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1、TheFederalistNo.1IntroductionIndependentJournalSaturdayOctober271787[AlexerHamilton]TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYk:AFTERanunequivocalexperienceoftheinefficacyofthesubsistingfederalgovernmentyouarecalledupontodeliberateonan

2、ewConstitutionftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThesubjectspeaksitsownimptancecomprehendinginitsconsequencesnothinglessthantheexistenceoftheUNIONthesafetywelfareofthepartsofwhichitiscomposedthefateofanempireinmanyrespectsthemost

3、interestinginthewld.Ithasbeenfrequentlyremarkedthatitseemstohavebeenreservedtothepeopleofthiscountrybytheirconductexampletodecidetheimptantquestionwhethersocietiesofmenarereallycapablenotofestablishinggoodgovernmentfromr

4、eflectionchoicewhethertheyarefeverdestinedtodependftheirpoliticalconstitutionsonaccidentfce.Iftherebeanytruthintheremarkthecrisisatwhichwearearrivedmaywithproprietyberegardedastheerainwhichthatdecisionistobemadeawrongele

5、ctionofthepartweshallactmayinthisviewdeservetobeconsideredasthegeneralmisftuneofmankind.Thisideawilladdtheinducementsofphilanthropytothoseofpatriotismtoheightenthesolicitudewhichallconsiderategoodmenmustfeelftheevent.Hap

6、pywillitbeifourchoiceshouldbedirectedbyajudiciousestimateofourtrueinterestsunperplexedunbiasedbyconsiderationsnotconnectedwiththepublicgood.Butthisisathingmeardentlytobewishedthanseriouslytobeexpected.Theplanofferedtoour

7、deliberationsaffectstoomanyparticularinterestsinnovatesupontoomanylocalinstitutionsnottoinvolveinitsdiscussionavarietyofobjectsfeigntoitsmeritsofviewspassionsprejudiceslittlefavabletothediscoveryoftruth.Amongthemostfable

8、oftheobstacleswhichthenewConstitutionwillhavetoencountermayreadilybedistinguishedtheobviousinterestofacertainclassofmenineveryStatetoresistallchangeswhichmayhazardadiminutionofthepoweremolumentconsequenceoftheofficesthey

9、holdundertheStateestablishmentsthepervertedambitionofanotherclassofmenwhowilleitherhopetoaggrizethemselvesbytheconfusionsoftheircountrywillflatterthemselveswithfairerprospectsofelevationfromthesubdivisionoftheempireintos

10、everalpartialconfederaciesthanfromitsunionunderonegovernment.theircareerbypayinganobsequiouscourttothepeoplecommencingdemagoguesendingtyrants.InthecourseoftheprecedingobservationsIhavehadaneyemyfellowcitizenstoputtingyou

11、uponyourguardagainstallattemptsfromwhateverquartertoinfluenceyourdecisioninamatteroftheutmostmomenttoyourwelfarebyanyimpressionsotherthanthosewhichmayresultfromtheevidenceoftruth.Youwillnodoubtatthesametimehavecollectedf

12、romthegeneralscopeofthemthattheyproceedfromasourcenotunfriendlytothenewConstitution.YesmycountrymenIowntoyouthatafterhavinggivenitanattentiveconsiderationIamclearlyofopinionitisyourinteresttoadoptit.Iamconvincedthatthisi

13、sthesafestcoursefyourlibertyyourdignityyourhappiness.IaffectnotreserveswhichIdonotfeel.IwillnotamuseyouwithanappearanceofdeliberationwhenIhavedecided.IfranklyacknowledgetoyoumyconvictionsIwillfreelylaybefeyouthereasonson

14、whichtheyarefounded.Theconsciousnessofgoodintentionsdisdainsambiguity.Ishallnothowevermultiplyprofessionsonthishead.Mymotivesmustremaininthedeposityofmyownbreast.Myargumentswillbeopentoallmaybejudgedofbyall.Theyshallatle

15、astbeofferedinaspiritwhichwillnotdisgracethecauseoftruth.Iproposeinaseriesofpaperstodiscussthefollowinginterestingparticulars:TheutilityoftheUNIONtoyourpoliticalprosperityTheinsufficiencyofthepresentConfederationtopreser

16、vethatUnionThenecessityofagovernmentatleastequallyenergeticwiththeoneproposedtotheattainmentofthisobjectTheconfmityoftheproposedConstitutiontothetrueprinciplesofrepublicangovernmentItsanalogytoyourownstateconstitutionlas

17、tlyTheadditionalsecuritywhichitsadoptionwillaffdtothepreservationofthatspeciesofgovernmenttolibertytoproperty.IntheprogressofthisdiscussionIshallendeavtogiveasatisfactyanswertoalltheobjectionswhichshallhavemadetheirappea

18、rancethatmayseemtohaveanyclaimtoyourattention.ItmayperhapsbethoughtsuperfluoustoofferargumentstoprovetheutilityoftheUNIONapointnodoubtdeeplyengravedontheheartsofthegreatbodyofthepeopleineveryStateonewhichitmaybeimaginedh

19、asnoadversaries.ButthefactisthatwealreadyhearitwhisperedintheprivatecirclesofthosewhoopposethenewConstitutionthatthethirteenStatesareoftoogreatextentfanygeneralsystemthatwemustofnecessityresttoseparateconfederaciesofdist

20、inctptionsofthewhole.1Thisdoctrinewillinallprobabilitybegraduallypropagatedtillithasvotariesenoughtocountenanceanopenavowalofit.Fnothingcanbemeevidenttothosewhoareabletotakeanenlargedviewofthesubjectthanthealternativeofa

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