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1、SmallmediumdistrictenterprisesthenewproductdevelopmentchallengeLiteraturedealingwiththeproductdevelopmentprocessinlargescaleindustriesisabundant.Howeverthereisgeneralagreementthatthenewproductdevelopment(NPD)processisnot
2、adequatelystudiedinsmallmediumenterprises(SMEs)modelstoolsspecificallyfocusedftheseunitsarelacking.TheinnovationprocessinSMEspossessescertaindistinguishingfeaturesthatwouldsuggestaspecificapproachtoNPDactivities.Whencomp
3、aredwithlargesizedfirmstheinnovativeprocessinsmallunitsismeinfmallessstructuredthebaseofmanagerialcompetenciesislimitedavailabilityoffinancialresourcesislowertheattractiontowardsskilledlabourweakerthepropensityfinteracti
4、onwithotherfirmsislimited.EffectiveNPDhasbecomethefocalpointofcompetitivenessinmanyindustriesparticularlythosewhereproductlifehasshtenedcompetitionincreasedonaglobalbasiscustomerdemfgreaterproductvarietyhasgrown(Mayl1997
5、Pisano1997).Consequentlyresearchonbestpracticesinproductdevelopmentthatispracticesmethodswhichmakefirmsgoodproductinnovatshasincreased(seeAbdalla1999Griffin1997).Analysingthesecontributionswecannotethatmostareribabletoco
6、ncurrentengineering(CE)toolstechniques.CEsuggestsan“integrated”designapproachthatisasystematicapproachtotheintegratedconcurrentdesignofproductsprocesses.Thiswouldfcedeveloperstoconsiderallelementsoftheproductioncyclerigh
7、tfromconceptiontoexpeditionincludingqualitycostscheduleuserrequirements.TheredonotappeartobeanypapersonthespecificproblemsofNPDinIDs.HowevervariousauthspointouttheacteristicsoftheinnovativeprocessthattypicallydevelopinID
8、s.Wecanobservehowthedistrictlocalisationmitigatessomeofthelimitsmentionedbutcangenerateothers:(1)Districtfirmsbenefitfromexternaleconomies(thepresenceofagenciesthatofferspecificservicesaspecialisedlabourmarketsupptinfras
9、tructureslower1998).Thedistrictfirmsboththosethataresituatedattheendoftheproductionlinethosethatcoverintermediatephasesarenowurgedtomakechangesonnumerousfronts.Endproducersarebecomingmeawareoftheneedtorethinktheganisatio
10、nlocalisationofthevaluechainactivities.Amongtheseproductdevelopmentmustbeplacedatthefefront.Atthesametimethelocalsubcontractingwkwhichinthepastcarriedoutmostoftheproductivewknowmustextenditsexpertisecapabilitiesbeyondthe
11、productiontask.Theabilitytomanageallaspectsconcerningproductdevelopmenthasbecomecriticalftheseunitstoo.Aspecificityrequiresacarefuldesignapproachwhichshouldtakeintoaccountallthetechnicalconstraintssoproductprocessenginee
12、ringphasesmustbecloselyintegrated.Thefirststepisproductconceptresultingfromamarketanalysishastheobjectiveoffmalisingtheinitialideaofthenewmodel.Nextcomesprototypingwhentheprototypeofanewmodelisconstructedaccdingtotheigin
13、aldesignsothenewstyleeyewearbecomestangible.Thesimilaritybetweentheaestheticideaoftheproductactualresultobtainablecanbeverifiedfromtheprototypeatthesametimedifficultiesinprocessingthespecificationsneededidentified.Thenpr
14、oducttoolsdesignstarts.Thenewmodelisbrokendownintoitsvariouscomponents(templesringsendpiecesnosepiecesbridgeshooks)thetechnicalspecificationsadetaileddesignfeachismade.Atthispointthefirstsupplierinvolvementtakesplace.Reg
15、ardlessoftheamounttypeofinvolvementthisisthemomentwhencodesignbegins.Somesuppliersareinvitedtotakepartinthedevelopmentactivitythetypeacteristicsofthecomponentstobemanufacturedaredisclosedtothem.Nextfollowsthecostanalysis
16、partrationalisation.Heremanufacturingcostisestimatedwaystorationalisethecomponentsdefinedinthepreviousphasesaredetected.Fexampleastardmightreplaceanadhoccomponentdifferentmaterialscanbeedtheproductmixcanbelimitedetc.When
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