外文翻譯---比較研究戰(zhàn)略目標和有效性的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)實施電子商務(wù)

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻譯文</b></p><p>　　設(shè)計(論文)題目:中小企業(yè)電子商務(wù)運營模式推進與管理研究</p><p>　　專業(yè)與班級: 電子商務(wù)0902班 </p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名: 張 詩 蕊 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師

2、: 楊 琳 </p><p><b>　　2013年1月4日</b></p><p><b>　　指導(dǎo)教師評閱意見</b></p><p>　　Strategic Aims and Effectiveness of Traditional Companies Implement

3、ing E-Commerce: A Comparative Study</p><p>　　Ozlem Sipahi and Ozgur Dogerlioglu</p><p>　　Department of Management Information Systems, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey</p><p>　

4、　Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the factors affecting e-commerce in different sectors, compare the sectors and measure the relations of these factors with the effectiveness in company objectives regarding

5、 e-commerce In the scope of the research 75 firms from tourism, finance and textile sectors were selected as the sample and a survey has been conducted to define major differences between these sectors Hypotheses have b

6、een defined and tested for 44 surveys received using t-tests </p><p>　　Key words: Strategic use of e-business, effectiveness of e-commerce, e-commerce, e-business, B2B, B2C, company objectives</p><

7、;p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Online activities have been facilitating the living styles and working habits of many people and firms more and more every passing year and as the competition between the organi

8、zations increases, organizations become more and more willing to catch up with the new technology in order not to be left behind the competition</p><p>　　The aim of this study is to explore the differences b

9、etween usage, importance and effectiveness values of different sectors regarding e-commerce .Three sectors; finance, tourism and textile are selected as the sample sectors and several analysis have been conducted in orde

10、r to get an overview about the subject and make comparisons between the sectors.</p><p>　　Internet is affecting everybody's life and living styles in the recent few years significantly, in a way that mak

11、es it possible for the companies to employ e-commerce to direct their business activities and to carry out electronic transactions (Chang et a/, 2006) Organizations are changing from a physical, supply-driven and disconn

12、ected structure to an intellectual, demand driven and interconnected type (Chang and 11, 2003). Many organizations conduct a detailed research before implementing such</p><p>　　THEORETICAL BACKGROUND</p&g

13、t;<p>　　Organizations prefer to use various strategies to increase their effectiveness. Some of these strategies are related to using information technology resources to increase their competitiveness Resources su

14、pport organizational success based on the management theory called as resource-based view of the firm ( Zhuang and Lederer, 2006) Transforming a traditional company to a digital one necessitates new investments in diffe

15、rent processes within the firm Digital improvements in management of relati</p><p>　　In a widely used term, e-commerce can be defined as, the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging products,

16、services and/or information via computer networks, including the internet and technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic Funds</p><p>　　Transfer (EFT), electronic mail (e-mail), inter

17、net activities such as web pages can be observed under the scope of e-commerce (Turbanet a/, 2004; Mustaffa and Beaumont, 2004)</p><p>　　Organizations can be classified into three basic types based on their

18、usage of e-commerce such as brick-and-mortar organizations, click-and-mortar organizations and virtual (pure-play) organizations (Turban et a/, 2004; Bendoly et a/, 2006)</p><p>　　B2B e-commerce is defined a

19、s performing business operations between an organization and its partners through the use of internet and online technologies (Teo and Ranganathan,2004). Information technology has a significant and major role for facili

20、tating the interaction between the customer organization and its suppliers, as electronic connection between the supply chain members, provided by e-commerce leads to an improved relationship among business partners (Mcl

21、vor et al,2003).</p><p>　　The improvements in B2B e-commerce brings new advantages for the organizations in the management of supply chain networks and e-enable procurement, distribution, communications, sal

22、es and marketing and financial systems among business partners (Harrison and Waite, 2006). Among the effects of B2B e-commerce, the major benefit is the establishment of a new and more cost-effective supply chain netw

23、ork, which creates about 90% of all e-commerce by value and size (Nagurney et al., 2005). Hence, </p><p>　　B2C e-commerce, also referred as e-tailing, can be defined as the online retail transactions betwe

24、en a company and individual shoppers (Turban et a/., 2004).According to Chun and Kim (2005) consumers preferring online transactions rather than the traditional methods increase, as the internet provides more information

25、 with less transaction costs. Factors that motivate the customers regarding online shopping can be listed as,broader selections, competitive pricing and greater access to information</p><p>　　The main factor

