呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體

1、Respiratory Disease – Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病－豬肺炎支原體,Bob Morrison DVM, MBA, PhDSwine Group University of Minnesota 明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué),Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬肺炎支原體,Transmission is primarily by direct c

2、ontact with carrier swine. 傳播的主要途徑是與病原攜帶豬的直接接觸。Airborne transmission possible 經(jīng)呼吸道傳播使感染成為可能Any age pig is susceptible to infection. 所有日齡的豬都易感。Maintained in herds by sow (primarily parity 1,2) to suckling pig

3、 contact. 在豬群中通過母豬（主要是第一、二產(chǎn)次母豬）與哺乳仔豬 接觸導(dǎo)致其持續(xù)存在。Primary clinical problem is in growing pigs, 3 to 6 months old 主要臨床問題出現(xiàn)在3到6月齡的生長豬群身上,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬肺炎支原體,Long incubation period – 10 to 16 weeks 長潛

4、伏期－10-16周Slow spread 緩慢傳播Large numbers present in the early stages of disease 大量的病例出現(xiàn)于疾病的早期階段。Disease onset is gradual – coughing for weeks to months 疾病的發(fā)病是漸進(jìn)性的——咳嗽可持續(xù)數(shù)周到數(shù)月Disease course is markedly affec

5、ted by concurrent or secondary infections 疾病的進(jìn)程明顯受并發(fā)或繼發(fā)感染的影響High variation in virulence 病原毒力差異很大,What does M.hyopneumoniae do? 豬肺炎支原體有什么影響？,Colonizes tracheal epithelium 病原定居于氣管上皮細(xì)胞Destroys cilia in trach

6、eobronchi, interferes with clearance mechanisms 摧毀氣管、支氣管上皮的纖毛，干擾氣管的清除機(jī)制Interferes with macrophage activity 干擾了巨噬細(xì)胞活性Mononuclear peribronchial infiltration 單核細(xì)胞在支氣管周圍浸潤Produces lesions of pneumonia

7、 造成肺炎的病變May be severe in susceptible animals 對(duì)易感動(dòng)物可能有嚴(yán)重后果Produces slight ? ADG 導(dǎo)致豬平均日增重的輕微下降A(chǔ)llows bacterial superinfections --Pasteurella, Strep, Actinobacillus 易發(fā)生細(xì)菌的雙重感染——巴氏桿菌、鏈球菌、放線菌,Immunohistochemi

8、cal stain免疫組化染色,Diagnosis 診斷,Gross lesions in lungs – 肺部的眼觀病變well-demarcated, anteroventral, especially early in disease (7- 28 days) 界線分明、前腹葉、特別是在病變?cè)缙贖istopathology 組織病理學(xué)Specific and recognizable lesions 特異性和可辨

9、識(shí)的病變Distinguish from SIV 與豬流感相區(qū)別Detection of organism by PCR, frozen section FA, immunohistochemistry, culture 通過聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)檢測病原、冰凍切片的熒光抗體檢測、免疫組織化學(xué)、病原培養(yǎng)Serology 血清學(xué),Mhyp,Histopathology 組織病理學(xué),Diagnosis 診斷,C

10、ulture is difficult 培養(yǎng)困難Fastidious, contamination by other Mycoplasma sp. 對(duì)培養(yǎng)要求苛刻，易受其他支原體的污染High sensitivity in the early stages of disease 在疾病的早期階段有高靈敏度Organism numbers decline over the course of the disease

11、 病原數(shù)量在整個(gè)疾病過程中都在逐步下降PCR – nested vs non-nested 聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)－套式與非套式Routine, rapid 常規(guī)、快速（檢驗(yàn)）Tracheobronchial swabs or lung lavage 支氣管沾取物或肺部灌洗物Not upper respiratory tract, nasal swabs less sensitive 不要用上呼吸道采樣，鼻拭出

12、物敏感性較差Positive results correlated with 陽性結(jié)果與以下因素有關(guān)Presence of clinical signs, lung lesions, eventual seroconversion 臨床特征的存在、肺部病變、最終的血清學(xué)變化,Immunoflurescence免疫熒光,Diagnosis 診斷,Serology is a measure of response to na

