受固定成本和波動(dòng)性需求影響下的一套庫(kù)存管理方法[外文翻譯]

1、外文翻譯AnintegratedapproachtoinventyflexiblecapacitymanagementsubjecttofixedcostsnonstationarystochasticdemMaterialSource:DepartmentofTechnologyManagementAuth:TarkanTanOsmanAlpAbstractInamanufacturingsystemwithflexiblecapac

2、ityinventymanagementcanbecoupledwithcapacitymanagementindertohlefluctuationsindemmeeffectively.Typicalexamplesincludetheeffectiveuseoftemparywkfceovertimeproduction.Inthispaperwediscussanintegratedmodelfinventyflexibleca

3、pacitymanagementundernonstationarystochasticdemwiththepossibilityofpositivefixedcostsbothfinitiatingproductionfusingcontingentcapacity.Weanalyzetheacteristicsoftheoptimalpoliciesftheintegratedproblem.Wealsoevaluatetheval

4、ueofutilizingflexiblecapacityunderdifferentsettingswhichenableustodevelopmanagerialinsights.KeywdsInventyProductionStochasticmodelsCapacitymanagementFlexiblecapacity1IntroductionAcrucialproblemthatmanufacturingcompaniesf

5、aceishowtocopewithvolatilityindem.Fmaketostockenvironmentsholdingsafetystocksisthetraditionalremedyfhlingthevariabilityindem.Ifdemisnonstationaryasitisinseasonalbusinessenvironmentsthenadjustingproductioncapacitydynamica

6、llyisanotherpossibletool.Whilethereisanextensiveamountofliteratureonbothofthesemeasuresouraimistocontributetotherelativelylimitedresearchthatconsidersbothatthesametimewhichmaybenecessaryespeciallyifthedemisbothnonstation

7、arystochastic.Consequentlyinthispaperweconsideraperiodicreviewmaketostockproductionenvironmentundernonstationarystochasticdem.Inmostofthetraditionalproductioninventyliteratureeitheraninfinite4.1%ofthetotalUSemployment.In

8、March20067.9%oftheactivelabfceinTurkeywascomposedofcontingentwkers(TurkishStatisticalInstitute2006).Temparywkerscanbehiredinanyperiodtheyarepaidonlyftheperiodstheywkwhereaspermanentwkersareonapayroll.Accdingtoourexperien

9、cetheleadtimeofacquiringtemparywkersisgenerallyshtfjobsthatdonotrequirehighskilllevels.Ittakesaslittleas12daystoacquiretemparywkersfromtheexternallabsupplyagencieswhereasinsomecasestemparylabacquisitionisactuallypractica

10、llyimmediate.Insomedevelopingcountriesabundanttemparywkersthatarelookingfajobthecompaniesthatareinneedoftemparylabgatherinsomevenuesearlyinthemningthecompanieshirewkersthattheyaregoingtomakeuseofthatveryday.Changingthele

11、velofpermanentcapacityasameansofcopingwithdemfluctuationssuchashiringfiringpermanentwkersfrequentlyisnotonlyverycostlyingeneralbutitmayalsohavemanynegativeimpactsonthecompany.Incaseoflabcapacitythesocialmotivationaleffec

12、tsoffrequenthiringfiringmakesthistoolevenlessattractive.Utilizingflexiblecapacitysuchashiringtemparywkersfromexternallabsupplyagenciesisameansofovercomingtheseissuesweconsiderthisasoneofthetwomainoperationaltoolsofcoping

13、withfluctuatingdemalongwithholdinginventy.Neverthelesslongtermchangesinthestateofthewldcanmakepermanentcapacitychangesunavoidable.Consequentlyweconsiderthedeterminationofthepermanentcapacitylevelasatacticaldecisionthatis

14、madeatthebeginningofafiniteplanninghizonnotchangeduntiltheendofthehizon.Thisdecisioniskeptoutofthescopeofthisstudysincewefocusonlyontheoperationaldecisions.WereferthereadertoAlpTan(2008)ftheproblemofdeterminingtheoptimal

15、permanentcapacitylevel.Whileflexibilityprovidesmanybenefitsitcomesatacost.Thenominalvariablecostoftheflexibleresourcesarelikelytobehigherthanthatofthepermanentones.Inthewkfcecontexttheproductivityoftemparywkersisprobably

16、lessthanthatofpermanentwkers.Finallytheremaybefixedcostsassociatedwithderingcontingentcapacitysuchasthecostsofcontactingexternallabsupplyagenciestrainingcosts.Anothertypeoffixedcostsintheproblemenvironmentthatweintroduce

17、mightbethecostsassociatedwithinitiatingproductionineachperiodsuchassetupcostsoverheadcoststhelike.Inmanyenvironmentsitispossiblethatthecontingentcapacitythatcanbeacquiredinanyperiodislimitedwhichisthecasewhen—fexample—ov