26、s that influencing B2C e-commerce in order to diminish transaction costs can be defined as, product digitizability, product complexity and sensitivity, product tangibility or industry structure characteristics such a ma

27、rket thinness or customer dispersion (Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006).</p><p>　　Web site is one of the most important factors in B2C e-commerce and in this context, usability and design attitudes such as d

28、ownload delay, navigation, content, interactivity, responsiveness (Zviran et a/., 2006),information quality, service quality, system use,playfulness and system design quality (Liao et a/.j 2006;Rajagopalan and Deshmukh,

29、2005) can be considered as the crucial factors affecting user satisfaction.</p><p>　　B2B2C e-commerce can be explained as a combination of both the B2B and B2C e-commerce. This type of relationship can be ob

30、served when the customer is not able to give or does not prefer to order directly through the internet. Organizatiod’s distributors provide information about the products, give relevant advices and consultation as well a

31、s take orders (Chang and11, 2003).</p><p>　　C2B e-commerce occurs between individuals who are selling goods and organizations searching for the best offer for the products they are in need of (Turban et al.,

32、2004). C2B e-commerce requires analyzing the buyers' necessities and associating them with the best suitable offer by the vendors. The aim of C2B in general, is to be able to get a special offer for a specific produc

33、t by increasing the demand through collaborating the buyers who need the product. Internet has a major role for this coal</p><p>　　Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce can be defined as the system of e-comm

34、erce that serves as a facilitator in a transaction between individuals or small enterprises (Gonzalez, 2003). By means of C2C e-commerce, customers from different countries can interact with each other, so that the marke

35、ts of developing countries are accessible worldwide leading to a positively affected political economic and social structure of the countries (Li and Lin 2005).</p><p>　　Mobile Commerce can be described as a

36、ny transaction with monetary value, either direct or indirect,that is conducted over a wireless telecommunication network (Ngai and Gunasekaran 2007). Mobile commerce has several advantages such as mobility, net-access

37、convenience, ubiquity, personalization, flexibility and dissemination (Wu and Wang, 2006).</p><p>　　E-commerce activities performed by non-business organizations such as academic institutions, non-profit org

38、anizations can be classified as non-business e-commerce activities (Turban et a/., 2004). Such activities are more concerned with developing existing transactions to increase efficiency then other previously explained wo

39、rkflows (Roy, 2005).</p><p>　　Main benefits of e-commerce to the organizations can be summarized as; global extension (Motiwalla, et al.,2005; Sung, 2006; Apigian et a/., 2005), cost saving (Dinlersoz and Pe

40、reira., 2006; Quaddus and Achjari, 2005;Zhuang and Lederer, 2006), supply chain improvement (Soliman and Janz, 2004; Apigian et a/., 2005; Shin, 2005),customization (Chang and11, 2003; Apigian et a/., 2005;Coltman et a/.

41、j 2001), market orientation and expansion(Motiwalla etal., 2005; Dinlersoz and Pereira 2006; Chang and</p><p>　　(Lee and Kim, 2003; Apigian et a/., 2005), better customer relationship (Bremser and Chung, 20

42、05; Jih et al., 2005;Porra, 2000).</p><p>　　Obstacles of e-commerce are, lack of standards for quality, security and reliability (Meinert. et al., 2006; Wu and Chang, 2006; Wakefield and Whitten, 2006; Park

43、and Kim, 2006; Roy, 2005), difficulties in the integration of legacy systems and e-commerce software (Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006; Lee and Kim, 2006, Shan andHua, 2006;Keams, 2005; Taylor et a/., 2004), inconvenienc

44、e of intemet accessibility (Kamel, 2006), customer's preference of touch and feel products (Efendioglu and Yip, 2004)</p><p>　　MATERL&LS AND METHODS</p><p>　　During the literature review

45、 period, a draft of the questionnaire has been prepared. Pilot questionnaire has been applied to a group of respondents and their opinions about the questionnaire have been collected. After the revision of the survey, th

46、ree sectors subject to comparison were selected among the companies performing some of their activities via internet. Finance,Tourism and Textile were chosen and the questionnaires were sent to the companies acting in th

47、ese sectors.</p><p>　　Twenty five companies from each sector were selected randomly among the list of companies at similar sizes, applying similar online activities and the questionnaires were sent by e-mai

48、l to the representatives in each company. The sample size is conservative, as it is challenging to get a response from the companies. After 2 weeks, organizations without response were recalled by telephone and with peri

49、odical reminding, response rate was increased.</p><p>　　In the finance sector, 16 0ut of 25 companies responded without error. In textile sector, response rate was 15 0ut of 25. Finally, in tourism 13 0ut of