13、tural infection or vaccination 血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果是衡量機(jī)體對(duì)自然感染或疫苗免疫應(yīng)答的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serology 豬肺炎支原體的血清學(xué),Serum antibody 血清抗體Delayed and variable seroconversion, 2 to 8 wks post-infection 延遲和產(chǎn)生血清學(xué)變化，感染后2到8周

14、ELISA 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Tween 20 ELISA 吐溫20酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Whole cell membrane protein antigen 全細(xì)胞膜表面蛋白抗原Cross-reactions with non-pathogenic M. flocculare 與無致病性的絮狀支原體有交叉反應(yīng)Antibodies peak 5-7 weeks post infection. Seropo

15、sitive 1 year later (25% at 8-12 months) 抗體高峰出現(xiàn)在感染后5-7周，1年后仍呈血清學(xué)陽性（有25％保持8-12個(gè)月）DAKO ELISA DAKO酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Monoclonal antibody, species-specific epitope 74 kD protein antigen 支原體抗體，種屬特異性的長度為74kD的單抗原決定簇蛋白抗原 Highe

16、r specificity 高度特異性Both have unexpected/false positive results 都有出現(xiàn)非預(yù)期/假陽性結(jié)果的可能Repeated serological tests, clinical signs, lesions at necropsy or slaughter. 重復(fù)血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)、臨床癥狀、剖檢或屠宰中發(fā)現(xiàn)的病變,Evaluating prevalence流行狀況的評(píng)估

17、,Slaughter checks 屠宰檢查check approximately 30 pigs 檢查約30頭豬as near as possible to 180 days 盡可能接近180日齡的豬at approximately same age 在日齡基本相近的豬身上Cough index 咳嗽的觀察observe 2 pens or 40 pigs 觀察兩欄或40頭豬observe for 5 min

18、utes 觀察5分鐘always same time of day 總在一天的同一時(shí)間觀察count coughs/minute 記算每分鐘咳嗽次數(shù)recognize that cough indicates onset of pneumonia, not infection and that cough does not give etiologic differentiation 辨別咳嗽是

19、肺炎初起的反應(yīng)、非感染性咳嗽和無法給出病原的咳嗽間的區(qū)別Bacterium profile 細(xì)菌學(xué)剖面Use PCR from nasal swabs 用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)分辯鼻拭出物的細(xì)菌Recognize that positive pigs may not be sick or infectious 要認(rèn)識(shí)到陽性豬可能并沒有該病或被感染,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系統(tǒng)病的復(fù)合感染,

20、M hyo 肺炎支原體plus commonly detected bacteria 其他通常檢出菌 P. multocida, H parasuis, S suis, Actinomyces, etc.多殺性巴氏桿菌、嗜血桿菌、鏈球菌、放線桿菌等plus commonly detected viruses 其他通常檢出病毒PRRS, PCV-2, Influenza, PRCV, etc. 藍(lán)耳病

21、、豬圓環(huán)病毒－Ⅱ型、流感、偽狂犬病毒等,Lung from a pig with porcine respiratory disease complex due to PRRSV, M. hyo., and P. multocida 由藍(lán)耳病病毒、肺炎支原體和多殺性巴氏桿菌導(dǎo)致的豬呼吸道病復(fù)合感染豬的肺部,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系統(tǒng)病的復(fù)合感染,Essentially a delayed pres

22、entation of mycoplasma 必然推遲支原體的疾病表現(xiàn)Usually seen in late finishing stages 通常出現(xiàn)在育成豬階段的后期This complicated form is more severe than uncomplicated enzootic pneumonia 有復(fù)合感染的情形遠(yuǎn)較非復(fù)合性感染的地方性流行性肺炎Treatment and con

23、trol are difficult 治療和控制都很困難Vaccinate sows 疫苗免疫母豬Vaccinate pigs for M hyo 肺炎支原體疫苗免疫豬Gilt acclimation, ensure that gilts have high immunity and low shedding 后備母豬的環(huán)境適應(yīng)，確保后備母豬有高免疫力和低散毒率。,Serology 血清學(xué),Serology is

