亞洲的國家創(chuàng)新體系制度的適應(yīng)性和在全球創(chuàng)新挑戰(zhàn)面前的剛性【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯外文翻譯原文Asia’snationalinnovationsystems：InstitutionaladaptabilityrigidityinthefaceofglobalinnovationchallengesMaterial：AsiaPacJManag(2009)26：589–609Auth：MarkDodgsonInnovationhasplayedwillcontinuetoplayacentralroleinthe

2、transfmationoftheAsianeconomies(KimDodgson2000a；UNCTAD2000；ChenFagerberg2005)firms(DodgsonGann&Salter2008a；Schilling2005)Asiancountriescpationsareenthusiasticallypursuinginnovationasakeyobjective.Thedevelopinginnovativec

3、apacityofsomeAsiannationsraisesnumbersofquestionsfthoseconcernedwithunderstingtherelationshipsbetweenbusinessthepoliticaleconomy.Firmsoperateincontextsshapedbynationalacteristicsdistinctiveinstitutionsregulationssuppting

4、innovation.Inregulatysystemsareimptantparticularlyinrespectofintellectualpropertyrightsstards.ManygovernmentsaroundthewldarelookingfincreasedcontributionstonationalR&Defftsfromtheprivatesectffasterfinancialreturnsfromthe

5、irinvestments.ImprovingthelinkagesbetweenpublicprivatesectR&Dhasbecomeamajpolicymanagementchallenge.Asthereisanincreasingnumberofinstitutionswithspecializedknowledgeofverydifferentkinds—firmsofdifferentsizesconsultancies

6、researchganizationsuniversities—theabilitytoaccessdifferentsourcesofknowledgetoapplythesetotheirownneedsbecomescrucialfinnovation.Itistheconfigurationoftheseinstitutionsthe(resulting)flowsofknowledgethatacterizedifferent

7、nationalinnovationsystemsunderlietheinnovativeperfmanceofcountries.TheNISapproachsuggeststhattechnologicalinnovationisbothmefrequentbettermanagedleadingtomesubstantialnationalcompetitiveadvantagewhentheelementsofthebroad

8、erenvironmentsurroundingfirms’activitiesarewellarticulatedintoasystemthaninsituationswhereeachelementwkslargelyinisolation.ThustheNISapproachbringsamajnewfmofanalysistoindustry.Theoverallinnovationperfmanceofaneconomydep

9、endsnotsomuchonhowspecificfmalinstitutions(firmsresearchinstitutesuniversities)perfmbutonhowtheyinteractwitheachotheraselementsofacollectivesystemofknowledgecreationuseontheirinterplaywithsocialinstitutions(suchasvaluesn

10、mslegalframewks).Theyholdopenthepossibilityofanalyzingthefmaleconomicinstitutionsthehisticallysociallyculturallyembeddedunderstingsofwhatarelegitimateappropriatestructuresstrategiespractices.Effectivenationalinnovationsy

11、stemscontinuallychange.TheimptanceofthesechangeswillbeseenlaterwhenweconsiderthechallengesconfrontingTaiwan.ThegrowthofTaiwanesetechnologybasedfirmswasencouragedbyahighlysupptivesystemofresearchinstitutionspreferentialgo

12、vernmentfinancing.ButastheymovetoanewstageoftechnologicalinnovationarriveatthetechnologicalfefronttheyhavenewrequirementsfromtheNIS.IfTaiwanwantstoemulatetheliberalmarketeconomymodelof“radical”innovationitnowneedsaccesst

13、obasicsciencefundingflongtermmespeculativeR&Ddifferentsourcesofcapitalskills.ToassistsuchfirmsonechallengeftheTaiwaneseNISiseithertochangethestrategiesofexistingsuccessfulinstitutionsprovidingresearchinvestmentfundseduca