50、 25 companies responded. </p><p>　　CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH</p><p>　　The aim of this research was to examine different sectors regarding their frequency of usage, preferences, importance a

51、ssigned to activities, effectiveness rates, problems faced and top management support. Results obtained are compared in order to realize the differences between the sectors and to develop a model for describing the facto

52、rs influencing effectiveness of e-commerce.</p><p>　　According to the analyses conducted in the study, there is no significant difference between the parties connected online between the tourism, finance and

53、 textile. There are no significant distinctions between the online activities for customers, but there exist differences between the online activities for suppliers.</p><p>　　As the effectiveness rates of th

54、e sectors are compared, number of objectives that have high mean values of effectiveness rates is more than the other two sectors in the finance sector. Similarly, when the importance of problems in the e-commerce and to

55、p management sections are analyzed, in the finance sector, more factors are analyzed as important and top management support rate seems more than the other sectors.</p><p>　　As the importance of each objecti

56、ve was compared with the effectiveness of the same objective, it is observed that there is no direct relation between the importance and effectiveness rate of the objectives.</p><p>　　Finally all factors are

57、 regression analysis, in order tested together with a to find out which factors affect effectiveness. Effectiveness is affected positively by Number of supplier activities performed online and Top management support aver

58、age. Number of parties using e-commerce influences effectiveness negatively.</p><p>　　Findings of this study can form a basis for future research, as a model of effectiveness has been created by analyzing th

59、e relations between number of online parties, online activity performance, importance of e-commerce objectives, types of problems, top management support rate and effectiveness. Besides these, a comparison of sectors has

60、 been made according to these variables.</p><p>　　Main limitation of the study was the response rate of the organizations. As it is difficult to gather data from organizations in different sectors, number of

61、 sectors has been selected as three. If the number of sectors can be increased or the same research has been done with different sectors, the scope of the study can be enlarged and more specific results can be obtained i

62、n the future.</p><p>　　比較研究戰(zhàn)略目標和有效性的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)實施電子商務(wù)</p><p>　　土耳其，伊斯坦布爾,Bogazici大學(xué),Dogerlioglu Ozlem Sipahi和Ozgur部門的管理信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘要：本研究的目的是探討電子商務(wù)在不同行業(yè)的影響因素,比較了行業(yè)和衡量這些因素的關(guān)系與公司目標的有效性在關(guān)于電

63、子商務(wù)在75年的范圍從旅游研究公司、金融和紡織行業(yè)被選為研究樣本,進行了一項調(diào)查來定義這些行業(yè)之間的主要差別。假設(shè)已定義和測試了44項調(diào)查收到了使用T型檢驗比較和回歸分析,以探討電子商務(wù)的有效性的影響因素在組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)積極影響的有效性由數(shù)量的供應(yīng)商活動在線執(zhí)行和最高管理層的支持方使用的數(shù)量有一個負面影響,對電子商務(wù)的有效性。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:戰(zhàn)略使用電子商務(wù)、有效性的電子商務(wù)、電子商務(wù)、企業(yè)電子化、B2

64、B、B2C、公司目標</p><p>　　介紹：在線活動已經(jīng)促進了生活方式和工作習(xí)慣的許多人們和公司越來越多的歲月流逝,組織之間的競爭增加,組織越來越愿意跟上新技術(shù)為了不被拋在后面的競爭本研究的目的是探索使用之間的差異、重要性和有效性值不同的部門關(guān)于電子商務(wù)。三個部門：金融、旅游、紡織行業(yè)選為樣本,進行了一些分析為了得到關(guān)于這個話題的概述,使行業(yè)之間的比較。</p><p>　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)影響

65、到每個人的生命和生活風(fēng)格在最近的幾年里顯著,使得有可能采用電子商務(wù)公司直接向他們業(yè)務(wù)活動和開展電子交易(Chang et a / 2006)組織正在改變從物理,供應(yīng)驅(qū)動的和斷開連接的結(jié)構(gòu)來一個知識,需求驅(qū)動的和相互關(guān)聯(lián)的類型(Chang和11,2003)。許多組織進行詳細的研究在實現(xiàn)這樣的技術(shù),而其他投資,使基于經(jīng)驗的競爭。(瓦爾登湖和布朗,2006)</p><p>　　理論背景：組織更喜歡使用不同的策略來增加