24、 a measure of immune response – either natural or vaccine induced. It does not predict protective effects. 血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果是衡量免疫應(yīng)答的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)－不論是自然感染還是疫苗誘導(dǎo)。但是它并不能預(yù)期疫苗的保護(hù)效果Higher seroprevalence in lower parity sows. 在低產(chǎn)次母豬中有更高的

25、血清學(xué)發(fā)病率。Colostral antibody decay from 30 to 63 days 母源抗體的衰竭從30開始到63天結(jié)束Colostral antibodies may provide partial protection against experimental challenge and natural disease. 母源抗體可能提供了部分保護(hù)以對(duì)抗在實(shí)驗(yàn)和自然疾病的感染。,,Serum pr

26、ofile 血清學(xué)曲線sample lots of 10 pigs of different ages 從10頭豬的不同日齡采取大量血清樣品test serum for antibodies 檢測血清中的抗體determine seroconversion 確定血清學(xué)變化recognize that seroconversion in M hyo is very delayed

27、認(rèn)識(shí)到肺炎支原體的血清學(xué)變化的出現(xiàn)具有很大的時(shí)延性。,Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原體的治療,Tiamulin 泰妙靈15 mg/kg x 3 days IM15毫克/公斤體重×3天 肌注30 ppm in the feed 30ppm拌料Lincomycin 林可霉素10 mg/kg x 3 days IM 10毫克/公斤體重×3天 肌注

28、100 mg/ton treatment 100毫克/噸 治療劑量40 gm/ton control 40克/噸 控制劑量Tylan 泰樂菌素8 mg/kg x 3 days IM - not licensed for treatment 8毫克/公斤體重×3天 肌注－不允許用于治100 gm/ton - effectiveness? 100克/噸 治療劑量－有效

29、？Tylan/Sulfa泰樂菌素/磺胺類藥物100 gm/ton tylosin & 100 gm/ton Sulfamethazine 100克/噸泰樂菌素和100克/噸磺胺二甲基嘧啶Tetracyclines 四環(huán)素類400gm/ton Chlortetracycline 400克/噸金霉素20 mg/kg Oxytetracycline IM 20毫克/公斤體重土霉素 肌

30、注 50mg/kg Tetracycline HCI PC 50毫克/公斤體重鹽酸四環(huán)素Very good for prophylaxis 有很好的預(yù)防效果,Treatment for P. multocida多殺性巴氏桿菌的治療,Sulfas磺胺類藥Sulfadimethoxine 磺胺二甲氧基嘧啶Sulfamethazine - residues! 磺胺二甲基嘧啶－殘留問題！Sulfathi

31、azole 磺胺塞唑Given in drinking water 3-5d 飲水投藥3-5天Lincomycin -no direct effect on Pasteurella 林可霉素－對(duì)巴氏桿菌沒有直接作用Spectinomycin壯觀霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤體重 肌注Tetracyclines - See Mycoplasma 四環(huán)素類－見支原體章節(jié)Ampic

32、illin 氨芐青霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤體重 肌注Trimethoprim/Sulfa 磺胺增效劑/磺胺In drinking water--not labeled in USA 飲水投藥－美國沒有給藥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Control 控制,Risk factors 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素Presence of virulent organism 強(qiáng)致病力病原的存在Immunosuppressive viru

33、ses 免疫抑制性病毒Animals from many sources 多來源動(dòng)物Continuous flow production 連續(xù)流水線生產(chǎn)Excessive density 過高飼養(yǎng)密度Open pen partitions 開放式欄舍分隔設(shè)計(jì)Poor biosecurity 不佳的生物安全措施Inappropriate timing of

34、vaccines or medications 不合理的疫苗免疫或用藥時(shí)機(jī),Control 控制ALL IN/ALL OUT 全進(jìn)/全出Offsite production 豬場外生產(chǎn)Single source animals 動(dòng)物單一來源Minimize mixing and sorting 最少的混群程度和最小的篩選程度Wean early 早期斷奶N(yùn)o cross-fost