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1、TheFederalistNo.3ConcerningDangersFromFeignFceInfluence(continued)IndependentJournalSaturdayNovember31787[JohnJay]TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYk:ITISnotanewobservationthatthepeopleofanycountry(ifliketheAmericansintelligent

2、wellinfmed)seldomadoptsteadilyperseverefmanyyearsinanerroneousopinionrespectingtheirinterests.ThatconsiderationnaturallytendstocreategreatrespectfthehighopinionwhichthepeopleofAmericahavesolongunifmlyentertainedoftheimpt

3、anceoftheircontinuingfirmlyunitedunderonefederalgovernmentvestedwithsufficientpowersfallgeneralnationalpurposes.ThemeattentivelyIconsiderinvestigatethereasonswhichappeartohavegivenbirthtothisopinionthemeIbecomeconvincedt

4、hattheyarecogentconclusive.Amongthemanyobjectstowhichawisefreepeoplefinditnecessarytodirecttheirattentionthatofprovidingftheirsafetyseemstobethefirst.Thesafetyofthepeopledoubtlesshasrelationtoagreatvarietyofcircumstances

5、considerationsconsequentlyaffdsgreatlatitudetothosewhowishtodefineitpreciselycomprehensively.AtpresentImeanonlytoconsideritasitrespectssecurityfthepreservationofpeacetranquillityaswellasagainstdangersfromfeignarmsinfluen

6、ceasfromdangersofthelikekindarisingfromdomesticcauses.Asthefmerofthesecomesfirstinderitisproperitshouldbethefirstdiscussed.LetustherefeproceedtoexaminewhetherthepeoplearenotrightintheiropinionthatacdialUnionunderaneffici

7、entnationalgovernmentaffdsthemthebestsecuritythatcanbedevisedagainsthostilitiesfromabroad.Thenumberofwarswhichhavehappenedwillhappeninthewldwillalwaysbefoundtobeinproptiontothenumberweightofthecauseswhetherrealpretendedw

8、hichprovokeinvitethem.IfthisremarkbejustitbecomesusefultoinquirewhethersomanyjustcausesofwararelikelytobegivenbyunitedAmericapreserved.ThecaseofthetreatyofpeacewithBritainaddsgreatweighttothisreasoning.Ifeventhegoverning

9、partyinaStateshouldbedisposedtoresistsuchtemptationsyetassuchtemptationsmaycommonlydoresultfromcircumstancespeculiartotheStatemayaffectagreatnumberoftheinhabitantsthegoverningpartymaynotalwaysbeableifwillingtopreventthei

10、njusticemeditatedtopunishtheaggresss.Butthenationalgovernmentnotbeingaffectedbythoselocalcircumstanceswillneitherbeinducedtocommitthewrongthemselvesnwantpowerinclinationtopreventpunishitscommissionbyothers.Sofartherefeas

11、eitherdesignedaccidentalviolationsoftreatiesthelawsofnationsaffdjustcausesofwartheyarelesstobeapprehendedunderonegeneralgovernmentthanunderseverallesseronesinthatrespectthefmermostfavsthesafetyofthepeople.Astothosejustca

12、usesofwarwhichproceedfromdirectunlawfulviolenceitappearsequallycleartomethatonegoodnationalgovernmentaffdsvastlymesecurityagainstdangersofthatstthancanbederivedfromanyotherquarter.Suchviolencesaremefrequentlycausedbythep

13、assionsinterestsofapartthanofthewholeofonetwoStatesthanoftheUnion.NotasingleIndianwarhasyetbeenoccasionedbyaggressionsofthepresentfederalgovernmentfeebleasitisbutthereareseveralinstancesofIndianhostilitieshavingbeenprovo

14、kedbytheimproperconductofindividualStateswhoeitherunableunwillingtorestrainpunishoffenseshavegivenoccasiontotheslaughterofmanyinnocentinhabitants.TheneighbhoodofSpanishBritishterritiesbderingonsomeStatesnotonothersnatura

15、llyconfinesthecausesofquarrelmeimmediatelytothebderers.ThebderingStatesifanywillbethosewhoundertheimpulseofsuddenirritationaquicksenseofapparentinterestinjurywillbemostlikelybydirectviolencetoexcitewarwiththesenationsnot

16、hingcansoeffectuallyobviatethatdangerasanationalgovernmentwhosewisdomprudencewillnotbediminishedbythepassionswhichactuatethepartiesimmediatelyinterested.Butnotonlyfewerjustcausesofwarwillbegivenbythenationalgovernmentbut

17、itwillalsobemeintheirpowertoaccommodatesettlethemamicably.TheywillbemetemperatecoolinthatrespectaswellasinotherswillbemeincapacitytoactadvisedlythantheoffendingState.Theprideofstatesaswellasofmennaturallydisposesthemtoju

18、stifyalltheiractionsopposestheiracknowledgingcrectingrepairingtheirerrsoffenses.Thenationalgovernmentinsuchcaseswillnotbeaffectedbythispridebutwillproceedwithmoderationctoconsiderdecideonthemeansmostpropertoextricatethem

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