66、它們的有效性。這些策略都與使用信息技術(shù)資源來提高他們的競爭力資源支持組織成功基于管理理論稱為資源基礎(chǔ)理論的公司(壯族和萊德爾,2006年)改變傳統(tǒng)的公司一個數(shù)字一個需要新的投資在不同的內(nèi)部過程改進管理公司數(shù)字與供應(yīng)商的關(guān)系,客戶和其他黨派依靠金融資源的組織。</p><p>　　在一個廣泛使用的術(shù)語,電子商務(wù)可以被定義為,這個過程的購買、出售、轉(zhuǎn)讓或交換產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)和/或信息通過計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò),包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和技術(shù),如電子

67、數(shù)據(jù)交換(EDI),電子資金轉(zhuǎn)移(EFT)、電子郵件(電子郵件),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動,如web頁面可以觀察到的范圍內(nèi)的電子商務(wù)電子商務(wù)的實體組織基于它們的用法可以分為三種基本類型，單擊組織、砂漿組織和虛擬(純)組織。通訊作者：土耳其伊斯坦布爾Bogazici大學(xué) Technol.J,2008</p><p>　　B2B電子商務(wù)的定義是執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)操作一個組織及其合作伙伴之間通過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)(Teo and Ranga

68、nathan,2004),信息技術(shù)有一個重大和主要角色之間的交互作用對促進客戶組織和它的供應(yīng)商,作為電子連接供應(yīng)鏈成員提供的電子商務(wù)會導(dǎo)致一種改進業(yè)務(wù)伙伴之間的關(guān)系。(Mclvor et al,2003) </p><p>　　改進的B2B電子商務(wù)帶來了新的優(yōu)勢為組織管理的供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)和e使采購、分銷、通信、銷售和營銷和金融系統(tǒng)在業(yè)務(wù)合作伙伴。(Harrison and Waite, 2006)</p>

69、<p>　　在B2B電子商務(wù)的影響,其主要優(yōu)點是建立一個新的、更具有成本效益的供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò),這創(chuàng)造了大約90%的電子商務(wù)的價值和大小。(Nagurney et al., 2005)</p><p>　　因此，大多數(shù)組織考慮B2B電子商務(wù)作為提高性能的必要性以及盈利能力。(Kaefer and Bendoly,2004)</p><p>　　B2B電子商務(wù)使得公司能夠把他們的活動

70、在一個更大的區(qū)域(Wrigley and Currah,2006)并提供供應(yīng)商參與新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)活動的iri(Mclvor et al., 2003)這導(dǎo)致增加生產(chǎn)力(Zank and Vokurka, 2003).</p><p>　　B2C電子商務(wù),也稱為網(wǎng)路零售,可以定義為在線零售業(yè)務(wù)的公司和個人消費者之間(Turban et a/., 2004)根據(jù)消費者喜歡在線交易而不是傳統(tǒng)的方法增加,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了更多

71、的信息,更少的交易成本。激勵因素,對于網(wǎng)上購物的顧客可以列為,更廣泛的選擇,有競爭力的價格和更大的獲取信息。(Chen and Macredie, 2005)</p><p>　　他主要因素影響B(tài)2C電子商務(wù),以減少交易成本可以被定義為,產(chǎn)品數(shù)字化、產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜性和靈敏度,產(chǎn)品可觸知或產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)特征會形成這樣一個市場小或客戶分散的情況。(Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006)</p&

72、gt;<p>　　網(wǎng)站是最重要的因素之一在B2C電子商務(wù),在這種背景下,可用性和設(shè)計態(tài)度如下載延遲、導(dǎo)航、內(nèi)容、交互性、(Zviran et a/., 2006)響應(yīng)性信息質(zhì)量、服務(wù)質(zhì)量、系統(tǒng)使用、嬉鬧和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的質(zhì)量可以被認為是關(guān)鍵的因素影響著用戶的滿意度。(Liao et a/.j 2006）</p><p>　　B2B2C電子商務(wù)可以被解釋為是兩者的結(jié)合B2B和B2C電子商務(wù)。這種類型的關(guān)系可

73、以觀察到當客戶無法給或者不喜歡通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)直接訂貨。Organizatiod的經(jīng)銷商提供產(chǎn)品信息,給相關(guān)的建議和咨詢以及接受命令。(Chang and11, 2003)</p><p>　　C2B電子商務(wù)發(fā)生的個體間的銷售貨物和組織尋找最好的產(chǎn)品提供他們需要的產(chǎn)品(Turban et al. 2004)C2B電子商務(wù)需要分析買家的必需品和關(guān)聯(lián)的最佳適合的提供供應(yīng)商。C2B一般的目的,是能夠獲得特殊報價為一個特定的產(chǎn)

