essentially chaotic and meaningless, a Hemingway hero fights a solitary struggle against a force he does not even understand. The awareness that it must end in defeat, no matte

22、r how hard he strives, engenders a sense of despair. But Hemingway heroes possess a kind of “despairing courage” as Bertrand Russell terms. It is this courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to assert his dignit

23、y in face of adversity. Surely Hemingway heroes differ, one from another, in their view of the world. The difference which comes gradually in view is an index to the subtle change which Hemingway’s outlook had undergone.

24、Identify the fragments.1. These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love

25、and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly

26、—This dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods.(1)Which book is this passage take from?(2)Who is the author of this book?(3)Whom is the author praising? Whom is