74、品通過增加需求的買家通過合作所需要的產(chǎn)品?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)有一個主要角色,這個聯(lián)盟,因為它更容易形成組織在線。 (Chenet a/. 2006)</p><p>　　C2C電子商務(wù)(C2C)可以被定義為系統(tǒng)的電子商務(wù),作為中介在一個事務(wù)中個人或小型企業(yè)之間溝通。(Gonzalez, 2003)通過對C2C電子商務(wù),客戶來自不同國家相互之間交流,所以,市場的發(fā)展中國家都可以訪問到一個積極影響世界領(lǐng)先水平的政治經(jīng)濟和社會結(jié)構(gòu)

75、的國家。(Li and Lin 2005)</p><p>　　移動商務(wù)可以被描述為任何事務(wù)與貨幣價值,要么直接或間接地,這是通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行通信。(Ngai and Gunasekaran 2007)移動商務(wù)有幾個優(yōu)點如移動,凈訪問方便、無處不在、個性化、靈活性和傳播。(Wu and Wang, 2006)</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)活動由非商業(yè)組織如學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu),非營利組織可以分為非商

76、業(yè)的電子商務(wù)活動。 (Turban et a/. 2004) 這樣的活動更關(guān)心發(fā)展中現(xiàn)有的事務(wù)來提高效率和其他前面解釋的工作流程。(Roy, 2005)</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)的主要好處的組織可以概括為；全球擴展成本節(jié)約供應(yīng)鏈的改善,定制、市場定位和擴張,快速上市時間,降低通信成本更便宜的產(chǎn)品和供應(yīng)還有更好的客戶關(guān)系。</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)的障礙是,缺乏標準的質(zhì)量、安全性和可

77、靠性,困難在集成遺留系統(tǒng)和電子商務(wù)軟件,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的不便,客戶的偏好的可訪問性觸摸和感覺產(chǎn)品、文化差異、缺乏最高管理層承諾。</p><p>　　MATERL&LS和方法</p><p>　　在文獻回顧期間,一個草案已經(jīng)準備的問卷。飛行員問卷已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于一個組的受訪者,他們的意見調(diào)查問卷收集。修訂后的調(diào)查,三個部門受到比較被選在公司執(zhí)行他們的一些活動通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。金融、旅游、紡織被挑選

78、和問卷被送到代理在這些領(lǐng)域的公司。</p><p>　　25個從每個部門的五家公司被選定的企業(yè)名單中隨機在類似的大小,應(yīng)用類似的在線活動和問卷由電子郵件發(fā)送到每個公司的代表。樣本大小是保守的,因為它是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的,從公司得到回應(yīng)。2周后,組織沒有響應(yīng)通過電話被召回和定期提醒,反應(yīng)率增加。</p><p>　　在金融領(lǐng)域,25家公司中16家公司沒有錯誤的反應(yīng)。在紡織行業(yè),響應(yīng)速度是25家公司

79、中15家。最后,在旅游25家公司中13家公司回應(yīng)。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論和未來的研究</b></p><p>　　本研究的目的是審查不同部門關(guān)于他們使用頻次、偏好、重要性分配給活動、有效性率、面臨的問題和最高管理層的支持。結(jié)果比較,以實現(xiàn)部門之間的差異,并建立一個模型來描述電子商務(wù)影響因素的有效性。</p><p>　　根據(jù)分析研究

80、中進行得出的結(jié)果,沒有顯著區(qū)別雙方之間的連接在線旅游、金融和紡織品。沒有明顯的區(qū)分為客戶的在線活動,但是存在差異的是在線活動的供應(yīng)商。</p><p>　　隨著利率的有效性部門相比,數(shù)量的目標,有很高的利率平均值有效性比其他兩個部門在金融部門。同樣的,當問題的重要性在電子商務(wù)和高層管理部分進行了分析,在金融領(lǐng)域,更多的因素進行了分析和最高管理層的支持同樣重要率似乎更比其他行業(yè)。</p><p&

81、gt;　　為每個目標的重要性與同一個目標的有效性,這是發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有直接關(guān)系的重要性和有效性率的目標。</p><p>　　最后所有因素回歸分析,為了測試一起來找出哪些因素影響效果。有效性是積極影響的數(shù)量供應(yīng)商活動在線執(zhí)行和最高管理層的支持平均。很多政黨使用電子商務(wù)影響負面效果。</p><p>　　本研究的結(jié)果可以形成一個基礎(chǔ)為未來的研究,作為一個模型的有效性已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了通過分析一些在線的政黨之